Essentials of Human Behavior Integrating Person Environment and The Life Course 2nd Edition Hutchison Test Bank

Essentials of Human Behavior
Integrating Person Environment and

the Life Course 2nd Edition Hutchison
Test Bank
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Instructor Resource
Hutchinson, Essentials of Human Behavior, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2017
Chapter 10: The Human Life Journey: A Life Course Perspective
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Divorce is an example of a ______.

a. cohort
b. transition
c. trajectory
d. life event
Ans: d
Learning Objective: LO 10.2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. A life course perspective looks at ______ factors that act to shape people’s lives from birth to death.
a. psychological
b. biological
c. sociological
d. all of the above
Ans: d
3. ______ is a long-term pattern of stability and change.

a. Cohort
b. Transition
c. Trajectory
d. Life event
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
4. ______ are changes in roles and statuses that represent a departure from prior roles and statuses.
a. Cohorts
b. Transitions
c. Trajectories
d. Life events
Ans: b
5. A ______ refers to a group of people who were born during the same time period.
Instructor Resource
a. cohort
b. transition
c. trajectory
d. life event
Ans: a
6. ______ is a life event that produces a long lasting shift in the life course.
a. Turning point
b. Transition
c. Trajectory
d. Cohort
Ans: a
7. Cumulative disadvantage refers to multiple ______ across the lifespan.

a. interplays
b. human agencies
c. risks
d. protections
Ans: c
Answer Location: Major Themes of the Life Course Perspective
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. ______ agency is exercised to influence those with greater resources to act to one’s behalf to meet
one’s needs.
a. Collective
b. Personal
c. Proxy
d. none of the above
Ans: c
9. ______ agency is exercised individually, using one’s own influence to shape events or behavior.
a. Collective
b. Personal
c. Proxy
Ans: b
Instructor Resource
10. ______ agency is exercised on the group level when people act together to accomplish goals.
a. Collective
b. Personal
c. Proxy
Ans: a
11. Children enrolled in a preschool do better in school readiness tests than those who did not attend.
The preschool is considered a ______ factor.
a. developmental
b. resilience
c. risk
d. protective
Ans: d
Cognitive Domain: Application
12. Children who grow up in poverty, attend poor quality schools, and have high crime in their
neighborhood may experience
a. agency.
b. bifurcation.
c. cumulative disadvantage.
d. cumulative advantage.
Ans: c
13. Children who grow up in a wealthy neighborhood, attend high quality schools, and have loving
parents may experience
a. agency.
b. bifurcation.
c. cumulative disadvantage.
d. cumulative advantage.
Ans: d
14. ______ is the act or process of placing restrictions on individuals, groups, or institutions.
a. Risk management
b. Retention
c. Oppression
Ans: c
Instructor Resource
15. By definition, ______ interrupt a negative trajectory for children experiencing cumulative
disadvantage.
a. human agency
b. protective factors
c. risk factors
d. None of the above
Ans: b
Difficulty Level: Hard
16. Elvira grew up in an impoverished neighborhood where there was a high crime rate. She never met
her father and her mother was addicted to heroin. She spent several years in foster care. She was lucky
enough to have the same child welfare caseworker throughout her years in the system. She graduated
from college and is now pursuing an MSW degree. The caseworker can be considered a
a. human agency.
b. protective factor.
c. risk factor.
Ans: b
17. ______ refers to standardizing of the ages at which social role transitions occur by developing policies
and laws that regulate the timing of these transitions.
a. Age structuring
b. Age timing
c. Ageism
Ans: a
18. ______ are used to indicate the behaviors expected of people of a specific age in a given society at a
particular point in time.
a. Age trajectories
b. Age structures
c. Age frames
d. Age norms
Ans: d
19. ______, which is defined as help rendered by others that benefits an individual or collectivity, is an
obvious element of interdependent lives.
a. Fiscal support
b. Mobilizing support
Instructor Resource
c. Social support
Ans: c
20. A family moving from Ecuador to the United States would be at a ______ point.
a. agency
b. bifurcation
c. transition
d. proxy
Ans: c
Answer Location: The Family Life Course
21. ______ agency means that agency resides in relationship between interdependent selves.
a. Disjoint
b. Conjoint
c. Joint
Ans: b
22. An ______ for David Sanchez might include suffering his father’s death as a child, moving to live with
his grandmother, being removed to a boarding school, and fighting in the Vietnam War.
a. opportunities
b. event history
c. emergent framing
d. All of the above
Ans: b
Learning Objective: LO 10.1; 10.2; 10.6
Answer Location: A Definition of Life Course Perspectives
23. Phoung Le’s ______ would most likely include observing new military presence in the streets, getting
married, becoming a mother, escaping from Saigon, and time spent in a refugee camp.
a. event history
b. opportunities
c. emergent framing
d. All of the above
Ans: a
24. For Maria Suarez, the events of 9/11 will be a part of her
a. event history.
Instructor Resource
b. opportunities.
c. emergent framing.
d. All of the above
Ans: a
25. ______ may be the biggest challenge of the life course perspective.
a. Homogeneity
b. Heterosexuality
c. Heterogeneity
Ans: c
Answer Location: Strenghts and Limitations of the Life Course Perspective
26. Unlike developmental psychology, ______ calls attention to how historical time, social location, and
culture affect the individual experience of each life stage.
a. Freudian theory
b. learning theory
c. the life course perspective
d. cognitive perspective
Ans:c
Answer Location: A Definition of the Life Course Perpective
27. Which of the following is a strength of the life course perspective?

