The Production of Fermentable Sugar from

Waste Durian Peel (Durio zibethinus L.) Through

the Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment
and Subsequent Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
Durian Peel

Chutrakulwong et al. (2020)

Why Durian Peel?
Out of all the other waste products, durian possesses a
high cellulose content of around 60%. Biomass that
contains a high cellulose content has the potential to
generate value-added products. This waste durian peel has
the potency to convert to advanced biofuels such as
bioethanol because given that we can yield a higher sugar
recovery because of its high cellulose content. Durian
peel waste is also being studied for material-based
products only and solid catalysts for bioethanol. Due to its
composition (potential for bioethanol production) and
given that it is from a waste agricultural residue, we
decided to test the potentiality of this raw material.
Durian Chemical Compositions
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
OBJECTIVES
To determine the proximate analysis of Durian Peel
Waste (moisture content, ash content, total volatile
matter, and fixed carbon).

To examine the most favorable conditions while

assessing the effects of time and factor
concentration on the sugar recovery response
variable during hydrolysis.

To evaluate the efficacy of AHP pretreatment by

comparing the total reducing sugar recovery of
untreated and pretreated biomass (PDPW).
Lignocellulosic Biomass
 Why Pretreatment?
The pretreatment process is an essential factor in the
production of lignocellulosic biomass. According to Obeng
et al. (2021), durian is an LB and has a low biodegradability
because of its complex fibrous structure. The high lignin
content prevents the hydrolysis process from accessing
cellulose since cellulose is embedded in it. As a result,
delignification is required to recover more cellulose from
the biomass. The AHP pretreatment is effective since it
significantly degrades the lignin. Several studies presented
in this chapter removed almost 70% of the lignin.
Why Pretreatment?
Why AHP Pretreatment?

As argued by Yuan et al. (2018), the AHP

pretreatment can be carried out at relatively
low concentrations and temperatures. These
mild conditions lead to low concentration of
inhibitors, which negatively affects the
subsequent hydrolysis. Additionally, the
chemical used is commercially available and
eco-friendly.
Why AHP Pretreatment?
Why Dilute Acid Hydrolysis?

Dilute acid hydrolysis appears to be more

advantageous as they are utilized in industrial scale
and have been studied for hydrolyzing a wide
variation of biomass (Xu & Huang, 2014). Furthermore
it uses low acid concentration, low costs of raw
material, low impact on the environment, and simple
waste processing disposal (Chen, 2015).
Why Dilute Acid Hydrolysis?
DATA COLLECTING PROCEDURE

Preparation of the Determination of Total

Alkaline Hydrogen
Durian Peel Waste Reducing Sugar
Peroxide Pretreatment
(DPW) Recovery

Characterization of the
Durian Peel Waste Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
TAGUCHI METHOD
WHY NEED TO CHARACTERIZED
THE BIOMASS?

Characterization of biomass is essential to establish its

capability for bioethanol production. In natural
lignocellulosic waste, 65% to 85% are volatile matter.
0.1% to 10% correspond to the total ash of the sample.
The fixed carbon can represent 15% to 25% of the biomass
(García et al.; 2012; Nakashima et al., 2017).
MATERIALS
Biomass: Waste Durian Peel

Pretreatment: Hydrogen Peroxide; Deionized

and Distilled Water; Sodium Hydroxide

Hydrolysis: Sulfuric Acid

Reducing Sugar Determination: Mannose;

Dinitrosalicylic acid; Crystalline phenol;
Rochelle Salt
AVAILABLE EQUIPMENTS
The possible equipments to be used for this research can be
found on the Engineering Laboratories.

Tray Dryer Dessicator

10-mesh aluminum sieve Incubator

Muffle Furnace Electric Oven

Water Bath (Memmert WNB 7) Spectroquant Spectrophotometer (Pharo 300)

Refrigerator Grinding Machine

Industrial Blender Analytical Balance

POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS
ESTIMATED BUDGET
OBJECTIVE 1
OBJECTIVE 2
OBJECTIVE 2
OBJECTIVE 3

At optimum condition identified in objective 2, the

pretreated & unpretreated will undergo DAH again
to compare the total reducing sugar recovery.
Thank You