A study on the spatial structure of

houses in Kazuyoshi Sejima and

Nishizawa Ryu
Ki-Seok Lee 1 *

Abstract

This paper analyzes the house designs of Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue
Nishizawa from the early 2000s' works. By analyzing the extent of each
house using the Convex Map of the Space Syntax Theory, this study
arrived at the following conclusions in the respect of private space and
public space. First, from period 1 (the 1990s) to period 2 (the first half
of the 2000s), the differences between the average integration values
and the public space. In addition, there are two sets of values, which
are the degrees of integration and degrees of private and public
relations. public spaces have become similar, the boundary which
divides spaces becomes blurry. Second, in terms of private space,
average integration values of private space in S-3 (House in a Plum
Grove) and S-4 (House in China), works of period 2, works. We can
identify that, closure degrees of private space in their works have fallen
over time. I-5 (S-House), and I-6 (Weekend House), works of period 1,
are the highest among those values of their all 10 works. Public space
has become more central and open from period 1 to period 2. Key
Words: Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa, SANNA, Space Syntax
Theory works of period 2, are the highest values of their all 10
works. We can identify that, closure degrees of private space in their
works have fallen over time. I-5 (S-House), and I-6 (Weekend House),
works of period 1, are the highest among those values of their all 10
works. Public space has become more central and open from period 1
to period 2. Key Words: Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa, SANNA,
Space Syntax Theory works of period 2, are the highest values of their
all 10 works. We can identify that, closure degrees of private space in
their works have fallen over time. I-5 (S-House), and I-6 (Weekend
House), works of period 1, are the highest among those values of their
all 10 works. Public space has become more central and open from
period 1 to period 2. Key Words: Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa,
SANNA, Space Syntax Theory Their 10 works. Public space has become
more central and open from period 1 to period 2. Key Words: Kazuyo
Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa, SANNA, Space Syntax Theory Their 10
works. Public space has become more central and open from period 1
to period 2. Key Words: Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa, SANNA,
Space Syntax Theory
cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 5 pp. 3220-3230, 2014
Gyokseok 1 * 1 School of Architecture, Sun Moon University Analysis of the Spatial
Structure of Kazuyo Sejima & Ryue Nishizawa's House Designs
1 Division of Architecture, Sunmoon University Abstract This thesis deals with the housing
works of Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa from the 1900s to the early 2000s. Convex
Map of Space Syntax Theory was used to analyze the integration of each house space. The
following conclusions were drawn from the aspects of private space and public
space. First, it can be seen that the difference between the average values of the integration
of the private space and the public space becomes smaller as the house moves from the first
(1990s) to the second (early 2000s) housing. The average value of the integration of the
individual space is increased and the average value of the integration of the public spaces
is lowered, and the gap is narrowed as the house moves from the first house to the second
house. This shows that the integration of the private space and the public space Which
means that the boundaries of space division are becoming blurred. Second, from the
perspective of personal space, the integration of personal spaces in the second period
(House in a Plum Grove) and S-4 (House in China) Of the total. It can be seen that the
personal space tends to be more closed in the second period than in the first period. Third,
in terms of public space, integration of public spaces in I-2 (Villa in the Forest), I-5 (S-
House) and I-6 (Weekend House) The average value is the highest among the ten works.
* Corresponding Author: Ki-Seok Lee (Sunmoon Univ.) Tel: + 82-41-530-2367 Email:
lks21cc@sunmoon.ac.kr Received January 27, 2014 Revised (1st March 18, 2014, 2nd April
24, 2014 )
ISSN 1975-4701 / eISSN 2288-4688
Accepted May 8, 2014

