Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SYLLABUS
UNIT – IV Set off and carry forward of losses: Deduction from gross total
income – with special reference to section 80C, 80D, 80G, 80-
1A and 80-1B.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
UNIT-I
Indian Tax System & Income Tax Law
Taxation is the major Instrument in the hand of the modern Governments to raise finance to
meet expenditure done on various public services. It is a compulsory obligation on the peoples
and the payment of which is the legal duty of the citizens. It may be on their property. Income and
even it may be required to pay at the time of manufacturing and selling or purchasing a
commodity. Tax constitute the major source of the government’s income.
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
GROSS TOTAL INCOME
Gross Total Income means aggregate amount of taxable income computed under five heads of
income i.e. salaries, house property, business & profession, capital gains and other sources. In
other words, Gross Total Income means total income computed in accordance with the
provisions of the Act before making any deduction under sections 80C to 80U.
In Simple words, the aggregate amount of the following heads of income is called Gross Total
Income –
TOTAL INCOME
The following are the current rates of taxation for an individual, Hindu, Undivided Family, firm,
company and co-operative society for the assessment year 2018-19.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Income tax is a tax on year taxable income of a person levied by the Central Government at
prescribed rates. Tax payers include individual, firm, company, Hindu undivided family,
association of persons, trust etc. Taxable income means income calculated under the
provisions of the Income Tax Act.1961
Though ‘Income’ is a very important word for the Income Tax Act but no precious definition of
the word “Income” is attempted under the Income Tax Act, 1961. The term “Income”, in the
context of the Act, in inclusive. The narrion given in Sub-Section (24) of Section 2 of the Act
enumerates certain items, including those which cannot ordinarily be considered as income but
are treated satutorily as such.
Income Includes:-
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
7. The value of any benefit or perquisite obtained from a company.
8. Any compensation
9. Profit on sale of License
10. Cash assistance received
11. Any interest, salary, bonus, commission/remunerations
12. Profit/gain of mutual or co-operative insurance co.
13. Capital gain arising from transfer of capital gain
14. Any sum received under a key man insurance police.
(A) any rent or revenue derived from land which is situated in India and is used for
agricultural purposes,
(B) any income derived from such land by agriculture or by the process employed to
render the produce fit for the market or by sale of such produce by a cultivator or
receiver of rent in kind,
(C) Any income derived from any building provided the following conditions are
satisfied (i) The Building is immediate vicinity of the agriculture land (ii) it is
occupied by the cultivator or received of rent or revenue (iii) It is used as a
dwelling house or store house/out house. (iv) The land is assessed to land revenue
or a local rate.
(D) Any income derived from saplings/seedling grown in a nursery shall be deemed to
be agricultural income.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Though agricultural income is exempt and it is not included in computation of total income of
an assessee but from tax calculation point of view it is added to total income. The agricultural
income is integrated with non-agricultural income in those cases where assessee has both
incomes. Such integration is done only in the case of individual, HUF, AOP/BOI and Artificial
juridical person.
(i) Non agricultural income of the assessee exceeds the maximum exemption limit
which for the assessment year 2018-19 is Rs. 2.5 lakh in the case of an individual,
Women and HUF in case of Senior citizen it will be Rs. 3,00,000 and Super senior
citizen Rs. 5,00,000 instead of Rs. 2,50,000/-.
(ii) Net agricultural income exceed Rs. 5,000
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Procedure for computation of Tax-payable an non-agricultural income after Integration-
1. Aggregate the Agricultural income with non Agricultural income and determine the tax
payable on such amount.
2. Aggregate the Agricultural income with basis exemption limit and determine the tax
payable on such amount.
3. The difference between the tax computed in step (a) and step (b) will be the tax payable
in respect of non-agricultural income.
CASUAL INCOME
Causal Income means such income the receipt of which is accidental and without any
stipulation. It is the nature of an unexpected windfall.
Though causal income is fully taxable but it is necessary to clear this meaning from the
following point of view –
1. Causal income like lottery, race income are taxable at special rate of 30%
2. Causal income cannot be set off against other causal income as well as casual income
cannot be used for setting off loss of other head.
It means the period of twelve months commencing on 1 st of April every year. In other words
period of 12 months – 1st April to 31st March is called assessment year.
