Professional Documents
Culture Documents
! WARNING!
Safety Signals
Öhlins Racing AB cannot be held Installing a shock absorber, that is not
responsible for any damage to the shock In this manual, mounting instructions and approved by the vehicle manufacturer,
absorber or vehicle, or injury to persons, other technical documents, important infor- may affect the stability of your vehi-
if the instructions for installing and main- mation concerning safety is distinguished cle. Öhlins Racing AB cannot be held
tenance are not followed exactly. by the following notations: responsible for any personal injury or
Similarly the warranty will become damage that may occur after installing
null and void if the instructions are not ! the shock absorber.
followed.
The Safety alert symbol means: Warning! Please study and make certain that you
NOTE! Your safety is involved. fully understand this manual and the
Öhlins products are subject to continuous ! WARNING! mounting instructions before handling
improvement and development. Therefore, this shock absorber. If you have any
although these instructions include the most The Warning symbol means: Failure to follow questions regarding proper installation
up-to-date information available at the time warning instructions can result in severe or procedures or maintenance, please con-
of printing, there may be minor differences fatal injury to anyone working with, inspect- tact an Öhlins dealer.
between your shock absorber and this man- ing or using the shock absorber, or to
ual. Please consult your Öhlins dealer if you bystanders. Refer to the vehicle service manual when
have any questions regarding the contents of installing this shock absorber.
caution!
the manual.
The Caution symbol means: Special precau-
tions must be taken to avoid damage to the
Before riding the vehicle, always make shock absorber.
sure that the basic settings made by
Öhlins are correct. See the Mounting
instructions for recommended Set-up
NOTE!
data. Contact an Öhlins dealer if you The Note symbol indicates information that © Öhlins Racing AB. All rights reserved. Any reprinting or
have any questions about setting the is of importance regarding procedures. unauthorized use without the written permission of Öhlins Racing
shock absorber. AB is prohibited. Printed in Sweden.
1
Öhlins Racing AB
The Story
It was the 1970’s, a young man named Kenth You are now the owner of an Öhlins Shock The product that you now have in your pos-
Öhlin spent most of his spare time pursuing Absorber. More than one hundred World session is pure racing breed that is built to
his favourite sport: motocross. Championships and other major world withstand. By installing this shock absorber
A careful observer, Kenth’s attention titles are definitive proof that Öhlins shock on your vehicle you have made a clear state-
was continually drawn to one specific detail absorbers offer outstanding performance ment… you are a serious rider with a focus on
- motocross bikes had more engine power and reliability. getting the maximal handling ability and out-
than their suspension could handle. It was Every product has gone through rigorous standing feedback from your vehicle. Along
not long before Kenth realised that better testing and engineers have spent thousands comes the fact that your shock absorber will
performance could be achieved by improved of hours, doing their very best to use every be a long lasting friend, delivering the very
wheel suspension. possible experience from our 30 years within best of comfort and performance every time
the racing sport. you go for a ride.
Öhlins Racing was established in 1976, and
just two years later the company won its first Go explore!
World Championship title. Despite being in
the business for 30 years, the search for per-
fection and new functions is still the main
focus of the company.
2
Contents
pg
Before Installing 1
Öhlins Racing AB 2
The Öhlins Shock Absorber
Design 4
Function 5
Adjustments General 6
Spring Preload 7
Rebound and Compression 8
High and low speed Compression 9
Ride Height and Free Sag 10
Set Up Your Motorcycle 11
General Handling Set-up 12
Inspection and Maintenance 14
3
The Öhlins Shock Absorber
Design
Design
Most of Öhlins suspensions are a high pressure Pressurisation of the fluid is made with nitrogen. The more advanced models permit individual ad-
monotube type. The fluid is put under gas pres- The pressurisation prevents cavitation of the fluid justment of compression and rebound damping.
sure and the gas and the fluid are kept apart by and the shock absorbing action is therefore more Öhlins shock absorbers provide the possi-
a separating piston. The piston is usually fitted even. The external reservoir also contributes to bility of adjustment, making them adaptable to
in an external reservoir, connected by a hose better cooling of the fluid, giving longer service most motorcycles, riders and ranges of use. All
(Fig. 1.4) or fixed directly on top of the shock ab- life for the fluid as well as the components. of the shock absorbers with springs have adjust-
sorber (Fig 1.3). Öhlins shock absorbers with external rebound able preload of the spring action.
In some models everything is fitted inside the adjustment have an integrated temperature com-
main shock absorber (Fig 1.2). pensation. As the temperature increases, and the
A few shock absorbers are of emulsion type, fluid flows more easily, the flow is controlled ac-
oil and gas mixed inside the shock absorber cordingly. The shock absorbing effect is therefore
(Fig 1.1). independent of the temperature.
Separating
piston
Oil
Emulsion shock absorber Internal gas reservoir External piggyback External reservoir with hose
reservoir connection
4
The Öhlins Shock Absorber
Function
Function
Fluid is forced through needle valves at a low rate Fig 6 Flow through Fig 7 Flow through Fig 8 Shim stack
of flow (Fig 6) and through a number of orifices in needle valve piston
the piston (Fig 7) at a high rate of flow. The flow Stop washer
through these orifices is regulated by shims (thin
steel washers) that at high pressure are deflected
to open for the fluid. On most models the needle Shim stack
valve can be adjusted from the outside.