a. research on cumulative advantage and disadvantage
b. research on malleability of risk factors
c. attention to human agency
d. all of the above
Ans: d
Answer Location: Strengths and Limitations of the Life Course Perspective
28. Which of the following is a major challenge for the life course perspective?
a. research on cumulative advantage and disadvantage
b. research on malleability of risk factors
c. heterogeneity
d. all of the above
Ans: c
Answer Location: Strenghts and Limitations of the Life Course Perspective
Instructor Resource
29. Saul is a 68-year-old gay man from NYC. He was at Stonewall Bar during the riot of 1969 and has
seen marriage equity become law in the United States. ______ is a good way to examine his experience
over time.
a. Freudian theory
b. Learning theory
c. The life course perspective
d. Cognitive perspective
Ans:c
Answer Location: A Defintion of the Life Course Perpective
30. Suarez and other children who lost relatives on September 11, 2001 are considered to be a
a. cohort.
b. transition.
c. trajectory.
d. life event.
Ans: a
31. The death of her mother is a significant ______ for Suarez.

a. cohort
b. transition
c. trajectory
d. life event
Ans: d
32. Elvis and his family left Haiti following the great earthquake. Although he was 16 when they left, his
English skills and good health afforded him the opportunity to work and financially take care of his family.
This change in status and roles is klnown as a
a. cohort.
b. transition.
c. trajectory.
d. life event.
Ans: b
33. The effect of the housing market and job availability on young adults’ abilitities to live independently
from their families of origin, is an example of links with
a. families.
b. the wider world.
c. diverse action.
Ans: b
Instructor Resource

34. Ellen is a social worker who has a very strong belief in her ability to help others. This is an example of
a. efficacy expectation.
b. collective agency.
c. proxy agency.
d. all of the above
Ans: a
True/False
1. Cohorts differ in size, and these differences affect opportunities for education, work, and family life.
Ans: T
2. A transition refers to a group of people who were born during the same time period.
Ans: F
3. A turning point is a life event that produces a long lasting shift in the life course trajectory.
Ans: T
4. A population pyramid is a chart depiciting the proportion of population at each age group.
Ans: T
5. In contrast with transitions, trajectories involve a shorter view of change in a person’s life.
Ans: F
6. Age timing refers to standardizing of the ages at which social role transitions occur by developing
policies and laws that regulate the timing of these transitions.
Instructor Resource
Ans: F
Answer Location Major Themes of the Life Course Perspective
7. Transition and turning points are synonymous.

Ans: F
8. Biological age indicates a person’s level of physical development and health.

Ans: T
9. Psychological age has only behavioral components.

Ans: F
10. Psychological age has both behavioral and perceptual components.

Ans: T
11. Age trajectories are used to indicate the behaviors expected of people of a specific age in a given
society at a particular point in time.
Ans: F
12. A cohort’s sex ratio is the number of males per 100 females.
Ans: T
13. Social support, which is defined as help rendered by others that benefits an individual or collectivity, is
an obvious element of interdependent lives.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
14. A generation and a birth cohort are synonymous.

Ans: F
15. Human lives are interdependent and the family is the primary arena for experiencing wider contexts.
Ans: T
16. Psychological age is made up strictly of behavioral components.

Ans: F
17. Heterogeneity may be the biggest challenge of the life course perspective.
Ans: T
18. Homogeneity may be the biggest challenge of the life course perspective.
Ans: F
19. The life course perspective builds on a variety of other theories discussed previously in the text.
Ans: T
20. The life course perspective is uniquely different from other theories discussed previously in the text.
Ans: F
Completion
Instructor Resource
1. A ______ is a chart depiciting the proportion of population at each age group.

Ans: population pyramid
2. A cohort’s ______ is the number of males per 100 females.

Ans: sex ratio
3. In contrast with transitions, ______ involve a longer view of long-term patterns of stability and change
in a person’s life.
Ans: trajectories
4. Being fired from work is an example of a ______.
Ans: life event
5. ______ refers to standardizing of the ages at which social role transitions occur, by developing policies
and laws that regulate the timing of these transitions.
Ans: Age structuring
6. A ______ is a chart depiciting the proportion of population at each age group.

