EXPLICIT AND

IMPLICIT
CLAIMS IN
WRITTEN
TEXT

READING AND WRITING SKILLS

4TH QUARTER
Reading engagement becomes very productive when learners
like you have to be conscious in giving sound reactions about the
text.
This is a manifestation that your attachment towards the reading
materials becomes intense. Consequently, you are reaching the
stage where critical reading happens.
As critical readers, you can assess texts that exhibit specific
claims such as claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy.
Lesson 1 – Claim of Fact
Lesson 2 – Claim of Policy
Lesson 3 – Claim of Value
OBJECTIVES
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text;

2. determine the key elements of explicit and implicit claims;
3. differentiate claim of fact, claim of policy and claim of value from
each other; and
4. identify claims of fact, policy and value presented in written
texts.
CLAIMS
Claims are synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand.
According to (Tiongson 2016, 20-21), a good claim should be
argumentative and debatable, specific and focused, interesting and
engaging, and logical.

A “claim” (also known as a “thesis statement” or “argument”) is the

central idea of your paragraph or essay and should appear in the first
sentence.
Claims are statements about what is true or good
or about what should be done or believed.
Claims are potentially arguable. "A liberal arts
education prepares students best" is a claim, while
"I didn't like the book" is not.
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT CLAIMS
An explicit claim is directly and clearly stated in the
text. It is when you can easily point out the
information in the passage.
Meanwhile, an implicit claim is indirectly expressed in
the text and you need to look for clues or make
inferences to understand its meaning.
1. CLAIM OF FACT
This claim is a statement that reports, describes predicts, make causal
claims, or whether something is a settled fact.
A claim of fact makes an assertion about something that can be proved
or disproved with factual evidence.
So a claim of fact for a logical argument cannot simply consist of a
statistic or proven fact. It needs, instead, to focus on an assertion
which uses facts to back it up, but for which the evidence might still be
debatable.
INAPPROPRIATE CLAIM OF FACT

“the month of March 2017 was 1.03°C (1.9°F) above the 20th century
average—this marked the first time the monthly temperature departure
from average surpassed 1.0°C (1.8°F) in the absence of an El Niño
episode in the tropical Pacific Ocean.” (from the U.S. Department of
Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
NOAA, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201713 )
APPROPRIATE CLAIM OF FACT

Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions from car

exhaust, manufacturing processes, fertilizers, and
landfills, while slowing deforestation, may help slow
the process of global warming.
Activity:1
Read the text and write down E if the piece of information is
explicit or write down I if it is implicit.
 E – EXPLICIT I - IMPLICIT

1. The teacher congratulated Rosie.

2. Rosie stood on stage and delivered her speech.
3. Rosie was full of happiness.
4. Rosie was a hard-working and intelligent student.
5. The parents of Rosie promised to celebrate her success.
B. PUT A CHECK MARK (/) IF THE STATEMENT IS A CLAIM OF FACT AND PUT A CROSS MARK (X)
IF IT IS NOT.
1. The Department of Education shows its readiness on the ‘new normal’ in the teaching and learning process.
2. Curfew must be enforced by parents to their children.
3. Vaping can have same side effects as smoking.
4. The closing of Philippine borders to tourists is one way to slow down the spread of COVID-19.
5. Doing videos in TikTok is more exciting than vlogging.
6. Research says that people can reduce stress by taking a nap.
7. It is more beneficial for a child to grow up speaking more than one language than knowing only his or her
mother tongue.
8. National ID system should now be implemented in the Philippines.
9. Neil Armstrong made a history as the first man to walk on the moon.
10. Watching K-Drama is the best form of entertainment.
INDICATE the
claim(s)you used and
write it at the
bottommost part of your
paper.
Loop a word from the table which you think is the most significant
one. Be able to relate it to the main concept of this lesson.
2. CLAIM OF POLICY
Claim of policy is the argument where actions should be carried out.
Basically, it is perceived as a relatively direct statement.
This claim can also be called claim of solution because it suggests
and supports policies and solutions, and the action to be taken is
based on the results.
You will know if a statement is a claim of policy if there is an action to
be done or a solution to be taken.
CLAIM OF POLICY

A claim of policy argues that certain conditions

should exist, or that something should or should not
be done, in order to solve a problem.
EXAMPLE:
The city’s board of education should institute an honors
program not only for high school students, but for elementary
and junior high school students as well.

Just as smoking ads have been banned in order to decrease

the urge to engage in an unhealthy behavior, soda ads should
be banned for the same reason.
 ACTIVITY:
Complete the sentence by writing down the letter of the correct word.
A. Should E. discipline
B. Result F. problem
C. Intervention G. action
D. Comparison H. love

1. Claim of policy is also called claim of solution because it proposes ____________ to solve the existing
problem.
2. ______________ is the main element of claim of policy.
3. “Ought”, “must”, and _____________ can be directly or indirectly stated in the claim.
4. In claim of policy, one can notice the possible solution because there is an existing __________________.
On a separate sheet, write ‘CP’ if the given statement is a claim of policy
and ‘NCP’ if not.

1. Anti-Text Scam Bill should be passed as law to protect the people.

2. Euthanasia also known as mercy killing is against the Law of God.
3. We should not support nor do Euthanasia or mercy killing in the Philippines
because it is still an act of killing.
4. Abortion should not be legalized in the Philippines because every child is a
gift.
5. Every child has the right to be born whether he/she is made out of love or
anything else. Doing abortion is doing a criminal act.
3. CLAIM OF VALUE
It is beyond facts and beyond policies but
surely appeals to your emotions and
justifications.
CLAIM OF VALUE
an argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or philosophy. It
is influentially stated by combining limited facts and proving
them as either good or bad by targeting the reader’s emotion.
It is also called claim of judgment because the reader has to
decide whether the argument or proposition is right or wrong or
has to be accepted or rejected.
If the argument challenges the decision
making or judgment leading to acceptance
or rejection of the reader, then it is
considered to be a claim of value.
Answer the three questions relative to the listed issues. Write
your answers on a separate sheet.
1. Bullying will never be right.
2. Security is more important than privacy.
3. In the midst of pandemic, restriction is much better than individual freedom.
4. Fake news is not worthy of our attention.
5. Discriminating our front liners who save our lives does not make sense.

A. Does it appeal to your judgment?

B. Is it right or wrong?
C. What type of claim is this?
Write the letter of the word which completes the statement.
Use a separate sheet.
1. Claim of value appeals to __________.
A. result
2. Words like good or __________ allow us to recognize claim of value. B. evaluation
3. Claim of value is also called __________ because it persuades the C. emotion
readers to D. bad
decide whether to value or not an argument. E. action
4. Morality, philosophy, belief, or __________ are references of claim of
F. Judgment
value. G. problem
H. Ethics
5. Acceptance and rejection must be done with claim of value after the
argument undergoes thorough comparison and __________.
On a separate sheet, write an acrostic poem about the essence of claim of value.

V-__________________________________________________________________.
A-__________________________________________________________________.
L-__________________________________________________________________.
U-__________________________________________________________________.
E-__________________________________________________________________.
REFERENCES

 https://www.comm.pitt.edu/argument-claims-reasons-evidence#:~:text=Claims%20are%20statements%20about%20what,
like%20the%20book%22%20is%20not
.
 https://students.tippie.uiowa.edu/sites/students.tippie.uiowa.edu/files/2022-05/effective_claims.pdf