1. Introduction

1.1 Background and Purpose of Study The interest of people in

housing has shifted from single-family homes to apartments in recent
years. It is necessary to study the concept of new space for single -
family house at the time of change of residential preference. Japanese
architect Kazuyo Sejima shows a different approach to the general
room in the role and composition of the room, which is considered the
basic unit of residential space. Among the well-known architects of
modern times who are developing their own spatial thoughts, I am
planning to work with Nishizawa Ryu, who is working with Japanese
female architect Kazuo Sejima, who is now receiving worldwide
attention with his new architectural language and design method, We
want to analyze. The existing study of Kazuyo Sejima was mostly about
the tendency of the exterior of the building and approach to the design
of the building. This study focuses on the spatial structure of Kazuo
Sejima and Nishizawa Ryu to pay attention to the spatial aspects of the
residence. In the first (1990s) and the second (early 2000s) works, We
will try to analyze quantitatively by using Space Syntax Theory. 1.2
Scope and Method of the Study This study covers single-family housing
projects among the projects that Kazuo Sejima has worked so far since
the 1990's. The scope of the work to be studied in this paper is to
include the work of Kazuyoshi Sejima and the work of SANNA Co -
Design Office, which is currently working with Ryoshi Nishizawa, and
the exact drawings of the works introduced in <EL Croquis> Analyze
the 10 works introduced. In Section 2, the concepts and methods of
spatial syntax, We examine the analysis elements by spatial syntax. In
Chapter 3, we analyze the characteristics of houses designed by Kazuo
Sejima and Ryuji Nishizawa through analysis of previous research. In
Chapter 4, the plan characteristics of the first (1990s) and second
(early 2000s) houses of the houses designed by Kazuo Sejima and
Ryuji Nishizawa were analyzed first, and the analysis of the integration
of the Convex Map Is quantitatively analyzed. Analysis program

We used the S3 Convex Analyzer v2.0 developed by Kazuo Sejima and

Nishizawa Ryu, which was developed by the Urban Space Research
Laboratory.

2. Space Syntax

2.1 Concepts and Methods of Space Syntax Space syntax is a spatial

analysis method that recognizes each space of a building as an
independent unit element and grasps the connection between them. In
order to investigate the spatial structure of the space structure
designed by Kazuo Seishima and Ryuji Nishizawa, this study focuses on
the Convex, which is easy to analyze spatial characteristics. Convex
Map is a method for describing the physical structure of space. It
divides the space in the building into the largest convex space and
expresses it as a set of unit blocks that can be directly accessed. It is
used to analyze the static characteristics based on the visual
completeness of the space and the inside of the building. The
connectivity, control value, and integration of space are used for spatial
analysis. In this study, only the degree of integration is analyzed
[ 1 ]. 2.2 Integration Integration is an index of how each space relates
to local neighboring space and total space, and is an average value of
the number of spaces that must be traversed to access another
space. In general, the degree of integration of each space in all spaces,
including not only the space to be analyzed but also surrounding areas,
is defined as the total degree of integration. The higher the total degree
of integration, the easier the approach is because there are fewer steps
from the arbitrary space to the space. Typically, if the value is less than
0.6, the separation is strong, closed, and noncentral. If it is more than 1
or close to 1, it is considered to be an integrated, central, and open
space [ 2 ].

3. Analysis of characteristics of SANAA

residential architecture

3.1 Changes in the process of compartmentalization of residential

spaces Shin Eun-ki and Bae-jin (2012), in "

Residental Space Research in SANAA", " Responding to the Changes

of the Modern Nuclear Family, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2014 SANAA" The
process of changing the composition of the room was examined as
follows for each piece of work [ 4]. 3.1.1 Stage 1: Relations between
private and public space in the 1990s The interest in the relationship
between the public space and the private space of the family is
constantly evident in the housing projects of the 1990s. However, there
are two approaches to this. The tendency is to maximize the difference
between the two spaces and gradually to avoid the difference between
the shared space of the family and the personal space of the family
members. These two aspects show the continuing interest in
establishing the relationship between family space and private space in
the 1990s, but they are seeking a new direction instead of a
confrontational relationship between these two spaces. It suggests the
composition of the rooms of the house. In the 1990s, the relationship of
the private rooms was interpreted as a relationship between the public
space and the private space of the family, and gradually became a
collection of multiple rooms of the same hierarchy. In the 2000s, the
range of these open spaces changed freely. The houses in this period do
not distinguish between open spaces and public spaces. In addition, the
definition of each open space is further subdivided into existing
occupancy units. And as a subdivided unit, the rooms emphasize its
presence by clearly revealing its independence in its
composition. However, the wall between them shows space division
and independence, but the opening in the wall creates a visual
connection between the spaces. In the plane view, it shows the
independence of the room like the diagram, but in the level of the
internal perceptual experience, it creates a connection with each other
and creates a double relation. In addition, the structure of the wall that
divides space and space is also minimized, revealing the partition
function and connection function of such a room at the same time. The
walls divide the space, but the separation between the spaces is
intended to be not rigid. 3.1.3 The third period: mid-2000s (free curves
and room formation)

In the mid-2000s, a free curve compared to the previous period

became active in Kazuyo Sejima's houses. In terms of the material as
well as the shape of the curves, the free curves of glass changed the
experience of the boundaries and privacy of the room as well as the
concept of the room. And the free curves that make up the boundaries
of these circles and houses overlap, creating more diffuse diffuse that
the glass curves make. These walls visually show each space as one
another, but they create a seemingly invisible relationship, thus
showing some degree of independence of space, but also connectivity
with other spaces. The duality between the room divisions shown in the
plan and the experiences of the actual residents can be seen in a similar
way to the relationship between the urban and the residential spaces of
the 1990s, And the connection of each individual room through
perceptual experience.