Previous year means the financial year immediately preceding the assessment year e.g. for
the assessment year 2018-2019 previous year will commence on 1 st of April, 2017 and end
on 31st March, 2018. Previous year for income tax purposes will be financial year which ends
on 31st of March, however the assessee can close his books of accounts on other date e.g. an
assessee may maintain books of accounts on calendar year basis but his previous year, for
Income Tax purpose, will be financial year and not the calendar year. This uniform previous
year has to be followed for all sources of income.
Important points in relation to previous year: Under the following situation the previous
year would be -
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Exception to the rule of Previous
Year: These exceptions are:
(1) An individual
(2) A Hindu undivided family
(3) A Company;
(4) A Firm;
(5) An association of persons or a body of individuals, whether incorporated or not;
(6) A local authority like Municipalities, Panchayats, Cantonment Boards, Port Trusts
etc.
(7) Every artificial juridical person Like Life Insurance Corporation, University etc.
The word ‘assessee’ has been defined in Section 2(7) of the Act according to which
assessee means a person by whom any tax or any other sum of money is payable under the Act
and includes –
A person who is liable to pay tax not only on his own income but on the income of any
another person. Deemed assesses includes legal representative, agent of non resident,
guardian or manager of an infant and lunatic, trustees and administrators etc.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
A person is said to be an assessee in default if he fails to comply with the duties imposed
upon him under the Income tax Act.
In Simple words, the aggregate amount of the following heads of income is called Gross Total
Income –
TOTAL INCOME
The following are the current rates of taxation for an individual, Hindu, Undivided Family, firm,
company and co-operative society for the assessment year 2015-16.
Tax Rates –
Applicable tax rates for the
Assessment Year 2018-19(Previous
year 2017-2018) are as follows –
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
1. Tax rates applicable on individual and HUF (less than 60 years)–
Incom Tax
e Rate
On First Rs. 250000 NIL
On Next Rs. 250001 to 5,00,000 5%
On Next Rs. 5,00,001 to 1000000 20%
On above 10,00,000 30%
2. Resident senior citizen Assessee (Whose age is 60 year or more but less than 80
years) Male or Female
Incom Tax
e Rate
On First Rs. 3,00,000 -
On Next Rs. 3,00,001 to 5,00,000 5%
On Next Rs. 5,00,001 to 10,00,000 20%
On above 10,00,000 30%
3. Super Senior Citizen Assessee (80 years or more)
Incom Tax
e Rate
On First Rs. 5,00,000 -
On Next Rs. 5,00,001 to 10,00,000 20%
On above 10,00,000 30%
4. Partnership firm - 30% flat Rate on Income of firm.
5. Domestic Company –Domestic Company 30% flat rate on income if income is more than Rs.
1 Crore then 5% Surcharge & 10% surcharge in case exceed of 10 Crore is also applicable on
tax payable.
6. Foreign Company –Foreign Company 40% flat rate on income if income is more than Rs. 1
Crore then 5% Surcharge & 10% surcharge in case exceed of 10 Crore is also applicable on tax
payable.
7. Co-operative Society –
Income Tax
Rate
On First Rs. 10,000 10%
On Next Rs. 10,000 20%
On remaining 30%
balance
8. Tax Rate on special income-
a. Long term capital gain 20%
(Flat)
b. Short term capital gain (U/s 111A) 15%
(Flat)
c. Income on lottery, horse race, Cross word Puzzle 30%
etc. (Flat)
9. Education Cess – 3% Education Cess is applicable on taxable Income of all type of assessee
but in case of company education cess is applicable after adding of surcharge (if any).
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
INCOME WHICH DOES NOT FROM PART OF TOTAL INCOME
EXEMPTED INCOME
Section -10 of Income Tax Act laye down income which is totally or partially exempted
from tax-
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
7. Allowance or perquisite outside India Sec 10(7)
8. Allowance/perquisite paid outside India by Indian Government is exempted.
9. Provident fund Sec. 10(11)
a) P.F. received from Recognised P.F. fully exempted
b) P.F. received from unrecognised P.F. Taxable
10. Superannuation fund Sec. 10(13)
11. Voluntary retirement Scheme Sec. 10(10c) (Amount received by this scheme is
exempted upto 5 lakh.)
