PSE 1- LO C AL GO VERNMENT IN THE

PHILIPPINES

12 Featuresof Local
Governments
IVERSON PINEDA | GABRIELLA CABANG | VINA BODUAN
| NICOLLE TORRES | PRINCESS PRINCIPE
→CAN CONGRESS
PROVIDE FOR A
FEDERAL FORM
OF GOVERNMENT?
VINA BODUAN
(1) LGUsare Subdivisions
o Unitary, not federal, form of government

o LGUs are political and territorial

subdivisions of one Unit (i.e., State)

o LGUs are intra-sovereign subdivisions of

one sovereign nation (not “Imperium in
Imperio,” not Independent Sub-National
Units)
→CAN CONGRESS PROVIDE
FOR THE AUTONOMOUS
R E G I O N O F B I C O L ? DECLARE
THE SITIO AS THE BASIC POLITICAL
UNIT?
VINA BODUAN
(2) 5 Levels/ Typesof LGUs
o Identified in the 1987 Constitution
(cannot + or – through ordinary legislation)

Levels:
1. Autonomous Region (ARs) [Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]
2. Provinces (in and out of ARs)
3. Cities (Component; Independent and Highly
Urbanized)
4. Municipalities (Component and 1 Independent)
5. Barangays (Basic, Component)
→CAN THE PRESIDENT
SUSPEND A MAYOR?
→CAN A PROVINCIAL
COUNCIL DECLARE ILLEGAL
A CITY ORDINANCE?
GABRIELLA CABANG
H I E R A R C H Y / R E LAT I O N S H I P
→IS A MANILA CITY A
CORPORATION LIKE THE
MANILA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT AUTHORITY?
GABRIELLA CABANG
(3)LGUsare Public Corporations
o Municipal Corporation Proper
o Administrative Agency
o Public Office

Elements:
1. Name
2. Corporate Succession
3. Inhabitants
4. Area
5. Corporate Powers
6. Juridical Personality
→CAN THE PRESIDENT
C R E AT E A C I T Y ?
→CAN A MUNICIPALITY
C R E AT E A B A R A N G A Y ?
GABRIELLA CABANG
(4)LGU Creation a Legislative Act
o Congress can create Provinces, Cities,
Municipalities and Barangays
o Provinces and Cities can create Barangays
o Congress sets the requirements

Process:
1. Creation (law or ordinance)
2. Incorporation (approval in a plebiscite)
3. Corporate Existence (qualification of elective
officials)
→CAN MANILA LEVY
BUSINESS TAX OVER A
STORE IN PASAY ?
→CAN THE 2 CITIES
COLLABORATE?
GABRIELLA CABANG
(5)Intramural Powers
o Territorial subdivisions

o Exercise powers within the territory

o May collaborate with other LGUs and

Administrative Agencies
→CAN LLDA DEMOLISH FISH

PENS WITH MUNICIPAL

BUSINESS PERMITS?

→CAN MMDA REQUIRE P R I V AT E

SUBDIVISIONS TO ALLOW NON-

RESIDENTS TO USE THEIR ROADS?

NICOLLE CARLOS
(6)Integration isIndispensable
o National Development – Local Development connect (indispensability)

o Centralization – Decentralization mix

o National vs. Local Issues/ NGA vs. LGU Conflict-Resolution:

1. Follow the law
2. Absent a law:
a) National Dimension Rule
b) Local Dimension Rule/ Subsidiarity

o Integration
1. Zoning Plans
2. Development Plans
3. Environmental Protection
4. Boundary Disputes
 LGU Triumphed National Victorious
o DENR (ordinance) o DENR (forestry laws)
o DBM (allowance, budget officer) o LTO/ LTFRB (licensing)
o COA (RATA) o HLURB (national projects)
o DENR (oil depots) o COA (additional allowance)
o DOJ (tax ordinance) o NTC (cable TV franchise)
o Regulate telecoms tower (NTC) o DAR (conversion)
o Higher LGU (review) o GAB (jai alai frontons)
o DAR (reclassify, expropriation) o LLDA (fish pens, dumpsite)
o DILG (barangay liga) o BCDA (creation of Zone)
o OP (IRA) o PAGCOR (casinos)
o DOF (RPC/ LGC) o PCSO (lotto outlets)
o BOI (6-year exemption) o PRC (profession)
o MMDA (subdivision, driver’s licenses, o MMDA (number coding-scheme
dumpsite; terminals; review for buses is within rule-making
ordinances) authority)
o NAPOCOR (voltage cables) o LWUA (water districts)
o DSWD (devolved personnel) o DPWH (city engineer)
o Congress (IRA, amend Organic Act) o CSC (dismissal)
o Province relative to HUC (rotating o OP (discipline)
appointment for water districts) o Congress (jai alai franchise)
o Zoning/ “Photobomber” building
→CAN A CITY CONTRACT A
PRIVATE COMPANY FOR
ITS TAX COLLECTION? FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION AND
O P E R AT I O N O F B R I D G E ?
NICOLLE CARLOS
(7)Dual Capacity of LGUs
a) 2 Capacities
1. Governmental or Public
2. Proprietary or Private

