Logic and Critical Thinking

Worksheet 1

Exercise on Chapter Two

Part I: Determine the following words whether as premise or conclusion indictors or neither of the two.

Premise Conclusion Neither

1. Therefore __________ __________ __________
2. For the reason that __________ __________ __________
3. as __________ __________ __________
4. Accordingly __________ __________ __________
Part II. Do the following activities
1. List down the criteria that help us to decide the give passage whether contain argument or
non argument expressions?
2. What is the difference between explanation and argument?
3. Write down the components of conditional statements?
4. What is syllogism?
5. “Argument based on statistics are best expressed as inductive argument” explain

Part III: Identify which of the following passages are arguments. For those passages that are not
arguments determine its kind (from) of the passage as explanation, conditional sentence, etc. that
lack inferential claim.
1. The Reporter newspaper discloses that the National Bank of Ethiopia is immersed in serious corruption
problem.
2. If Hillary had won the 2016 election, then a new political trend would have been developed in the
USA.
3. Economically, women are substantially worse than men. They do not receive any pay for the work that
is done in the home. As members of the labor force their wages are significantly lower than paid to men,
even when they are engaged in similar work and have similar educational backgrounds.

4. Death is something that everybody hates it. It is the end of everything. No… maybe it is the beginning.
From the other angle death is something that gives final rest and hence desirable.
5. The reason you should vote for the ruling party is that the ruling party promise more than any other
party. The reason for rich people favors the ruling party is that the ruling party promises more than any
other party.

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6. The doctor told his patient that unless he practices frequent physical Exercises his health situation will
be in jeopardy.
7. The fall of Dergue's military regime is one of the historical events that brought significant changes in
Ethiopia.
8. All Ras Tafarians believe in the holiness of Haile Silassie. Ato Mekuria believes that Haile Sillasie is
holy. Hence, Ato Mekuria must be a Ras Teferian.
9. If Hillary had won the 2016 election, then a new political trend would have been developed in the
USA.
10. Economically, women are substantially worse than men. They do not receive any pay for the work
that is done in the home. As members of the labor force their wages are significantly lower than paid
to men, even when they are engaged in similar work and have similar educational backgrounds.
11. Death is something that everybody hates it. It is the end of everything. No… maybe it is the
beginning. From the other angle death is something that gives final rest and hence desirable.
12. The reason you should vote for the ruling party is that the ruling party promise more than any other
party.
13. The reason for rich people favors the ruling party is that the ruling party promises more than any
other party.
14. The doctor told his patient that unless he practices frequent physical Exercises s s his health
situation will be in jeopardy.
15. The fall of Dergue's military regime is one of the historical event that brought significant changes in
Ethiopia.
16. All Ras Tafarians believe in the holiness of Haile Silassie. Ato Mekuria believes that Haile Sillasie
is holy. Hence, Ato Mekuria must be a Ras Teferian.
17. The newspaper discloses that the National Bank of X country is immersed in serious corruption
problem.

Part IV: Determine the following arguments as valid, invalid, strong or weak.

1. Ninety percent of the cars in the parking lot were vandalized, and your care was in the
parking lot. Therefore, your car was vandalized.

2. For several days it has been raining in Ambo since the fifteenth of June (June-15).
Therefore, probably there will be rainfall in a few days to come.

3. Circle A has exactly twice the diameter of circle B. From this we may conclude that circle A
has exactly twice the area of circle B.

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4. This cash register drawer contains over 100 coins. Three coins selected at random were
found to have dates earlier than 1960. Therefore, probably all of the coins in the drawer
have dates earlier than 1960.

5. The longest river in South America is the Amazon, and the Amazon flows through Brazil.
Therefore, the longest river in South America flows through Brazil.

6. All physicians are medical doctors. Helen is a physician. So, Helen is a medical doctor.

7. Since Moby Dick was written by Shakespeare, and Moby Dick is a science fiction novel, it
follows that Shakespeare wrote a science fiction novel.

8. All physicians are individuals who have earned degrees in political science, and some
lawyers are physicians. Therefore, some lawyers are persons who have earned degrees in
political science.

9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt said that we have nothing to fear but fear it. Therefore, women
have no reason to fear serial rapists.

10. Every year we get a thunderstorm in May. Since it is May, we will get a thunderstorm.

Part V: Answer the following questions

1. Define the following terms: Logic, Argument, Premise, Conclusion.

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2. Explain how we can distinguish argumentative passages from no-argumentative passages.

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3. Explain the meaning and functions of inferential and factual claims.

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4. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between deductive and inductive arguments.
Support your discussion with your own examples.
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5. Explain how we can distinguish deductive arguments from inductive arguments, and vice
versa.

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6. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between valid and invalid arguments, and
sound and unsound arguments. Support your discussion with your own examples.

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7. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between strong and weak arguments, and
cogent and uncogent arguments. Support your discussion with your own examples.

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8. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between sound and cogent arguments. Support
your discussion with your own examples

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