12. Tax on perquisite paid by the employer is exempted Sec. 10 (10 CC)
13. Special Allowance Sec. 10 (14) (performing duty & compensatory allow).
1 Travel/Tour Allowance Actual or Actual Expanses
(Whichever is less)
2 Education Allowance 100/- Per month Per Child (for 2 child)
3 Hostel Allowance 300/- Per month Per Child (for 2 child)
4 Transfer Allowance 70% of Allowance
Or Whichever is
less 6,000 Rs. Per month
5 Conveyance Allowance Up to 1600/- Per month
6 Uniform Allowance Tax Free
7 Helper Allowance Actual Expenditure exempted
8 Tribal Area Allowance Up to 200 Rs. Per month
9 Field Area Allowance Rs. 2,600 Per month
10 Composite Hill Compensatory Allowance From 300 Rs. to 7000 Rs. Per month. according to
place
11 Border/Remote area allowance 200 to Rs. 1,300 Per month. according to place
12 Allowance to workers of coal mines Rs. 500 Per month
13 High Attitude allowance Rs. 1060 to Rs. 1600 Per month
14 Highly Active field area allowance Rs. 4,200 Per month
15 Modified field area allowance Rs. 1,000 per month.
16 Counter Insurgency Allowance Rs. 3,900 per month.
17 Transport Allowance Rs. 800 per month (Rs. 1600 per month in the case
of handicapped, blind or disabled employee) w.e.f.
01.04.15 Rs. 1,600 and Rs. 3,200 respectively.
18 Island (Duty) Allowance Rs. 3,250 per month.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
12. Income from mutual fund Sec. 10 (23D)
13. Income of Registered Trade unions Sec. 10 (24)
14. Income of local authorities Sec. 10(20)
15. Income of Co-operative Societies for Scheduled castes/Tribes Sec. 10 (27)
16. Income of political party Sec. 13 (A)
17. Income of the SAARC fund for regional Project Sec. 10(23BBC)
18. Income of a corporation promoting the interest of a minority community Sec. 10 (26BB)
19. Income of certain national funds Sec. 23 (c)
20. Income of Hospitals and Educational Institution association Sec. 10 (23C)
21. Exemption of income of Investor Protection Fund – Sec. 10 (23EA)
22. Income of Swachh Bharat Kosh and Clean Ganga Fund – Sec. 10 (23C)
The tax liability under income tax is determined on the basis of residential status of an
assessee but not according to the citizenship hence it becomes necessary that firstly the
residential status of an assessee should be determined.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
On the basis of residential status there are 3 categories of assessees:
1) Resident/Ordinary resident
2) Not ordinarily resident
3) Non resident
There are separate rules for different types of assessee like; individual, H.U.F., firm, companies etc.
for determination of residential status.
Individual Assessee
1) Resident / Ordinary Resident : - If an individual wants to become resident in India,
then he has to fulfill the basic condition as well as two additional conditions:
i) Basic conditions: In the basic conditions, there are two conditions. On satisfying
any one of these, it will be assumed that the basic condition is satisfied.
a) The assessee must have lived for at least 182 days in India during the
previous year.
OR
b) The assessee must have lived for at least 365 days in 4 years
preceding the previous year and at least 60days in 4 years
preceding the previous year.
1. If an assessee is an India citizen and goes aboard for the employment purpose or
leaves the country as a member of crew of an Indian ship.
2. If an assessee is an Indian citizen or an Indian origin, living in a foreign country and
comes to India on tour during the previous year.
In both these exceptional cases an assessee has to lives for at least 182 days for satisfying the
basic condition.
There are two additional conditions and assessee has to satisfy both of these conditions. These
are :
AND
ii) An assessee must have lived for at least 730 days out of 7 year
proceeding the previous years.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Thus on satisfying any of the two basic conditions and two additional conditions an
individual assessee can be termed as “ordinary resident”.
2) Not Ordinarily Resident: If an assessee satisfies the basic condition but fails to
satisfy the two additional conditions, then he will be assessed as “not ordinarily
resident”.
3) Non Resident: If an assessee fails to satisfy even the basic condition, then he will be
assessed or” non resident”.
Hindu Undivided Family (H.U.F.)
1) Resident : An HUF will be assessed as resident in India if :
a) Management and control of the business is wholly/partly situated in India.
AND
b) “Karta” of the HUF satisfies the two additional conditions.
2) Not Ordinarily Resident : An HUF will be assessed as NOR if:
a) Management and control of the business is wholly/partly situated in India
BUT
b) Karta of HUF does not satisfy the two additional conditions.
