2023

Boiling heat transfer

Heat transfer laporatory

Supervised by Ms. Duha qasim
Fdhelullah abdulkarim
abdulmuhsin
Third stage (A)
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

Introduction
Boiling heat transfer occurs when heat is transferred
from a hot surface to a fluid, resulting in the fluid
changing from a liquid to a vapor. This process is
important in many practical applications, such as
power generation, refrigeration, and chemical
processing.
There are several factors that can affect the rate of
boiling heat transfer, including the type of fluid, the
surface temperature, the surface area, and the
presence of any impurities in the fluid. In general, the
heat transfer rate increases with an increase in
surface temperature, surface area, and fluid velocity.
There are several mechanisms of boiling heat transfer,
including nucleate boiling, film boiling, and transition
boiling. In nucleate boiling, small vapor bubbles are
formed at localized nucleation sites on the surface, and
these bubbles then grow and collapse as they move
away from the surface. In film boiling, a vapor layer or
"film" forms on the surface, and heat is transferred
through this film. In transition boiling, the heat transfer
rate is intermediate between the nucleate and film
boiling regimes.

FDHELULLAH 1
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

How can we benefit from boiling heat

transfer:
1. Power generation: Boiling is used in power plants to
generate electricity. In a typical power plant, water is
heated to produce steam, which is then used to
generate electricity. Boiling is an efficient way to
transfer heat to the water, as it results in high heat
transfer rates.
2.Refrigeration: Boiling is also used in refrigeration
systems to remove heat from a space or object. In a
typical refrigeration system, a refrigerant such as
freon is used to absorb heat from the space or object
being cooled. The refrigerant boils as it absorbs heat,
and the resulting vapor is then condensed back into a
liquid, releasing the absorbed heat.
3. Chemical processing: Boiling is used in many
chemical processing applications to separate different
components of a mixture or to purify a substance. For
example, boiling can be used to separate water from
a solution or to purify water by removing impurities.
4. Food processing: Boiling is used in many food
processing applications, such as canning and
sterilization.

FDHELULLAH 2
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

Advantages of boiling heat transfer:

1. High heat transfer rates: Boiling can result in very
high heat transfer rates, especially in the nucleate
boiling regime. This makes it a good choice for
applications where high heat transfer rates are
required, such as in power generation and
refrigeration.
2.Compact size: Boiling heat exchangers can be
relatively small, as the high heat transfer rates allow
for a smaller surface area to be used. This can be an
advantage in applications where space is limited.
3. High heat transfer coefficients: The heat transfer
coefficients (the measure of the heat transferred
per unit area per unit temperature difference) for
boiling are generally higher than for other modes of
heat transfer, such as conduction or convection.
This means that boiling can be an efficient way to
transfer heat.
4. Heat transfer at low fluid velocities: Boiling can
occur at low fluid velocities, making it useful for
applications where the fluid is not moving quickly.

FDHELULLAH 3
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

Disadvantages of boiling heat transfer:

1. High pressure drop: Boiling can result in a high
pressure drop across the heat exchanger, as the
vapor bubbles that are formed can obstruct the flow
of the fluid. This can make it difficult to maintain a high
flow rate and can increase the pumping power
required.
2. Poor heat transfer at high heat fluxes: At high heat
fluxes (the rate of heat transfer per unit area), the
heat transfer coefficient for boiling tends to
decrease. This can make it difficult to transfer large
amounts of heat using boiling.
3. Possible corrosion: Boiling can result in corrosion
of the heat exchanger surface due to the formation
of vapor bubbles.
4. Possible fouling: If impurities are present in the
fluid, they can adhere to the surface and reduce the
heat transfer efficiency. This is known as fouling.
5. Possible boiling instability: Boiling can be unstable,
with the heat transfer rate fluctuating significantly.
This can make it difficult to control the process.

FDHELULLAH 4
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

Boiling HeatTransfer
When a surface is exposed to a liquid and is maintained at a
temperature above the saturation temperature of the liquid,
boiling may occur, and the heat flux will depend on the
difference in temperature between the surlace and the
saturation temperature When the he at surlace is submerged
below a free surface of liquid, the process is referred to as
boiling pool If the temperature of the liquid is below the
saturation temperature, the process is called subcooled, or
local, boiling. If the liquid is maintained at saturation
temperature, the process is known as satutated or bulk
boiling

FDHELULLAH 5
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

FDHELULLAH 6
Boiling heat transfer Ms.duha qasim

FDHELULLAH 7