Definition: A urinary tract infection is an infection that begins in your urinary system.

Your urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Any part of your urinary system can become infected, but most infections involve the lower urinary tract the urethra and the bladder. Women are at greater risk of developing a urinary tract infection than are men. A urinary tract infection limited to your bladder can be painful and annoying. However, serious consequences can occur if a urinary tract infection spreads to your kidneys. Antibiotics are the typical treatment for a urinary tract infection. But you can take steps to reduce your chance of getting a urinary tract infection in the first place. Symptoms: Not everyone with a urinary tract infection develops recognizable signs and symptoms, but most people have some. In general, urinary tract infection signs and symptoms develop rapidly and can include: -A strong, persistent urge to urinate -A burning sensation when urinating -Passing frequent, small amounts of urine -Blood in the urine (hematuria) or cloudy, strong-smelling urine -Bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria) Types of urinary tract infection: Each type of urinary tract infection may result in more-specific signs and symptoms, depending on which part of your urinary tract is infected.

Part of urinary tract affected Kidneys (acute pyelonephritis)

Signs and symptoms -Upper back and side (flank) pain -High fever -Shaking and chill -Nausea -Vomiting

Bladder (cystitis)

-Pelvic pressure -Lower abdomen discomfort -Frequent, painful urination -Low-grade fever

Urethra (urethritis

- Burning with urinati

Causes: The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters , bladder and urethra. All play a role in removing waste from your body. Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out such microscopic invaders, the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and multiply into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract. The most common urinary tract infections occur mainly in women and affect the bladder and urethra.

Infection of the bladder (cystitis):

is usually caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a species of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. Sexual intercourse may lead to cystitis, but you don't have to be sexually active to develop it. All women are susceptible to cystitis because of their anatomy specifically, the close proximity of the urethra to the anus and the short distance from the urethral opening to the bladder. Infection of the urethra (urethritis): can occur when the gastrointestinal bacteria make the short trip from the anus to the urethra. In addition, because of the female urethra's proximity to the vagina, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea and Chlamydia , also are possible causes of urethritis

Risk Factor: Being female. Half of all women will develop a urinary tract infection at some point during their lives, and many will experience more than one. A key reason is their anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra, which cuts down on the distance bacteria must travel to reach the bladder. Being sexually active. Women who are sexually active tend to have more urinary tract infections. Sexual intercourse can irritate the urethra, allowing germs to more easily travel through the urethra into the bladder. Using certain types of birth control. Women who use diaphragms for birth control also may be at higher risk, as are women who use spermicidal agents. Aging. After menopause, urinary tract infections may become more common because tissues of the vagina, urethra and the base of the bladder become thinner and more fragile due to loss of estrogen.

Kidney stones or any other urinary obstruction. Diabetes and other chronic illnesses that may impair the immune system. Prolonged use of tubes (catheters) in the bladder. Recurrent urinary tract infections: In women, the immune system may play a role in the risk of recurrent urinary tract infections. Bacteria can attach to cells in the urinary tract more easily in women lacking protective factors that normally allow the bladder to shed bacteria. More research is needed to determine the exact factors involved and how these factors can be manipulated to benefit women with frequent urinary tract infections. Contraindication: When treated promptly and properly, urinary tract infections rarely lead to complications. But left untreated, a urinary tract infection can become something more serious than merely a set of uncomfortable symptoms. Untreated urinary tract infections can lead to acute or chronic kidney infections (pyelonephritis), which could permanently damage your kidneys. Young children and older adults are at the greatest risk of kidney damage due to urinary tract infections because their symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions. Pregnant women who have urinary tract infections may have an increased risk of delivering low birth weight or premature infants. Women who experience three or more urinary tract infections are likely to continue experiencing them.