3) Non Resident: An HUF will be assessed as non resident if control and management of
the HUF is wholly situated outside in India.
1) Resident :- A firm or an AOP will be assessed as Resident of India if its control and
management is wholly/partially situated in India
2) Non Resident : A firm or an AOP will be assessed as non resident in India if it is
wholly/partly controlled and managed from outside India.
COMPANY
1) Resident : A company will be assessed as resident in India if :
i) It is an Indian Company
OR
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
RESIDENTIAL STATUS AND TAX INCIDENCE (LIABILITIES)
Tax liability of an assessee depends upon the residential status on which income he is liable to
pay tax and which incomes are not taxable for him, for determination of this matter, now we
have to understand the relationship between residence and tax liabilities :
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
UNIT-II
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Allowance
s
Fully Taxable Allowance Fully Tax free allowance Partly Taxable
allowance
(1) City compensatory allowance 1) Conveyance allowance 1) Education allowance
(2) Dearness Allowance 2) Travelling allowance 2) Hostel allowance
(3) Deputation Allowance 3) Tour allowance 3) Tribal area allowance
(4) Entertainment Allowance 4) Helper or 4) Transport allowance
(5) Family allowance assistant 5) Composite
(6) High cost of living allowance allowance hill
(7) Medical Allowance 5) Academic and compensator
(8) Non-practicing allowance research allowance y allowance
(9) Overtime allowance 6) Uniform allowance 6) Running allowance
(10) Project allowance 7) Special allowance to the employees of
(11) Rural area allowance for performing transport
(12) Servant allowance duty. undertakings
(13) Tiffin allowance Above allowances will be 7) House rent allowance
(14) Warden and fully exempted if :- 8) Under
proctor (i) Whole amount is Ground
allowance spent Allowance
(ii) Amount is spent
for office use only
= Rs. 7,200
70% of allowance
received or
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Salary = Basic Salary + D.A. Under the terms + Commission at fixed percentage
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
16) Group insurance and
accidental insurance
premium
paid by employer
17) Transfer of 10 year
old movable assets
18) Free meal upto Rs. 50
Rules Regarding Retirement
Gratuity -----------
-
received
Less :-
1. Gratuity received ----------
2. No. of Completed year x Preceding 10 month average salary ---
------ (-) --------
Whichever ---
2
3. Maximum limit Rs. 10,00,000 ----------
is less
Taxable ------------
Gratuity
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Note:- Salary will be calculated on the basis of last months receipts
Note:- Salary will be calculated on the basis of last to month’s average salary.
Taxable ------------
Amount
Note:- Salary will be calculated on the basis of last 3 month’s average salary
Amount received from statutory P.F. and Recognised P.F. will be fully exempted but
amount received from unrecognised P.F. will be taxable as under-
(i) Employer’s share with interest will be taxable in the head of salary
(ii) Interest on employee’s share will be taxable in the head of other sources.
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B.Com (Hons.) III Year Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTY
The second head of Income is income from house Property. In this head of income, we compute
the income received by an assessee from the house owned by himself. There are some
incomes which arise from house, Owned by the assessee, but not to be included in this head:
Similarly, income from subletting house or sub-tenancy will not be the part of this head.
Some incomes are been declared exempted which have arisen from house properties.
From the Income-tax point of view, house properties can be classified into 4 parts:
1. Self-Residential House:
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B.Com. V Sem (Hons) Subject- Income Tax Law And Practice
4. Some part of the house is self-occupied for the whole year and remaining portion is
let out for some period by self-occupies for the remaining period:
2/3 10 months
Self-occupied Let out
2 months
Self-
occupied
While doing valuation in this case, actual rent will be calculated of the whole house for the
let-out period only. But, fair-rent and municipal-valuation will be taken for the whole year
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B.Com. V Sem (Hons) Subject- Income Tax Law And Practice
UNIT-III
Income from Business/Profession
Third important head of the income is ‘Profit and gains of business or profession. Major part of the
revenue is collected by income tax department from the tax payees engaged in business activities.
Meaning of Business- Sec. 2 (13)
Business includes any trade, commerce or manufacture or any adventure or concern in the nature of trade,
commerce or manufacture.