Ans: population pyramid
7. ______ indicates a person’s level of physical development and health.

Ans: Biological age
8. ______ are used to indicate the behaviors expected of people of a specific age in a given society at a
particular point in time.
Ans: Age norms
Instructor Resource

9. ______ are factors at one stage of development that increase the probability of developing and
maintaining problem conditions at later stages.
Ans: Risk factors
10. ______, which is defined as help rendered by others that benefits an individual or collectivity, is an
obvious element of interdependent lives.
Ans: Social support
11. ______ a sociologist, was one of the early authors to write about a life course perspective.
Ans: Glen Elder, Jr.
12. The ______ builds on a variety of other theories discussed previously in the text.
Ans: life course perspective
13. Unlike developmental psychology, ______ calls attention to how historical time, social location, and
culture affect the individual experience of each life stage.
Ans: life course perspective
14. ______ are expectations that one can personally accomplish a goal.
Ans: Efficacy expectations
15. ______ is defined as a sense of personal competence.

Ans: Self-efficacy
Instructor Resource
16. ______ is the power of humans to use protective factors to assist in a self-righting process over the
life course and to fare well in the face of adversity.
Ans: Resilience
17. The ______ looks at family systems over time.

Ans: family life course perspective
18. ______, or times when the family faces changes in family life stage or in family composition, are
particularly stressful.
Ans: transition points
19. ______ indicates the current position of a person in the ongoing search for meaning, purpose, and
moral relationships.
Ans: Spiritual age
20. ______ is a trajectory of unearned advantage.

Ans: Privilege
Essay
1. Compare and contrast the themes of the Life Course Perspective with the eight major theoretical
perspectives discussed in Chapter 2 in this text.
Ans: Correct answer should define, compare, and contrast each previous theory with Life Course.
Learning Objective: LO 10.1; 10.3; 10.4; 10. 8
Cognitive Domain: Application/Analysis
Answer Location: Theoretical Roots; Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective; Major Themes in
the Life Course Perspective; Integration with a Multidimensional/Multitheoretical Approach
2. Critique the major themes in the life course perepective.

Ans: Correct answer should critique each of the six themes.
Learning Objective: LO 10.5; 10.7
Instructor Resource
Cognitive Domain: Comperehension Analysis

Answer Location: Major Themes in the Life Course Perspective
3. Imagine you are working with David Sanchez. Discuss the interplay between his life and historical
time.
Ans: Discuss his early life, his being a war veteran, his physical status, and his transgenerational trauma.
Learning Objective: LO 10.1; 10.3; 10.6; 10.9
Cognitive Domain: Application and Analysis
Answer Location: Case Study; Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective; Major Themes in the Life
Course Perspective; Implications for Social Work Practice
4. List and describe the life course perspectives’ implications for social work practice.
Ans: Correct answer should list and describe this perspective’s utility for social work practice.
Learning Objective: LO 10.1; 10.4; 10.5; 10.6; 10.9
Answer Location: Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective; Major Themes in the Life Course
Perspective; Implications for Social Work Practice
5. Imagine you are the social worker assigned to assist Phoung Le. Assess her situation in the context of
the life course perspective.
Ans: Correct answer should discuss the case with regard to the life course perspective.
Learning Objective: LO 10.1; 10.3; 10.6; 10.9
Answer Location: Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective; Major Themes in the Life Course
Perspective; Implications for Social Work Practice.

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Essentials of Human Behavior

Integrating Person Environment and

Chapter 10: The Human Life Journey: A Life Course Perspective

1. Divorce is an example of a ______.

3. ______ is a long-term pattern of stability and change.

7. Cumulative disadvantage refers to multiple ______ across the lifespan.

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following is a strength of the life course perspective?

31. The death of her mother is a significant ______ for Suarez.

Learning Objective: LO 10.5

7. Transition and turning points are synonymous.

8. Biological age indicates a person’s level of physical development and health.

9. Psychological age has only behavioral components.

10. Psychological age has both behavioral and perceptual components.

14. A generation and a birth cohort are synonymous.

16. Psychological age is made up strictly of behavioral components.

1. A ______ is a chart depiciting the proportion of population at each age group.

2. A cohort’s ______ is the number of males per 100 females.

6. A ______ is a chart depiciting the proportion of population at each age group.

7. ______ indicates a person’s level of physical development and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

15. ______ is defined as a sense of personal competence.

17. The ______ looks at family systems over time.

20. ______ is a trajectory of unearned advantage.

2. Critique the major themes in the life course perepective.

Cognitive Domain: Comperehension Analysis

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