4. Analysis of planning characteristics and

integration of Kazuyoshi Sejima and Ryoshi
Nishizawa

4.1 Analysis of Plan Characteristics of the First and Second Houses In

this study, we limited the scope of the study to ten works by Kazuhiro
Sejima and Ryuji Nishizawa that corresponded to the first and second
period. The works of the third period are mostly the works introduced
as a proposal rather than the quasi-work, and the drawing and the
internal space are difficult to analyze the integration, so they are
excluded from this study. The first works planned in the 1990s are N-
House (1992), Villa in the Forest (1992-1994), Y-House (1993-1994),
M-House (1996- 1997), S-House (1997), and Weekend House (1997-
1998). The general planning characteristics are as follows. Although N-
House (1992) is mainly used as a residential area, the size of this site is
about 1,000 square meters. The required functions and rooms are big
compared to ordinary houses. The client's requirements include:
entrance hall with driveway, orchard, living room for parties, a room
that can also be used for an independent living room, three
independent rooms for children, spare rooms, two foreign cars

A garage, a bedroom with a garden view, a toilet and makeup room

with a workout area, a guest reception area for business use, a walk-in
closet that holds hundreds of clothes, and other storage spaces. The
owner of Villa in the Forest (1992-1994) was a gallery housewife who
expected this place to be a studio with a living space and an exhibition
space for artist works. The more demanding conditions required two
bedrooms, a viewable toilet, and direct access from the road to the
home. Among the two circles, the center circle is a studio and an
exhibition space, with plenty of natural light coming from the sky. The
main part of the ring includes kitchens, restaurants and bedrooms. Y-
House (1993-1994) created two large terrace spaces on both sides,
which are necessary to form relationships with neighboring buildings
in the future. In terms of construction, private spaces such as
bedrooms and toilets are located on the first floor. The open living
room is located on the second floor and the guest room is formed as a
floating structure on a large space. The rooms on the first floor are
directed towards the terrace, while the upper floor spaces are kept open
to the outside, visually surrounded by the trees in the garden. In the
case of M-House (1996-1997), the client's requirements include living
room, dining room, kitchen, studio, bedroom, tatami room, futuristic
children room, two toilets, two studios (each husband and wife) It is a
garage for two vehicles. Due to the nature of the owner 's business,
there are many visitors, and the wide space where the party can be held
is considered. The size of the divided land is about 200m2. Since the
south side faces the road, the exterior of the building must be facing
inward while protecting the privacy of the space. The approach adopted
by the architects was to ensure adequate vertical distance from the
roads and surrounding buildings by perforating the entire surface. In
particular, the rooms, guest rooms, parking lots, and other prominently
independent spaces are located at the road level, while the kitchens,
studios, and other open spaces are located at the ground level with the
introduction of photoperiods that are filtered one by one. This
arrangement provides privacy and at the same time ensures a
comfortable space with plenty of light and ventilation. The owner of S-
House (1997) was not a house for one generation but needed a house
for two generations to live at the same time. The six members of the
generation are parents, two children and grandchildren. It's a whole
family gathered together