“Profession” includes ‘Vocation’ Sec. 2 (36)
Profession- The expression Profession involves the idea of an occupation requiring Purely intellectual
skill or manual Skill controlled by the operator as distinguished from an occupation or business which is
substantially the production/ sale/ arrangements for the production or sale of commodities.
Vocation: In the act, It implies natural ability of person for some particular work. In the other words by
the way in which a man passes his life.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Net profit as per P & L a/c or surplus as per income & exp. a/c
Add- Disallowed expenses & Losses debited to P&L A/c:
1. Household expenses/ Personal expenses
2. Life insurance premium
3. Int. on capital
4. Income tax & wealth tax
5. Capital expenditures & capital losses/ Speculations
6. Fees & penalties (except penalty in the form of interest for late payment of sales tax)
7. Reserves & provisions (except prov. For payment of excise duty)
8. Capital expenditure on advertisement expenses new sign board.
9. Adv. In souverior of political party.
10. Donation to political parties
11. Charities & donation (except compulsory subscription for business)
12. Personal gifts & presents
13. Cash payment exceeding Rs. 20,000 of the whole amt. will be disallowed.
14. Payment outside India without TDS
15. Excess payment to relatives
16. Excess dep. Charged in P & L a/c
17. Irrelative exp. Of business
18. Fringe benefit tax (FBT)
19. Securities transaction tax (STT)
20. Income tax on perquisites
21. Valuation of closing stock
22. Exp. On intangible assets like patents copyright, know how etc. (25% dep allowed on
it)
23. Preliminary expenses (4/5 th disallowed)
24. Exp. On prospecting of minerals (9//10 disallowed)
25. Exp. On family planning program
26. Provision for Gratuity [u/s 40 A (7)] (+) –
Total -
Less- Allowed expenses and allowances which are not debited to P&L A/c
wholly/partly for instance depreciation:
1. Allowed bad debts
2. Allowed depreciation
3. Any other allowed expenses (-) -
4. Banking cash transaction tax
Less : Income not related to business but credited to P&L A/c: -
1. Rent from house property.
2. Selling price/profit from sale of assets.
3. Interest and dividend
4. Int. on post office savings a/c
5. Income tax refund
6. Agricultural income
7. Bad debts recovered which were previously disallowed as bad debts
8. Personal/ Family Gift (-) –
Add : Add- deemed income which are not recorded in the books: (+) –
Taxable Income from Business/ Profession -------
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
1. Rent, taxes, insurance, repairs etc. of the building: If an assess is running his business in a
rental house, then rent and all other expenses will be fully allowed. But if the business is
running in own house, then rent will be fully disallowed and other expenses will be allowed
proportionately. (Sec. 30)
2. Repairs & insurance of other assets: If an assessee has taken insurance of plant & machinery,
furniture, motor car etc. or spent on repairs of these assets, then the whole amount will be fully
allowed. (Sec. 31)
3. Depreciation: (sec. 32) depreciation will be allowed on all those assets at prescribed rates,
which are allowed by the assessee and are used in business of profession
Dep. On leasehold assets will not be allowed and also on foreign cars.
Dep. Will be allowed on any asset only when it is existing the business on the last day of the
previous year Mar’31, 10. If an asset has been sold or destroyed before this date, then dep. Won’t be
allowed on such asset.
If an asset is used for a period. of 180 days or more in an year, then only dep. Will be allowed for
the whole year. But, if an asset is used for less than 180 days in a year, then dep. will be allowed at
prescribed rate for the half year.
Dep. is to be calculated on the WDV of the asset which will be calculated As under:
WDV on 1st Apr. 09 ………
(+) Cost of new asset purchased (+) ………
Total ……….
(-) Sales Price of the asset sold (-) ………
WDV on 31 Mar.010
st ………
Following are the prescribed rates of depreciation on some of the important Assets.
i. Residential Building 5%
ii. Commercial Building 10%
iii. Furniture 10%
iv. Motor Car 15%
v. Scooter, motorcycle 15%
vi. Plant & Machinery 15%
vii. Intangible assets like patent, copyright, know how etc 25%
viii. Computer 60%
ix. Professional books :
a) Books annually published 100%
b) Other books 60%
20% additional dep. will be allowed on assets purchased during the previous year. But assets use for
less than 180 days rate of additional depreciation will be 10%
4. Expenditure on scientific research: Every amount of such expenditure, whether it is capital or
revenue, will be fully allowed. (Sec. 35)
5. Contribution to national laboratory: Weighted deduction of 200% will be allowed. [Sec.
35(2AA)]
6. Patents, copyright, technical know how: Exp. On them exp. On various intangible assets like
patent, copyright license, trademark, know how etc. will be treated as capital expenditure
hence it all be disallowed if it is written in P & L a/c (Sec. 35 A & 35 AB) Being a capital
expenditure, 25% dep. Will be allowed on it. (If intangible assets acquired after 31/3/98). In
case of Patent/ copyright acquired before 1/4/1998 it would be allowed in 14 years equal
installments.
