Faculty of Technology

University of Sri Jayewardenepura

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
(Lesson 02)

Dr. (Eng.) T. Manori Perera

manori@sjp.ac.lk
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this session, students should be able to:

• LO 1: Describe the basic components of projects, project management and its

evolution
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Content
• What is Project Management?
• Project Management Framework
• Triple Constraint of Project Management
• History of Project Management
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

What is Project Management?

• Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

• Project management is accomplished through the appropriate application and

integration of the project management processes identified for the project.

• Project management enables organizations to execute projects effectively and

efficiently.
Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Project Management Framework

Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Project Management Framework

Source: Project Management

Framework (Schwalbe, 2006, p9)
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Purpose of Project Management

The purpose of project management is prediction and prevention, NOT
recognition and reaction

Which ones are most important for Projects?

Budgeting, Scheduling, Leading, Motivating, Listening,

Documenting Empathizing
Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Triple Constraint of Project Management

Project Management Triangle/ Iron Triangle

 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Triple Constraint

Increased Scope =
Increased time + Increased cost
Tight Time =
Increased costs + Reduced scope
Tight Budget =
Increased time + Reduced scope
Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

History of Project Management

Project management has been practiced for thousands of years since the Egyptian era;
however, it has been about half a century ago that organizations start applying
systematic project management tools and techniques to complex projects.
The emperor ordered millions
of people to finish this project.
According to historical data, It was a radical idea and an innovation
the labour force was organized of worldwide importance in the 1920s.
into three groups: soldiers, One of its first uses was on the
ordinary people and criminals. Hoover Dam project started in 1931.

Ancient records show there were

managers for each of the four faces of
the Great Pyramid, responsible for
overseeing their completion

Source: A Brief History of Project Management by ProjectSmart updated 10th Oct 2021
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

History of Project Management

• In1950s-Navy employed modern project management methodologies in their Polaris project

• During the 1960s and 1970s- Department of Defense, NASA, and large engineering and construction
companies utilized project management principles and tools to manage large budget, schedule-driven
projects

• In 1980s- Manufacturing and software development sectors started to adopt and implement
sophisticated project management practices

• By 1990s- The project management theories, tools, and techniques were widely received by different
industries and organizations

Four periods have been identified to better capture the history of modern project management
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

More Details: History of Project

Management

Gantt Chart

In the mid-1950s the Navy was involved in

the Jupiter missile project with the U.S.
Army, and had influenced the design by
making it squat so it would fit in submarines
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

History of Project Management

• Snyder and Kline (1987) noted that the modern project management era started in
1958 with the development of CPM/PERT

✓ Critical Path Method (CPM-1957) is a technique used to predict project duration

✓ Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT- 1958) is a method for analysing the tasks involved in
completing a project
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

History of Project Management

Periods Theme Remarks
Prior to 1958 Craft system to Human During this time, technology advancement shortened the project schedule
Relations Administration The job specification was widely used and Henry Gantt invented Gantt chart
The job specification later became the basis of developing the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
1958- 1979 Application of During this time, there were significant technology advancement
Management Science Introduced the first automatic plain-paper copier, Development of silicon chips and
minicomputers, Developed programming language UNIX and computer industry started to
develop rapidly
1980- 1994 Production Center: The revolution of IT/IS sector shifted people from using mainframe computer to multitasking
Human Resources personal computer that had high efficiency in managing and controlling complex project schedules
During this time, the Internet served researchers and developers, and local area networks and
Ethernet technology started to dominate network technology
Most computer engineers were responsible for operating the project management systems because
the mainframe systems were not easy to use
Project management software for PC became widely available by a number of companies
1995 to Present Creating a new The Internet started to change virtually every business practices. It provided fast, interactive, and
environment customized new medium that allowed people to browse, purchase, and track products and services
online instantly. As a result, the Internet permits organizations to be more productive, more
efficient, and more customer-oriented
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

History of Project Management

Multitasking personal
Automatic plain-paper copier Silicon chips computer

Minicomputers

Ethernet technology is the traditional technology for connecting devices in

a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)
 Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

References
• Project Management Institute. (2017). A guide to the project management body of
knowledge (PMBOK guide). Project Management Institute, Inc., Newtown Square,
Pennsylvania, USA.
• Elias G. Carayannis, Young Hoon Kwak, Frank T. Anbari (2005). The Story of
Managing Projects (Chapter 1), Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., USA.
THANK YOU !