UNIT 1

PATIENT MONITORING &BIOTELEMETRY

BRINTHA K
AP/BME
KNCET
 PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
• Patient monitoring systems are collections of machines or equipment used to
constantly monitor patients through various vital signs and warning systems to
detect and record changes in patient wellbeing.

• Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. Vital signs are
useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in a
medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.
 Vital signs
• The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical
professionals and health care providers include the following:
1. Body temperature
2. Pulse rate
3. Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
4. Blood pressure
5. Temperature.
6. Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
7. Pain.
8. Level of consciousness.
9. Urine output
PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
 ICU/CCU EQUIPMENTS
Respiratory Therapies
1. High Flow Nasal Cannula
High flow nasal prongs allow for high concentration of oxygen
to be delivered to patients comfortably. Somethings this is
used as a therapy of it’s own, or may be used when the
patient has a break from a tighter mask. The oxygen is routed
through a humidifier to ensure it is moist and does not dry the
airways.
 2.Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV):

• Non Invasive Ventilation means the patient would be helped to

breath, without any tubes going into their mouth.
• “Non invasive” meaning nothing going in. A tight mask usually
covers the nose and mouth, and it is connected to a small
machine which will give extra oxygen or support with every
breath. The mask is secured tightly in order to function, there
cannot be any air leaks.
• It usually helps increase blood oxygen levels
and reduced carbon dioxide levels.
• The NIV would only be used on a conscious patient, as you have
to make every breath yourself.
 3. Endotracheal tube (ET):

• An ET tube is a tube that is inserted through the patients’

mouth into their wind pipe. It is used in the ICU for patients
who are having difficulty breathing because of a lung
problem, or for patients who are not awake enough to
breathe for themselves. The ET Tube is connected to tubing
which is connected to a ventilator.
 4. The Ventilator

• The ventilator has different settings and it is adjusted

according to the needs of a patient. Sometimes the patient
is taking their own breaths and we support these, or
sometimes we need to set the ventilator to give them each
breath.
BEDSIDE MONITOR
 INFUSION PUMP

• An infusion pump is a medical device that

delivers fluids, such as nutrients and
medications,into a patient’s body in
controlled amounts.
 PRINCIPLE
• In a syringe pump, fluid is held in the reservoir of a syringe, and
a moveable piston controls fluid delivery.
• In an elastomeric pump, fluid is held in a stretchable balloon
reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon
drives fluid delivery.
• In a peristaltic pump, a set of rollers pinches down on a length
of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward.
• In a multi-channel pump, fluids can be delivered from multiple
reservoirs at multiple rates.
PRINCIPLE
RADIOTELEMETRY