Time required to empty Thomas C. Foster* a vessel Horizontal cylinder Sohere An = orifice sea, #2 gn 92.2? (C= time to empty, pee a VE ntan'on’® Vet 0*2-(0-ny*) _ VE mh*40-315) NB Ca An Ve © 8 Cg An Ve 30g An Vo ‘30g An Vo 2 be de od = Pe 4 Ovi fe dade (04081 for sharp-edge orifice ~ 0.80 for short, ush-mounted tube = 0:98 for rounded orifice Cl The figure shows how to calculate the time required to cmpty a vessel, for four common tank geometries. ‘The discharge coefficient (C,) is constant for Newtonian fluids in turbulent flow, but it depends on the shape of the orifice. Water flowing through sharp-edged orifices Yin. dia. or larger is always turbulent—thus the as- iimption of constant C, is valid for most practical ap- plications. The figure lists accepted C, values. Example: A 10-ft sphere is filled to a height of 8 ft with ethanol—a Newtonian fluid. How long will it take to drain out through a short, 2-in.-dia. tube? Solution: Refer to the figure for the proper equation and C, value, then substitute the values to find « MSM, 521 Piermont Ave, iver Vale, NJ 07672 ia ci SteetcuT Ae eed Wey SS 80 Via h™D — %h) 30,4, Ve _ V2 918710 = H8)) 3(0.80(")(Ya¥? V322 = 1,765s ‘Thus the tank will drain in less than thirty minutes. Reference Baumer, Ted, "Maro Standard Handbook for Mechanica! Engineer.” Sth, Manet, Now Yor, 198, p02. 40 DEMS” | CHeMiCAL ENE NEON. |