By altering the size of the shim-stack (Fig 8)
(i.e. number, thickness, diameter) the charac- Rebound
teristics of the damping action can be changed. flow Compression
This should only be done by an authorized Öhlins flow
service workshop. Piston
Compression damping
When movement of the motorcycle causes com-
pression of the shock absorber, the fluid flows
through the needle valve (combined compres-
sion and rebound valve) in the piston rod. If the
velocity of the compression movement is high, Rebound damping
i.e., in the case of rapid compression, this will not When the spring forces the shock absorber to
be sufficient and consequently the shims under- extend again, the fluid flows back through the
neath the piston will open to allow for a greater needle valve. The fluid flowing into the chamber
rate of flow. The fluid that is displaced by the vol- is forced by the pressure of the gas back into the
ume of the piston rod is forced into the external shock absorber via a separate non-return valve.
reservoir via a separate compression valve. The If the piston velocity is high, the shims on top of
separating piston is displaced, thus increasing the piston will also open to allow the fluid to flow
the gas pressure. through.
5
Adjustments
General
Spring
platform
nut Use a C-spanner or turn
A the spring by hand.
B
A - B = Spring preload
7
Adjustments
Rebound and Compression Damping
Rebound damping adjuster with screw. Compression damping adjuster with screw
9
Adjustments
Setting Ride Height and Free Sag
The spring preload is very important since it af- F1 Recommended Ride Height and Free Sag
fects the height of the motorcycle and the front If no recommendations are given in the Mounting
fork angle. Therefore, handling characteristics Instructions, use the following:
can be changed, even negatively. R1
10
Set Up Your Motorcycle
Front end falls into the corners (over-steering) Front end unstable during deceleration. Suspension bottoming, but can handle smaller
especially in sand. Front fork angle too steep during braking. bumps.
Steep front fork angle. Front end too low in Front end too low or rear end too high. Damping force not progressive enough.
comparison to rear end. • Increase the oil level in the front fork. • Increase the oil level.
• Increase the front fork • Change to harder fork springs.
compression damping. • Increase the front fork Can handle smaller bumps but is too hard
• Change to harder springs. compression damping. during the last part of the travel.
• Lower fork leg approximately Damping force is too progressive.
5 mm in the triple clamp. Front suspension • Decrease the oil level.
Front end ”ploughs”, understeers. Front fork travel is not used to its full capacity. Front end feels low, initially feels soft, but is
Shallow front fork angle. Front end too high in Harsh feeling, front wheel grip is not satisfac- not bottoming.
comparison to rear end. tory in bumpy turns. The initial spring rate is too soft or spring
• Decrease the front fork Suspension too hard. preload is too low.
compression damping. • Decrease the front fork • Increase the spring pre-load.
• Raise the fork legs approximately compression damping.
5 mm in the triple clamp. • Change to softer springs. Feels harsh over small bumps, but using full
• Change to softer fork springs. wheel travel.
Suspension bottoming, too soft during entire Too much spring pre-load or too much com-
Front end unstable at high speed, unstable pression damping.
travel.
when accelerating out of curves. • Increase the oil level or change
Spring too weak or compression damping too
Front fork angle too steep. Front end too low to softer springs.
soft.
in comparison to rear end. • Decrease the compression damping.
• Increase oil level 5 mm.
• Lower the fork legs approximately • Decrease the spring pre-load.
• Increase compression damping.
5 mm in triple clamp. • Clean the oil seals and scrapers. Use
• Change to stiffer springs.
• Change the front fork springs to hard Öhlins red grease 00146-01.
er ones.
12
General Handling Set-up
Trouble Shooting
Can handle the first in a series of bumps but Suspension is bottoming, feels soft during the edges, but can handle bumps with round
feels hard after a few more bumps. Frontal entire wheel travel. edges.
grip insufficient in rough and bumpy turns. Spring too soft, compression damping too Compression damping too hard.
Too much rebound damping. low. • Decrease the compression damping.
• Decrease the rebound damping. • Increase the compression damping.
• Change to harder spring. Rear end becomes too low in series of bumps.
Front end rebound too fast after a bump. Front Traction not satisfactory in washboard type
wheel grip insufficient in bumpy curves. Suspension is bottoming, feels harsh and sags curves or when decelerating on washboard
Not enough rebound damping, or too much down too much with the rider in the saddle. ground.
spring pre-load Spring too soft or compression damping too Rebound damping too slow.
• Increase the rebound damping. low. • Decrease the rebound damping.
• Decrease the spring pre-load. • Increase the spring pre-load,
check ride height: 95 ± 5 mm. Rear end very unstable. Shock absorber does
Rear suspension • Change to harder spring if the load is not respond to adjustments.
more than 100 mm. Shock absorber damping is gone, caused
Rear suspension stroke is not used to its full • Increase compression damping. by low gas pressure, bad oil is used, or compo-
capacity. Suspension feels harsh. Traction not nents are broken in the shock absorber. Service
satisfactory in bumpy curves. Rear wheel jumps over small bumps during is needed.
Suspension hard in general or too much com- deceleration or when going downhill. Traction • Gas filling required.
pression damping, too much spring pre-load. not satisfactory in washboard curves. • Change shock oil.
• Decrease the compression damping. Too much spring pre-load, as the spring is proba- • Repair the shock absorber.
• Decrease the rebound damping. bly too soft, will cause the spring to extend too fast.
• Change to softer spring. • Change to a harder spring in order to NOTE!
achieve a balanced position using less Recommended measures are not listed in order
spring preload. of importance. One of the listed measures can be
• Check the static sag and ride height. sufficient to solve a particular handling problem.
Rear end kicks up over bumps with sharp
13
Inspection and Maintenance
What and How Often?
14
www.ohlins.com