Kazuyo Sejima and Nishizawa Ryu are able to conduct research on

the spatial structure of houses and have a large living room where they
can talk generations, separate rooms for each member, main room and
toilet for each couple. Differing lifestyles require privacy for each cuple
and each room is required to maintain some distance from the other
rooms. Nevertheless, it was also required that the family gather and
live together and that a sense of unity would work. The rooms are
located on the first floor of the core, while the single room used for
living and dining purposes is on the second floor. The corridors can be
defined as 'semi-external spaces', which act as buffer zones connecting
all rooms and simultaneously protecting each room from violent
external heat and cold. The requirement of the Weekend House (1997-
1998) is that it should include space for exhibiting the work of the artist
daughter of the owner. Because the area around this site is actually a
non-resident area, safety windows have been created with outward-
facing windows, for which reason they have been planning a house of
the courtyard type. The whole house is composed of a repeating frame
unit based on 2.4m, which divides the independent spaces by the
insertion of three light gardens. These light gardens not only allow
daylight and ventilation, but also use the reflections of glass walls and
ceilings to create the effect of filling the interior, including the green
exterior. The following are the second works planned in the early
2000s: Small-House (1999-2000), House in Kamakura (1999-
2001) House in a Plum Grove (2003), and House in China
(2003-). Since the site of Small-House (1999-2000) is an extremely
small site, the architect thought it should be very unique, the architect
divides the house into four spaces and distributes it to the four-story
slab, . Structurally open staircase cores are the major load bearing
elements. A soft partition was used to further divide the four main
spaces. The four main functions are a bedroom, a spare room for
children, an LDK space and a terrace with a bathtub, all of which are
laid out in a plane for the family's precise needs. The slab size and
location Lt; / RTI & gt;
Journal of the Korean Academy of Industrial Science, Vol.15 No. 5,
2014 [Table 1] The Initial Stage (Period 1): Kazuyo Sejima & Ryue
Nishizawa's Works No. NAME YEAR IMAGE & PLAN
I-1 N-House 1992 ▪The required functions and house areas are large
by comparison with the usual houses. ▪The client required an entrance
courtyard / driveway, an orchard, a living room for parties, a master
bedroom which could also be used as a separate living room, three
private bedrooms for the children, The hotel is located in the heart of
the city. The hotel is located in the heart of the business district, a short
walk to the beach, for household items.
Villa in the I-2 1992-1994 Forest
▪The client is a gallery owner and so this place is expected to become
a studio with a living space and display areas for artists'
works. ▪Further requirements are: two bedrooms, a bathroom with a
good view, and direct car access from the road the house.
I-3 Y-House 1993-1994
▪In compositive terms, the private rooms are located on the first
floor. ▪ A spacious living room is placed on the second floor, and the
guest room is floated in the huge space.
I-4 M-House 1996-1997
▪The client's requirements are a living roon, dining room, kitchen,
studio, master bedroom, Japanese room (guest room), a children's
room for the future, two bathrooms, two studios for the husband and
wife) and a two-car parking space.
I-5 S-House 1997
▪The client needed the house only for a single family but for two
families at the same time: six members which can be interpreted as two
families: parents, two children and their grandparents.
I-6 Weekend House 1997-1998
▪ As the area around the site is virtually uninhabited, few external
windows were preferred for security reasons, which led to the choice of
a courtyard-type house. ▪The whole house is made from a repeating
framed units based on a 2.4m sided, grid divided into separate spaces
by the insertion of three light courts.
Table 2] The Secondary Stage (Period 2): Kazuyo Sejima & Ryue
Nishizawa's Works No. 2 NAME YEARS-1 Small-House 1999-2000
▪There will be three occupants of this house: child, wife, and
husband. ▪They ask for their house to include a terrace, a large living-
dining area, bedrooms and a spare room. ▪Architect gave each of the
four types of requested spaces a floor level, and took the approach of
stacking them on the small site.
House in S-2 1999-2001 Kamakura
▪The plan was transformed to a parallelogram in order to keep the
same distance from both sides, while keeping the front and back facing
the street and forest. ▪ The building consists of a story volume with a
basements. ▪The ground floor includes the living room, private
function such as study and bed-room are placed on the second floor.

House in a S-3 Plum Grove 2003 ▪This is a small house for a young
couple, their two children and a grandmother. ▪Architect has
minimized the volume and arranged in the center of the site to preserve
the periphery of trees. ▪While the multiple spaces are defined
geometrically, they are also interconnected with openings to each
other. ▪The building is neither a cluster of small rooms, nor one big
room, but establishes something in between.