7. Preliminary Expenses: They are allowable in 5 equal annual installments. It means that every
year, 1/5th will be allowed & 4/5 disallowed. (Sec. 35 D)
8. Expenditure on prospecting of minerals: Allowable in 10 equal annual installments i.e. every
year 1/10th allowed and 9/10th disallowed. (Sec. 35 E)
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
9. Exp. On family planning programs: If some amount is spent by the assessee on family planning
programs of employees, allowed fully capital expenditure is allowed 1/5 portion and revenue
expenditure whether it is capital or revenue expenses will be fully disallowed. [Sec. 36 (i) (ix)]
10. Payment for rural development program: This expense will be allowed fully only when the
payment is made to an approved institution. (Sec. 35 CCA)
11. Security, transaction Tax
12. Other deduction (Sec 36) Insurance Premium, Bonus Bad Debts, Commission, Interest on
capital, Contribution to P.F./ Gratuity fund
13. Tea, coffee & rubber Development Account (Sec. 33AB)
14. Examples of expenditure allowable as a deduction u/s 37 (1)
I. Expenses relating to sale- purchase/ Manufacturing
II. General expenses for running business.
III. Remuneration to employees
IV. Compensation/ damages
V. Legal expenses
VI. Indirect Taxes
VII. Expenditure on raising loans
VIII. Expenditure on advertisement
IX. Other expenses are allowed as per business needs
a. Guest house Expenses, Entertainment expenses, advertisement, travelling etc.
b. Telephone deposit and installation changes.
c. Expenditure on labour welfare
d. Subscription/ contribution/ fees paid to any institution in the interest of business.
e. Office expenses, Royalty, Commission, brokerage etc.
f. Civil defence expenses
g. Expenditure on training of employees/ apprentices
h. Rebate or discount allowed to customers
i. Professional tax levied by state Govt.
j. Express incurred on the occasion of Diwali Muhurat, Business anniversary/ exhibition, festival etc.
k. Interest paid for delay payment of sales tax etc.
l. Fees/ Remuneration to tax consultant/ Advocate
m. Expenses related to tax procedure/ registration of trade mark to promote family planning among
the employees.
n. Some losses are allowed like- destruction of stock due to fire, theft or war, embezzlement by
employee etc. Any other expenses/ losses related to business which is in the revenue nature
o. Audit fees
p. Taxes imposed by local authority
Allowable losses: following items of losses are allowable in the head of business or profession.
a) Lost of cash or stock due to embezzlements by employees
b) Lost of cash or stock due to theft or robbery.
c) Lost of stock due to war or natural calamity
d) Lost of lapsation of advance
Deductible expenses on actual payment: Following expenses will be deductible if it is paid before
due date of filing income tax return. These expenses are issued. [Sec. 43 (b)]
a) Govt. dues- (Tax/ duty etc.)
b) Bonus, comm. etc. payable to employees
c) Interest on intuitional loan.
d) Contribution to P.F.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
1. In case of an assessee who owns not more than 10 (at any time in the Previous year) goods
Carriages
2. Estimated profit on heavy goods vehicle or light vehicle shall be an amount equal to Rs. 7,500 (A.Y.
2018-19) for per month or part of a month.
