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*0*0+0+ re aay LOO CL0SOp eS cannot be used “td—sbserye pono pactides me aloms a3 bombarded with the sil bstuls ATrUN rf spe etmstlves using toe high on cogs Pio the High temp of thidcubsladlg 3, tha Omip- tf “Hat Subshute: is lowere d 60 that ati&h Jak b Mat_end up With Hon Modott—.—— — 3 har. Chava erization Micxos (ope ansMission..e. s or, ee , anning Tunne J ta Sa “phuse visible hight ee ae Use e echion beam ‘in case of Microsc - Much Br Mo ification Y_xebol ution can abe | be ach od bi seit ¢ beam «Electron has ee ee piper af a natuxe - can behav eee Paeticle A-a wa Pe smnnihg election Micioscap e —) etection gun — bh pield emis boro of- elecis on - thermionic j leased on Hhe Source of ¢ echrob in : aw SER BESt VE waa Jeilament will be heated, e- at dnecw4ace will ane limitation ip_optical microscope j5 thos fy # 2 gain enough energy % will be emi tied out Te Bapeshe filament Surface peak = i > Wehnelt (Gs bi angsten oe ‘ hile tte Ee z Es i) cure) apelle a i cs moat TRNesmionic eMisslen Sowee ee 1 Pnode 2 ta Be~ Tqndhanuce | moaned e. | Hexaboyide a Wig sten) ANE eayong. LO hemes ced — * Ne. == Saat wars clechoosiatic face is THe xabes ach Held “emmissie? Frstead of CUM NT the e°'5 emitied must be be focused 4a > the taro ¢ instead of ca exig a ftes emissien- ue apes an anode sothatthe os will be - ocused « ing coxtain dis” Eee ts eae above te cathode, eS acv fowards Hie anode ___& Role of condenses lens a ; a to defing the a So he e~ beam - The ee = will folus the obtained ‘i len The ail. din I i elechon au 2 -pxima Beye ve s ¥ Poe The PE when comes, into | Ee contact wiih inleaasig | ight \s the meth beam of terres jg thy Mg sotnee - ele clon ae 2\. Specinon pseparaljon |aesolution achieved / t0KeS us few mips le\ Specimen preparation ak: te-hows Mean otad [esha a nk day es: | «May be seen net psteerly die. died ays 3) Onidenser, bje ciive fs jent Vacuum will not \ E bie’ there interachion voi, ponds op of glasses | aiy Molecwes . 43) All yenses aye eonehe omiaonied cx | | eerily, a More than (00 - nae IS Marim Red. 6) vacuum 15 e5¢ ent ial y eration - ce | x ee 1) VOR eee ccooan ° ogra piare TEM pase of Transmission ¢ "the primasy beam panel transmitted 4 14 Will be desarte o by ele clo x 1 i 12 gun. ie wn ane ae | aoe op wes eet yesce tr) S(%CCN . ely) syslem a 1 ai ee eiey lavdwoare © [a ofrwave « a iiglin case in case of sar SEM the sample can be ofa My as data ‘od ected e-/s is G Senin dhe Sample should be in# h ee eny fice awdey,as tne oe Lou } — he gh ene sample, Hit pa wider g WE ‘ Ma ; y nd rae SEM, Ib gives us die stricture of dhe i ize chape —> moopholegy ie i e 3 age Colkecied bit in zt Hon racks of spocinten Can be ao. of walls jne qrrande ment bo 0 bsoxved whether dhe Sams scoystal ine ne paly cxystal line Pola with EM 2 se ~y pe 3 cae We axe et pein in be Secondont lp enrrin eon Ulaging mode analyze sample_ mor Phhelegy , Yaney Mode} lon Hon ~ Study esysta lo gra phuy Bf came Mode BS: Gry Stalline Samp e:= Long xange. Periodic arrange \ WOT og ae 15 i Sfaioms ane ; ; T : = Amorphous \- No pertedlic assangemont od-gtarns i a i a a i ia al i al at al q hm Oe ofan edd dle a pest ralleh ee pet 2 f ’ oe. Bid! ¢ akh 4 isin dpe order a oe tte i ier neath Le spacing cample™- we can np seid St pnd oe ACN Of Saviples of ci ea sous were discovered qccide by Rontasn. has 4aKen the very fiest y~-yay phot hy b D. Coolidge’ woxked on 3 eqonoaiion ef sways with a hi evacuated tupe et x - Body tube. for ihe BAbration - of JUL Retin @ e iasmen —ehambex use Pe) dona itya — o7 axe a oe aie ight fina meat eae beam - pec: ode, With high KE. Most of FE @ o> will be san sformed 7 as heat is_ _ $0 Yecoet— aie i aes CO ppev anede . | qungoen jiiomens is GuMoUNde d by Me Sire H\e a. ve pore mild) e% will bar, repented foormmPhe-sunface-of-camwde % + fowaras anode: tet ahha ~ainast tothe path of 0/6. “feane) -NUIN, We Wank to use Ya¥ay. far a the jpoeealaguaphy of am __ a < william. Henry 2 hoagg 494 H will william bawren ce Bray 2 srudie fends on) Brags! oe fa cid beam Lat. x! at Bag oi ncn Transmitted | dan beam vA plane we are able to see the ob ject xeflect Waht cident » ?\vual ipaplectes b bean Ce te) CLG / “dhKl Saistence bus planes: mes js divected to ards as the 2 cay sta plate. thas travelled an exteg pat sind Fy ‘TCT SSS Ey sin ®- (diy ) If Fai, in undergo ' Constyuctiv e loterference a path +savelled by Izv, Bina: 2. i a - Paerge\aa,2 Ol=tig Ct 6 ULY Rial NN Nd [tz Hor n Lota if G9 @ lem on x 20 Fi ar 1° onsidoring O and fo rte. trans pit beam is te 8) fe 4 q e @ @ ABFA NGLMENS of aie Can bevobsesved. Wese ave Known as Spa if 8 Here Asop't be any Maron btw tre palit 4 Much bsoader yp aks will appeay on du aCtiON pattern as ip Considess avg. 93 nd om zi ind a i 9 sain ize ipippotlan can only be Oheenied wd wskal not Vita individual gtom oJ m+eracd with gaseous oy fas th oxward _ ove intesact _ idual atoms 2 fot planes atomic Lodening S_{s dene with the hep o plex indices. sed to difine the dizecti dns as awell'as Pre tones 1 pee as As diferach o~ can happen a4 ditt. planes -. _ we 4S0_ullex indaices fox Indewung ths peaks ; KR # Direchion — ra ara) : ald theo e given Af la ibe a inh s¢etion Ont? the oven Co-oxdi MN nale 54s 4,4, 1 > gedit ; Take the yeciprocal tor the obtained coeff envert thot into the smollest igpeaerc SB) Remove the commas btw Mem % ahem into pouenttnesis oh ts the plane “tha Gre avdilakie iN the singte tS ceil (lines , (too) (ore) Selon ec if Fre fied peak is indexed =f th diffacaci Ni is happening ram al ¢ i are avalie{ +9 [Lae woe é Gite plane .~ the. iter vavles ww planes __* ) GE difiyacted orgie vt to OP lo 284 =) i+ sepresont all the x gulk matestal - hig a. } nanomasertal — Crys alling - JE nie epee SESE 2 - ¥ ¥/witl Hhe invensity vemain same in Case. of by H nano material . ie: Soe Z imagining she

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