S-4 House in China 2003- ▪This is one of the houses made as a

prototype: a one-story house with a total floor space of
600m2. ▪Architect make 40 rooms in total and arrange them all on one
floor. ▪The large number of rooms facilitates multiple functions, such
as a living room, a bedroom, a library, a tea room, a study room, a
greenhouse for gardening, a courtyard with swimming pool, living
room where you can dance, and party gathering etc. ▪Architect is
intending to create a house in which the client may expand the
lifestyles by having ample space with various size and
characteristics. The area where House in Kamakura (1999-2001) is
located is surrounded by rich green landscapes. Neighboring houses
are arranged slightly sloping against the road. Therefore, the planes
were transformed into planar deformations to maintain the same
distance from both sides, while facing the roads and forests to the front
and back. Large living room and bedroom,
A study on spatial structure analysis of houses in Kazuyoshi Sejima and
Nishizawa Ryu. This building consists of two floors including the
basement. The ground floor includes a living room, private functions
such as study and bedroom are located on the second floor, and the
basement functions as a storage space. House in a Plum Grove (2003)
is a house for young couples who have two children and a single
mother. This site has a plum tree in a quiet residential area in the
outskirts of Tokyo.
Journal of the Korea Academia - Industrial cooperation Society
Volume 15, Issue 5, 2014. What family members ask for home is to
make them feel like a connected space. And as much as possible to
preserve the landscape and later to be able to enjoy unique plum
trees. Architects reduced the volume of the building and placed the
building in the center of the site to preserve the perimeter of the
trees. In a typical residential project, there is a fixed relationship
between the number of members and the number of rooms. However,
even if multiple spaces are geometrically limited, they also interact
with each other with the openings. This building is neither a set of
many small rooms nor a big room. But something is happening
between them. Many spaces and openings provided residents with
freedom to create new relationships between rooms and
functions. House in China (2003-) is one of the prototypes of one of the
300 detached houses in Tianjin, China, by Yamamoto Riken. It is a
single storey building with a total floor area of 600m2. This house is a
very large area compared to ordinary Japanese houses. So the architect
tried to maximize the use of these 600 square meters of
space. Actually, the architect made 40 rooms in total and arranged
them on one floor. Many of these rooms work with a variety of
functions. It has a living room, a bedroom, a library, a study room with
a quiet garden, a greenhouse with a garden, a courtyard with a
swimming pool, exercise facilities, sauna, music room, movie room,
And congestion space.5 ] 4.2 Integration of the first and second houses
The analysis of the spatial integration of each house through the
Convex Map of the analytic space syntax is as follows. The first house is
given a number after I, and the second house is numbered after S, so
that it is time-based [Table 3, 4]. In the first stage of the integration of
the first house, only the living space (L) is the space where the
integrated figure is over 1 in I-1 (N-House). This shows that living room
space is the most open. Each room (R) has a degree of integration
ranging from 0.42 to 0.73