3. Further deductions are not allowed.
4. Maintenance of books and audit is not compulsory.
5. If assessee shows income lower than a foresaid limit sec. 44AF shall not apply where the assessee
claims and produces evidence to prove this then the assessing officer shall proceed to make an
assessment of the total income/loss and determine the sum payable by the assessee. Sec 143 (3)
Assessee has to keeps and maintains such accounts Books and other documents as required u/s 44
AA & furnishes a report of such audit as required u/s 44A
6. If the assessee is a firm the salary and interest paid to its partners shall be deducted from their
income computed u/s 40 (b)
When first year and renewal commission 331/3% earned during the Previous Year
separate figures are not available
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Exception –
1. Though Property of any kind held by an assessee whether or not connected with his
business/profession is included in the definition of ‘Capital Assets’ it does not include –
1. Stock in trade
2. Personal effect Assets (which is personally used by assessee and family member)
3. Agricultural land in rural area
4. Gold Bonds
5. Special Bearer Bonds Which is issued by Central Government
6. Gold deposit bonds
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Computation of Short term capital gain/loss (For the Assessment Year 2018-19)
Sales consideration ………
Computation Of Long Term Capital Gain/Loss (For the Assessment Year 2018-19)
Formula:-
1. Calculation of Index cost of acquisition
Original Cost or fair market value on × Index for the transfer year 2015-16(1081)
Index Cost = 1.4.1981 (which ever is more)
Cost inflation Index for 1981-82 (100)
Note:- If the property is acquired before 1.4.81 then index for 1981-82 will be taken as index for the base
year.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
(ii) Agricultural land transferred and another agricultural land Cost of new land or capital gain
purchased within 2 year (Sec. 54B) (which ever is less)
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Important Points
Personal effect (clothing, future, utensils, vehicles etc.), Rural agricultural land, stock-in-trade,
Gold Bonds, are not covered under the identification of “Capital Asset”. So, profit or losing arising
from the transfer of such assets is not noticeable.
Depreciable assets will be treated as short-term asset even if such asset is held by the assessee for
Less than or more than 36 months.
Indexed cost will not be allowed for the following long-term assets-
(i) Securities, Bonds, Units and debentures of company.
(ii) Listed shares of an Indian company sold outside Stock Exchange and the assessee want to pay
tax @ 10% for long term capital gain instead of 20%
(iii) Non-resident assessee opts taxation u/s 115C to 115I in respect of foreign exchange assets.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
This is the last and residual head of charge of income. An income which does not specifically fall
under any one of the preceding four heads of income (viz Salaries. Income from house property, Profits
and gains of business or profession or Capital gains) is to be computed and brought to charge under
section 56 under the head Income from other sources.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
12 Income from machinery, plagt or furniture on hire. Rent received (-) expensed
and depreciation.
13 Agricultural income outside India Taxable
14 Income from non agricultural land in India Taxable
15 Salary of M.P. or M.L.A. Taxable
16 Income from undisclosed sources Taxable
17 Cash gifts : (if the aggregate amount exceeding Rs. Fully taxable
50,000 in a financial year) from other persons except ……………………….
relatives.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
UNIT-IV
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Rs. 15,000
(ii) Parents-maximum
Rs. 15,000
(iii) Family member of
HUF Rs. 15,000.
Add- In case senior citizen
up to Rs. 5,000 extra for
(i),(ii) &(iii)
80 DD Treatment and deposits for Resident individual & HUF Fixed deduction
disable dependent Rs. 50,000(Rs.1 Lac in
revere case)
80DDB Expenditure on serious Resident individual or HUF Actual expenditure or
diseases maximum
Rs. 40,000
80 E Payment of interest of higher Individual Actual amount of interest
education loan
80G Donation to Funds or Every person 50% or 100% of donation
Charitable institution as per provisions
80GG Rent paid Individual (a) Excess rent 10% of
toatal income
(b) 25% of total income
(c) Rs. 2,000 p.m.
Whichever is less.
80GGA Donation for Scientific Every person who has no 100% of contribution
research income from business
80GGB Contribution to political Company, firm, HUF, 100% of contribution
& GGC party individual etc.
80IA Infrastructure undertakings Company 100% of profit
(10yrs.)
Power, Industrial park
Every person 100% (10 yrs.)
80IB New undertakings profits Every person Company 30% other 25%
established during for 10 years
prescribed date
80JJA Bio degradable waste -do- 100% of profits
business
80JJAA Employment of new Indian company 30% of additional wages
workmen
80 QQB Royalty income of authors Resident Actual Royalty or
maximum Rs. 3 Lac
80U Person with disability Individual Fixed amount Rs. 50,000
revere disability Rs. 1 Lac.
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
Unit V
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B.Com 5th Sem. (Hons.) Subject- Income Tax Law & Practice
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