b) Relevance
1. Delegability
2. Liability for Death, Injury or
Damage (distinction relevant before
the 1991 Local Government Code)
 N O C O N TA C T
APPREHENSION CITY FORMULA
→WHO IS THE
“BOSS”/PRINCIPAL
OF LGUs?
PRINCESS PRINCIPE
(8)Dual Agency of LGUs
o Agent of State in performance of Governmental
/ Public functions

o Agent of the People/ Community in exercise

of Proprietary/ Private functions

o Delegates

o Subordinate Legislation
→WHEN SUED, CAN A
PROVINCE CLAIM THAT
IT IS IMMUNE FROM
SUIT LIKE THE STATE?

→WHO IS LIABLE FOR

ILLEGAL DISMISSAL OF
A N L G U E M P L O Y E E ? PRINCESS PRINCIPE
(9)Dual Accountability
I) Corporate Accountability and Liability
1. Not immune from suit
2. Depending on circumstances, liable for acts and
omissions
a) Official Acts
b) Sanggunian participation/ acquiescence

II) Personal Accountability and Liability

1. Public Office is a Public Trust
2. Public Servants
3. Liable for Crimes, Malfeasance, Misfeasance and
Nonfeasance
4. Removing Authority – Courts and People
TRUE OR FALSE:
LGUs HAVE INHERENT
POWERS.
IVERSON DOMINIC PINEDA
→No Inherent Powers
(10)Delegated Powers
→Nature of Powers
1. Local Autonomy
2. Delegated
3. Broad (for as long as not prohibited by law)
4. Limited/ Qualified Self-Governance
5. Residual

→Sources of Powers
1. Constitutional
2. 1991 Local Government Code
3. Charters
4. Statutes
TRUE OR FALSE:
ALL LGUs HAVE
ORDINANCES ON PUBLIC-
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS.
IVERSON DOMINIC PINEDA
(11)Diversity ofPowers

o Classes of Powers
1. Uniformity of Powers (Constitution and general law)
2. Specific Powers (charters)

o Exercise of Powers is LGU-specific based on

vision, needs, priorities, strategies, policies,
activities and resources
POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Roads, Bridges, Highways

o Parking Facilities, Traffic
o Sanitary Landfills
o Agriculture-related
o Public Art
o Libraries
POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Roads, Bridges, Highways

POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Parking Facilities, Traffic

POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Sanitary Landfills

METROCLARK SANITARY LANDFILL,CAPAS

POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Agriculture-related

PPP IN CROP INSURANCE BY ADB

POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Public Art

TARLAC ART FAIR AT BULWAGANG KANLAHI

POSSIBLE LGU PPP PROJECTS
LISTED IN AGRA PPP TEMPLATE ORDINANCE

o Libraries
AWARDED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PPP PROJECTS
o Bride connecting Cebu City & Cordova Municipality
(Joint Venture)

o Transport Terminal by Batangas

(Lease)

o Slaughterhouse by Tarlac City

(Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer)

o Property Venture Development by Cebu Province

(Corporatization)
AWARDED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PPP PROJECTS

o Bride connecting Cebu City & Cordova Municipality

(Joint Venture)
AWARDED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PPP PROJECTS

o Transport Terminal by Batangas

(Lease)
AWARDED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PPP PROJECTS

o Slaughterhouse by Tarlac City

(Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer)
AWARDED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PPP PROJECTS

o Property Venture Development by Cebu Province

(Corporatization)
TRUE OR FALSE:
THE 1991 LGC be amended
whereby the Mayor presides
over the sessions of the
Sanggunian.
IVERSON DOMINIC PINEDA
(12)Separation ofPowers
o Separation of powers under the 1987
Constitution not applicable to LGUs

o Congress has control over LGU structure

o Congress allocates powers within an LGU

1. Executive and Legislative branches in LGUs
2. Currently, legislative separation of powers (except
for Barangays)
Thank You!