The closeness of the room is good. I-2 (Villa in the Forest) is a

relatively open space with 5 integrated spaces with a total figure of 1 or
more. The spaces having a numerical value of 1 or more are spaces such
as a passage (P), a staircase (S), a kitchen (K), and a multipurpose
room (M). The degree of integration of each room (R) ranged from 0.57
to 0.73, and the degree of closure was good. In the I-3 (Y-House), the
space with the integrated figure of 1 or more is the staircase (S) and the
passage (P) Each room (R) is in the range of 0.35 to 0.75 and has good
closure. I-4 (M-House) does not have a space with an integration figure
of more than 1 as a whole. This means that the overall space is planned
to be closed. Especially, the degree of integration of each room (R)
ranged from 0.38 to 0.61. In the I-5 (S-House), spaces where the
degree of integration exceeds 1 are mainly passage (P) and staircase (S)
spaces. The degree of integration of each room (R) ranged from 0.48 to
0.90, and each room had a large gap in closeness. I-6 (Weekend
House) is a living room (L) and a passage (P) space where the degree of
integration exceeds 1. The degree of integration of each room (R) is in
the range of 0.45 to 0.71 and shows good closure. In the second stage,
S-1 (Small-House) is only the staircase (S) where the integrated figure
exceeds 1. The degree of integration of each room (R) ranged from 0.47
to 0.62, showing a satisfactory degree of closeness. House in Kamakura
is a relatively closed house like the I-4 (M-House) described above
because there is no space with more than 1 integrated figure. The
staircase (S) is 0.88 to 0.94, and the double-deck study (M) is 0.94,
which is a high degree of openness. It is considered that there is a
problem in the arrangement of the planar function that the study space
is placed at a place with a high degree of opening. S-3 (House in a Plum
Grove) is a staircase (S) and a pathway (P) space with an integrated
degree of more than one. It is a space with a high degree of opening of
1.01 ~ 1.27. Each room (R) has a degree of integration ranging from
0.51 to 0.91. S-4 (House in China) is the living room (L) and the
passage (P) space where the degree of integration exceeds 1. Each room
(R) has a range of 0.51 ~ 0.97, which is similar to the I-5 (S-House)
described above.
A study on the spatial structure of houses in Kazuyo Sejima and
Nishizawa Ryu [Table 3] Integration and Analysis Results I-1 (N-
House) I-2 (Villa in the Forest) I-3 -House) INTEGRATION
1 M 0.760385 1 B1 0.549383 1 R1 0.535730 1 St1 0.441201 2 B1
0.474048 2 B1 0.708240 2 R1 0.681839 2 St2 0.441201 3 B1 0.409016
3 B1 0.691576 3 R1 0.535730 3 R1 0.532136 4 P1 0.470114 4 M1
0.773473 4 B1 0.625019 4 B1 0.380928 5 G 0.470114 5 P1 0.877372 5
P1 0.865411 5 B1 0.446858 6 B2 0.569333 6 S 1.175679 6 P2 1.022758
6 P1 0.622409 7 R1 0.569337 7 B1 0.625019 7 S1 0.704139 8 R2
0.569333 8 P3 0.645977 8 R2 0.459198 8 St3 0.425060 9 R3 0.486255
9 P4 0.691576 9 R2 0.750023 9 G 0.508831 A 10 P2 0.703710 10 B2
0.466539 10 R2 0.606172 11 P3 0.581012 11 S 0.979732 11 L 0.803596
11 P2 0.528105 n 12 P4 0.575114 12 P5 0.576313 12 P3 0.625019 12 R2
0.387277 a 13 S1 0.826988 13 B2 0.734799 13 B2 0.500015 13 R2
0.455620 14 P5 0.490465 14 B2 0.576313 14 B2 0.409103 14 B2
0.343398 l 15 S1 0.985194 15 M2 1.130460 15 D 0.608126 15 R3
0.449741 y 16 R4 0.750314 16 P6 0.716877 16 K 0.478738 16 K
0.458617 17 R4 0.605868 17 P7 1.031297 17 R3 0.450014 17 S1
0.792157 s 18 R4 0.503544 18 P8 0.877372 18 P4 0.562517 18 L1
0.557678 I 19 P6 0.921117 19 K 1.130460 19 M 0.441190 19 P3
0.683429 20 K 0.936342 20 P9 0.963671 20 S 1.022758 20 B3
0.657640 s 21 L 1.192604 21 P10 0.827943 21 S 0.978290 21 P4
0.683429 22 P7 0.558115 22 P11 0.963671 22 S 0.725828 22 P5
0.882403 R 23 P8 0.781361 23 P12 0.744100 23 P6 0.850120 24 P9
0.654898 24 R1 0.565230 24 P7 0.801262 e 25 P10 0.952079 25 R1
0.734799 25 R4 0.611489 s 26 B3 0.503544 26 R2 0.716877 26 P8
0.622409 27 B3 0.605868 27 S2 0.697098 u 28 R5 0.730951 28 L2
0.501509 l 29 B4 0.587033 29 B2 0.396078 30 R5 0.494748 t 31 R5
0.593180 32 S2 0.968354 33 P11 0.678427 34 P12 0.552670 35 R6
0.569333 36 R6 0.552670 37 B5 0.418071 38 R6 0.486255 39 R6
0.418071 40 S2 0.803527 * L: living room, R: room, K: kitchen, D:
dining room, B: bathroom, M: multi-use room, P: passage, G: garage *:
Intergration ≥ 1 *: room
I-5 (S-House) 1 R1 2 R1 3 St1 4 L1 5 L1 6 P1 7 P2 8 P3 9 P4 10 R2 11 R2
12 R2 13 B1 14 B1 15 R3 16 R3 17 R3 18 S19 L2 20 P5 21 P6 22 K 23 S 24
P7 25 P8 26 P9 27 B2 28 P100.584212 0.741752 0.474935 0.880212
0.653623 0.985312 0.815011 1.015629 1.294430 0.758804 0.481868
0.594738 0.628723 0.741752 0.680576 0.904328 0.536715 1.158174
0.880212 0.694904 0.687666 0.666827 1.015629 0.550133 0.564239
0.680576 0.461650 0.653623 15 (5), 2014 [Table 4] Integration &
Analysis Results (Continued) I-6 (Weekend S-2 (House in S-1 House)
Kamakura) INTEGRATION
1 L 1.146098 1 R1 0.583190 1 K 0.439337 2 R1 0.712439 2 R1
0.469397 2 P1 0.573049 3 D 0.976305 3 P1 0.740203 3 S 0.878675 4
P1 0.585783 4 B1 0.549865 4 L 0.599096 5 K 0.732229 5 S 0.916442 5
P2 0.462460 6 P2 0.573049 6 S 1.132075 6 P3 0.462460 7 P3 0.753150
7 R2 0.620816 7 P4 0.775301 8 St 0.446784 8 R2 0.493469 8 R
0.506928 A 9 R2 0.585783 9 P2 0.836751 9 P5 0.599096 10 P4
0.850330 10 P3 0.620816 10 P6 0.732229 n 11 B1 0.613029 11 L
0.601415 11 S 0.941437 a 12 B1 0.462460 12 S 1.069182 12 P7 0.599096
13 P5 1.146098 13 L 0.801887 13 P8 0.732229 l 14 P6 0.798795 14 P4
0.601415 14 B1 0.454487 y 15 R3 0.585783 15 DK 0.481132 15 B1
0.527205 16 R3 0.446784 16 S 0.801887 16 M 0.941437 s 17 P5
0.493469 I 18 P6 0.400943 19 B2 0.620816 s 20 B1 0.384906 R esult *
L: living room, R: room, K: kitchen, D: dining room,passage, S: stair
room, St: storage, Te: terrace *: Intergration ≥ 1 *: room
S-3 (House in a Plum Grove) S-4 (House in China) 1 S 2 P1 3 P2 4 B1 5
R1 6 St1 7 L 8 P3 9 K 10 R2 11 S 12 M1 13 R3 14 R3 15 St2 16 M2 17 R4
18 S 19 B2 20 M3 21 M4 22 Me 23 Te1.179415 1 P1 0.792721 2 D
0.636263 3 G 0.498516 4 K 0.509011 5 St1 0.416862 6 P2 0.700812 7
R1 1.007417 8 P3 0.700812 9 P4 0.779936 10 P5 1.272526 11 B1
0.653460 12 L1 0.912377 13 P6 0.671611 14 M1 0.519957 15 P7
0.819593 17 P9 0.986857 18 P10 0.690800 19 R2 0.755563 20 B2
0.474078 21 B3 0.474078 22 B3 0.596988 23 L2 24 P11 25 R3 26 B4 27
P12 28 P13 29 St2 30 R4 31 R4 & Lt; tb & gt; & lt; SEP & gt;0.0 & gt;

