GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering BSc Engineering Degree Semester 6 Examination — September 2022 (Intake 37 - ME/MR) ME 3243 - COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ‘Time allowed: 3 hours 26 September, 2022 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This paper contains 5 questions on 4 pages. Answer ALL questions. Each question carries equal marks. This is a closed book examination. ‘his examination accounts for 70% of the module assessment. A total maximum mark obtainable is 100, The marks assigned for each question and parts thereof are indicated in square brackets. If you have any doubt as to the interpretation of the wordings of a question, make your own decision, but clearly state it on the script. Assume reasonable values for any data not given in or provided with the question paper, clearly make such assumptions made in the script All examinations are conducted under the rules and regulations of the KDU. Page 10f4‘This Page is Intentionally Left Blank Page 2 of 4Question 1 (@) Explain the role of “Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)" in solving engineering problems with respect to the other approaches briefly. [06] (b) Discuss the applicability of Computational Fluid Dynamics in solving real-life problems in your own field. Elaborate your answer with suitable examples. [10] (©) “Computational Fluid Dynamics is not a perfect tool for solving complex engineering problems”. Express your views on this statement. [04] Question 2 (a) Explain why modelling turbulence is considered to be a formidable challenge for engineers. [04 (b) Discuss the main approaches applicable in modelling turbulence in engineering flows. [06] (© Explain the fundamental boundary conditions encountered in Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling. [10] (a) Explain the following terms briefly: i) State of convergence i) Post processing of CFD results 106) (b) Describe the pre-processing activities to be performed in modelling fluid flow for a complex geometry using the CFD methodology. [10] (© Discuss factors to be considered in selecting a turbulence model for a particular flow modelling application. [04] Question 4 It is required to assess the aerodynamic performance of the NACA 2412 airfoil shown in Figure 1. 1 1 1 | | Figure 1: NACA 2412 Airfoil Page 3 of 4(a) Explain the complete process of assessing the aerodynamic performance of this airfoil using CFD. You may use clear illustrations to elaborate different stages (including tools and resources used) of the above process. [12] (b) Discuss actions to be taken in order to increase the accuracy of CFD results in this context. [04] (©) What challenges would you encounter during the above modelling process? [04] Question 5 (a) Explain the process of “Discretization” briefly 105] (b) It is observed that a certain CFD simulation finds it difficult to reach the state of (©) convergence even after running the same for a substantial period of time. Discuss possible causes for this phenomenon and recommend corrective action to be taken in order to rectify this issue, [10] Explain the importance of validating a CFD solution before being accepted, [05] End of ques yn paper Page 4 of