 What are the extensions for setup of ArcGIS Desktop?

.msi - microsoft installer

.exe - executable

 Is it possible to install ArcGIS Desktop on Mac. If yes, what is the process?

ArcGIS Desktop cannot run on Mac OS. However, we can run the software over windows virtual
machines or remote connection to a windows system on Mac.

 Which default applications are installed automatically with the installation of ArcGIS Desktop?

ArcGlobe

ArcMap

ArcScene

 What are the extensions of provisioning files for both single use and concurrent user licenses?

For Single Use - .prvc

For Concurrent Use - .prvs

 Difference between a custom install and complete install?

In complete install option it installs all the features for ArcGIS Desktop, on the other hand in custom
install, we decide what features we want to install.

 What is the default installation directory of ArcGIS Desktop?

C drive > Program files (x86) > ArcGIS > Desktop10.x