4.3. Personal space and common use of the first and

second houses The integration of the private space and
public spaces in the analysis of spatial integration in the
first (1990s) houses and the second (early 2000s) houses
In order to compare the integration figures in terms of the
private space and the public space by analyzing the trends,
the private spaces are divided into rooms, rooms, toilets,
and restrooms as follows: First, To calculate the average
value, the integration values of the rooms, excluding the
rooms of the individual rooms, were compared. In the case
of all the houses, all the rooms had an integration degree
of 1 or less The integration of the liver was also averaged
and compared [Table 1]. However, in the three houses of I-
5 (S-House), S-3 (House in 5) [Fig. 1] and Plum Grove in S-
4 Table 5 Average Integration Values Room, which is not
planned to be closed all but planned to have openness with
various relationships with other rooms depending on
functions and usage. In order to find out the spaces with
high degree of integration on the side of public space, we
compare the spaces with the degree of integration of 1 or
more as follows. I-1 (N-House) is the only house where the
space with the integrated figure of 1 or more is 'living
room'. This is because it was planned as a living space that
accommodates various functions such as parties according
to the requirements of the client. There are two houses, I-6
(Weekend House) and S-4 (House in China), where the
space with the integrated figure of 1 or more is 'living
room' and 'passage'. Although the two houses are different
in size, they are similar to each other in spatial
structure. I-3 (Y-House), I-5 (S-House) and S-3 (House in a
Plum Grove) are three houses admit. These houses are two
or three storey houses with stairwells and passageways
that are planned to have a relatively high open
space. However, since S-1 (Small-House) has a spatial
structure similar to those of the above three houses, but
the space where the degree of integration is 1 or more is
only a 'building room', this house is a more central and
open space Able to know. It can be seen that I-4 (M-House)
and S-2 (House in Kamakura) have integrated values of
less than 1 in all the spaces, which is lower than other
houses. Especially [Fig. 1] Average Integration Values In
the case of I-4 (M-House), the integration figure is planned
to be 0.39, and the spatial depth of the rooms of the
studied houses is deeper than the first house It can be seen
that the room is planned. It can be seen that the interval of
the initial average value is getting narrower in the second
stage houses because the integration of the private space
and the public spaces in the second house is considering
the surroundings and the privacy is
increased. Particularly, it can be seen that it is related to
the intention of the second plan. In the S-3 and S-4 houses.

