Biolistrik

Irfiansyah Irwadi
Outline

Bioelectricity
• Action potential
@. Electrolyte @. depolarization
@. RMP @. repolarization
• Electric signal recording
@. Electrocardiograph (EKG)
@. Electroencephalograph (EEG)
@. Electromiograph (EMG)
 Overshoot Action potential
+30 mV
repolarization
- 0 mV
depolarization

Firing level
- 55 mV

- 70 mV

Action potential
Membran plasma
Lipid bilayer
Sifat : Semipermeabel
Fungsi :
1. Pemisah cairan ekstrasel dan intrasel
2. Perlindungan bagian dalam sel terhadap lingkungannya
3. Sarana transpor bahan-bahan yang akan masuk ke dalam sel atau dikeluarkan oleh sel
Membran plasma

Composition :
1. Protein (55%)
2. Lemak
– Fosfolipid (25%)
– Kolesterol (13%)
– Lipid lain (4%)
3. Karbohidrat (3%)
– Glikoprotein
– Glikoloipid
Membran Sel
Electrolyte ECF vs ICF

ICF : intra cellular fluid (cytoplasm)

ECF : extra cellular fluid (plasma + interstitial)

Ion Plasma Interstisial Intracellular Direction

Na + 142 139 14 In
Ca ++ 1,3 1,2 <<< In
K+ 4,2 4 140 Out
CL - 108 108 <<< / 4 In
RMP (resting membrane potential)
• The difference of ion concentration
between ECF & ICF  electrial membrane
gradient
• RMP = ± -70 till - 90 mv depend on cell
 + + + + + +

- - - - - -

RMP : ICF is more negative than ECF

-70 till -90 mv
Stimulation

• Stimulation (electric or chemical)  open

voltage or ligand gated channel
• ECF & ICF is conected  ion move influx or
eflux  increase or decrease membran potential
• Stimulation must be adequate, more than firing
level
• Firing level : minimum intensity to stimulate
depolarization
 Membrane Potentials

2. threshold
1. 3. 4.
Excitato
Resting Action Inhibitory
ry
Potential Potential Post-
Post-
(just synaptic
synaptic
described potential
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004
potential
Excitatory Post-synaptic Potential (EPSP)

Pre-synaptic neuron

Post-synaptic neuron
 Excitatory Post-synaptic Potential (EPSP)
1. The pre-synaptic neuron releases a Pre-synaptic neuron
neurotransmitter.

2. Neurotransmitter diffuses across

extra-cellular space - synaptic cleft.

3. Neurotransmitter binds to post-

synaptic receptor.

4. Binding of neurotransmitter causes Post-synaptic neuron

Na+ channels in post-synaptic
membrane to open.

5. Depolarization occurs (excitatory

potential)
 1. Resting
Excitatory Membrane
Post-Synaptic Potential
Potential (EPSP)
OUTSIDE Na+ Cl-
K+

Force of Diffusion

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

open Closed
OPEN Na+ no open
channel channel
CHANNEL channel channel

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -

Force of Diffusion +++

Na
INSIDE K+ + Cl-

Pr-
--50
65mV
mV

14
K+ = Potassium; Na+ = Sodium; Cl- = Chloride; Pr- = proteins
 EPSP
• EPSP is a “graded” potential
• Multiple EPSPs are integrated across
space and time.

• Once the threshold is

reached, voltage-
dependent sodium
channels are opened

• The cell is depolarized Excitatory Integration

Post-synaptic
(action potential) potential
 Electric
stimulation

Na+ channel Na+

closed Na+ channel
Electric sensor
opened

Membrane
Cell

Fast response channel : fast opened and closed, ex : Na

Voltage gated ion channel
 Electric
stimulation

K+ channel
closed K+ channel
Electric sensor
opened

Membrane
Cell

K+

Slow response channel : late in opened and closed, ex : Ca & K

Voltage gated ion channel
 Chemical
stimulation

Cl-
K+ channel Ligand
closed Cl- channel
receptor
opened

Membrane
Cell

Ligand gated channel, slow in response ex : Cl

Chemical substance : GABA, benzodiazepine
 Stimmulation
↓
Fast natrium channel is opened
↓
Natrium influx
↓
membrane potential decrease
↓
Depolarization
↓
Fast natrium channel closed &
Slow kalium channel opened
↓
Kalium eflux
↓
membran potential back increase
↓
repolarization
 Cl- ligand gated
Channel complex

Cl-
Electrical stimulation :
stimulate at the same time but in the different quick response

Fast response Slow response

Na channel Ca channel Cl channel K channel

open open open open

depolarization repolarization
Depolarization Vs Repolarization
• Depolarization : decrease in membrane
potential, approaching zero (0 mv)
• Depolarization  natrium influx
• Repolarization : increase in membrane
potential, back to the RMP
• Repolarization  kalium eflux
After potential
Inwarding Na & outwarding K
are trapped PRA PRR
↓
Positif after potensial
0
↓
Danger
↓
Stimulate Na/K ATP ase pump
↓ FL
Active Transport
↓
RMP
Decrease in Membrane
potential ~ RMP
 Refracted Periods

• Periods when cell PRA PRR

become insensitive
even stimulate again 0
• Refracted periods :
@. Absolute :
when depolarization FL

@. Relatif :
when repolarization, RMP

need higher intensity 

mvolt

Hipopolarisasi

- 55 Firing level

RMP
- 70

Hiperpolarisasi
 Propagation

• Conducting action
potential through the
membrane
• By stimulation on
electric sensor of fast
natrium channel
• So there is electrical
conduction
Plateau in action potential

Plateau delay on repolarization, which sign as steady state after depolarization

Because of 2 factors :
@ Delay on kalium channel opening or
@ Slow natrium-calcium channel open (it only in cardiac and smooth muscle
Action potential

• Spike • Plateau
• Neuron, skeletal • Cardiac muscle,
muscle smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Stimulation
Na–Ca channel
complex

Fast Na Slow Ca
Channel Channel
open first Open later

Quick
Plateau
depolarization
Electrical signal recording

EMG, EEG, EKG

Electromiogram (EMG)

• record electrical signal from peripheral

neuron and skeleltal muscle
• EMG consist of a protrude which
administered to the muscle & completed
by electrical stimulator
• EMG is used to measure function &
diagnose neuron & muscle disturbaces, ex
: myasthenia gravis, polio & paralysis
Electroencefalogram (EEG)

• Record electrical signal from brain or CNS

• EEG consist of some electrodes which putted in
head
• EEG is used to evaluate brain function &
diagnose in brain disturbances, ex : sleep
disorder & epilepsy
Electrocardiogram (ECG)

• ECG record in cardiac

electricity, depolarization
& repolarization

• The recording is a result

of electrical vector which
in one direction

• These show cardiac axis

and cardiac apex location
Depend on electrode location ?
Depolarization/ repolarization
Deflect -
ventrikel

Bifasic

Deflect +
Elektrodes

• Unipolar
@. Augmented : aVR, aVL, aVF
@. Chest : V1-6
• Bipolar
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III
 Lead II recording

P wave
atrium depol

qrs complex
ventrikel depol

t wave
Ventrikel repol

Question :
atrium Repol..?
Why t wave (Ventr
repol)  defleksi + ?