Hall effect sensor

A Hall effect sensor is an electronic device that is designed to detect the Hall
effect, and convert its findings into electronic data, either to switch a circuit
on and off, provide a measurement of a varying magnetic field, be processed
by an embedded computer or displayed on an interface. In 1879, scientist
Edwin Hall discovered that if a magnet is placed perpendicular to a conductor
with a steady flow of current, the electrons flowing within the conductor are
pulled to one side, thus creating a potential difference in charge (i.e.
voltage). The Hall effect, then, is indicative of the presence and magnitude of
a magnetic field near a conductor.

Using magnetic fields, Hall effect sensors are used to detect variables such as
the proximity, speed, or displacement of a mechanical system. Hall effect
sensors are non-contact, which means that they do not have to come in
contact with a physical element. They can produce either a digital (on and
off) or analog (continuous) signal depending on their design and intended
function.

Hall effect switches and latches are either on or off. A Hall

effect switch turns on in the presence of a magnetic field and turns off when
the magnet is removed. A Hall effect latch turns on (closes) when a positive
magnetic field is applied and remains on even when the magnet is removed.
When a negative magnetic field is applied, the Hall effect latch turns off
(opens) and remains off even when the magnet is removed.

Linear Hall sensors (analog) render precise and continuous

measurements based on magnetic field strength; they do not switch on and
off. Within the Hall effect sensor, the Hall element sends the electric
potential difference (voltage brought about by the magnetic interference) to
an amplifier in order to make the change in voltage large enough to be
perceived by the embeddsensor diagram. (Electronics Hub)
Hall effect sensors can be found in cell phones and GPS, assembly lines,
automobiles, medical devices and many IoT devices. The market for Hall
effect sensors is expected to grow by more than 10% annually, reaching
$7.55 billion by 2026.