Kazuhiro Sejima and Nishizawa Ryu,

Division

I-1

I-2
 I-3

I-4

I-5

Room

0.56384 0.6723 0.56992 0.48725 0.66037

Bathroom

0.50956 0.62114 0.53979 0.44498 0.61071

Public Space 0.74313 0.91209 0.73948 0.62143 0.80418 (B)

BA

0.19829 0.27389 0.18051 0.15531 0.15735

Division

I-6

S-1

S-2

S-3

S-4

Room

0.5827 0.54172 0.50693 0.73851 0.69184

Room + Bath 0.56771 0.53178 0.49621 0.69741 0.64157 room (A)

Bathroom

0.53774 0.51853 0.49085 0.59466 0.56976

BA

0.23315 0.19881 0.17578 0.04837 0.14793

Journal of Korea Academic Society of claim 15 No. 5, came in 2014 the
second phase houses becomes the boundary between private space and
public space hohae model, quantitative that trying a new relationship
between the two spaces .

5. Conclusion
In the analysis of the housing works of Kazuo Seishima and Nishizawa
Ryu by the spatial map of Convex Map of each house, it is found that
the space of the first house and the second house, Conclusions were
drawn. First, it can be seen that the difference in the average value of
the integration between the private space and the public space becomes
smaller as the house moves from the first (1990s) to the second (the
2000s) housing. The average value of the integration of the individual
spaces increased from the first house to the second house, and the
average value of the integration of the public spaces decreased, and the
gap tended to narrow. The integration of the private space and the
public space And the boundary of the space division becomes
blurred. Second, from the perspective of personal space, the
integration of private spaces (rooms + toilets) in S-3 (House in a Plum
Grove) and S-4 (House in China) The average values are 0.69741 and
0.64157, respectively, which is the highest among the ten works. It can
be seen that the personal space tends to be more closed in the second
period than in the first period. Third, in terms of public space, public
space (room + space) in I-2 (Villa in the Forest), I-5 (S- And the rest of
the rooms excluding the restrooms) have the highest values of the ten
works with the average values of 0.91209, 0.80418 and 0.80086
respectively. It can be seen that the public spaces tend to be more
central and open to the first works than the second ones.

References
 [1] Kim, Duck-Kyu, Kim, Kyoung-Yon, Yoon, Seong-Kyu, Jun,
Byung-Kweon, "A Spatial Structure Analysis of Alvar Aalto's
Housing Layouts", Proceeding of the Autumn Annual Conference
of the Architectural Institute of Korea v.33, n.2, 2013.10
 [2] Joo, Yeoung-Tae, "A Study on the Characteristics and the
Vitalizations of the Pilot in Apartment Housing", paper of Ph.D,
Korea University, 2003
 [3] Kim, Kyung-Hee, Park, Chan-Il, "A Study on Characteristics of
Kazuyo Sejima's Design Based on Analysis of Spacial Thinking
Expressed in the Projects", Proceeding of Autumn Annual
Conference of Korean Institute of Interior Design v.11 , n2, 2009.10
 [4] Cinn, Eun-Gee, Baek, Jin, "A Study on SANAA's Domestic Spaces
for Modern Nuclear Family", Journal of The Architectural Institute
of Korea v28, n.8, 2012.8
 [5] EL Croquis 77 [I] +99, Kazuyo Sejima 1983-2000, Ryue
Nishizawa 1995-2000, 2000
 [6] EL Croquis 121/122, SANAA, Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa
1998-2004, 2004
 [7] EL Croquis 139, SANAA, Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa 2004-
2008, 2008
 [8] EL Croquis 155, SANAA, Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa 2008-
2011, 2011

• February, 2013: Ph.D., Architectural Engineering, Graduate School,

Hongik University • March, 2009: Present: Professor, Dept. of
Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Architectural Design,
Architectural Planning, Environment-friendly Design
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