Demographic Data: Name: Nancy A. Ayawan Address: Sta. Maria, Pusok, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu Age: 42 Sex: Female Civil Status: Married Nationality: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Occupation: None Birthday: May 28 1969 Birthplace: Bacolod Fathers Name: Rodrigo Ayawan Address: Bacolod Mothers Maiden Name: Letilia Lintija Address: Bacolod

Past Health History: Mrs. Ayawan, was diagnosed of having a Urinary Tract Infection. According to my interview with her it was her second time to be admitted at the hospital. The previous illness that she experienced was typhoid fever and cough last two years. He just have self medications and was able to treat herself.

History of present illness: Started four days ago with weakness and discomfort, and pain in the pelvic region. And have fever.

History of past illness:

Genogram

R. Alperante

L. Lintija

H. Ayawan

N. Ayawan

A. Ayawan

A. Ayawa Legend

Parents

Kids

Laboratory Hematology Examination Hemoglobin Mass Hematocrit ( RBC volume) White Blood Cell Red Blood Cell Thombocytes (Platelets) Neutrophils Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Stab/Band Cell Basophil Urinalysis Physical Color Transparency Specific Gravity Chemical PH Albumin Sugar Microscopic Pus Cell Red Cells Epithelial Cells Bacteria 1-3 Hpf 0-1/hpe Moderate Few 7.0 Negative Negative Result Yellow Slightly Nazy 1.015

Result 132 .39 8.9 4.44 276 .73 20 .05 .02 1 1

Reference Volume (m)130-180 (f) 120-160 (m)o.40-0.54 (f)0.37-0.47 5-10x10/1 (m)4.5-6.0 (f)4.0-5.5x10/1 140-440x10/1 0-51-0.67 0.25-0.40 0.02-0.08 0.01-0.6 0.01-0.04 0.0-0.01

Fecalysis Consistency Color Red Cells Pust Cells Others Bacteria Remarks No ova of paracites seen Gordons Functional Health patterns 1. Health Perception- Health Management Pattern -She is not feeling well she look like a old woman, Her skin is pale color, when she admitting in the Hospital she fell pain in her lower part of her abdomen, she want to have check up to her abdomen because she fell severe abdominal pain. I ask her if she try any surgical operation and she answer me no. If she fell the pain again she immediately take a pain relever. 2.Nutritional- Metabolic Pattern -She eat any kind of foods, she likes to eat vegetables, meats, an seafoods. 3. Elimination Pattern - I ask her how many times she eliminate waste every day, and she tell me 3x or 4x/day . 4. Activity- Exercise Pattern - I ask her how many times she do exercise , she said sometimes. Her exercise is in doing household work. 5. Sleep- Rest Pattern - I ask her what time she sleep at night she answer me sometimes she sleep early at night if her two kids is already home came from school . I ask her if she fell any sleep disturbance, she said no, and she never take a sleeping medication. 6. Sexuality- Reproductive Pattern - I ask her is she had a sexual problem or discomfort. She said she dont have any problem she cant labor two kids. 7. Sensory Perceptual Pattern and Cognitive Pattern - I ask my client if she have problem of his senses and my client said no. 8. Role Relationship Pattern -I ask my client what her role in this family she said she is the one who manage the budget. 9. Self Perception Self Concept Pattern - My client is light skin, big eyes and long hair. Her abilities is hard working . 10.Coping 11. Value Belief Pattern - she always pray in god. To give her husband strength. Moderate Brown Formed None Scen None Scen

Physical Examination Head- Skin: Normal skin color, dry, normal skin turgor, no rashes Hair- Black in color, without lies Nails: Pinkish color (good circulation),curb Musculoskeletal: Normal, equal muscle Nose and Sinuses: Theres no any obstruction and there is no discharges Mouth: Pinkish, the teeths is complete but there is a presence of cavities Neck: Equal muscle, theres no any lymp nodes and any masses Ears: There are no discharges. Patient is able to hear normal voice tones audibly Thorax and Lungs: Theres no abnormal sounds in the lungs Abdomen: Globular, theres no masses and discharges Neurological: Coherent, the patient is oriented to time, place and person