FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNITY

ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN

Fundamentals of Community Architecture
History of Community Architecture

Modified by:
Ar. Carlos S. Sanchez Jr, UAP, GREEEN ADP+AA
Lecturer
1.Parthenon
2.Old Temple of Athena
3.Erechtheum
4.Statue of Athena Promachos
5.Propylaea
6.Temple of Athena Nike
7.Eleusinion
8.Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia
or Brauroneion
9.Chalkotheke
10.Pandroseion
11.Arrephorion
12.Altar of Athena
13.Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
14.Sanctuary of Pandion
15.Odeon of Herodes Atticus
16.Stoa of Eumenes
17.Sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion
18.Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus
19.Odeon of Pericles
20.Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus
21.Aglaureion
• Community consciousness in many low-income neighborhoods
emerged in the early 1960s.
• 1964 Economic Opportunity Act’s Community Action Agencies
and the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s
Office of Neighborhood Development.
• 1960s and early 1970 in US, Architecture-Research-Construction
(ARC) remodeled hospital wards, community-based treatment
centers and group homes, working with patients, staff and
administrators in a participatory design process.
• Founded in 1973, Asian Neighborhood Design (AND) began
working on issues in San Francisco ‘s Chinatown
• Community design centers look to organizers, neighborhood
Urban memories: cities in the 1960s
planning groups, individual low-income clients, community
service committees and non-profit boards of directors for its
leadership in building communities.
 the that
offers itself for community, use or
the community
participation, in a profound
. It
means permanent and
temporary amenities both at
urbanistic level- public spaces.
(Mihaela Zamfir, 2015).
-It involves building and landscape design that enhance human well-being by fostering
positive connections between people and natural environment. It is an innovative
design approach that aims to maintain, enhance and restore the benefits of experiencing
nature in the built environment.

Socio-cultural factors are customs, lifestyles and values that characterize a society or
group.

is the “deliberate attempt to translate an

understanding of biophilia into the design of the built
environment” (Kellert, 2008).
 https://www.activesustainability.com/construction-and-urban-development/biophilic-architecture/?_adin=02021864894

We humans are innately connected to nature, even though half the present global population live
in cities well away from vast plains or lush forests. Biophilic architecture emerged in an attempt to
address this situation.

is the construction industry’s response to new environmental challenges

in cities and the concept of urban regeneration.
Cultural appropriation is the inappropriate or
unacknowledged adoption of an element or
elements of one culture or identity by members of
another culture or identity.

This takes place when members of a majority

group adopt cultural elements of a minority group
in an exploitative, disrespectful, or stereotypical
way cultural exchange, cultural domination,
cultural exploitation and transculturation

Population ageing and urbanization, Does fashion have a cultural appropriation problem?
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-46297329
determing a change of perspective that is
multidimensional
• refers to the theoretical and practical
concerns from the architecture in community
field.

• specialists of various fields: architects,

sociologists, psychologists, artists, medical
doctors, engineers, urban planners,
environmental planners.

• an integrative capacity of corroboration of

information from various related fields, by a
multi-criteria approach, by a teamwork. The
community architect gives an increasing
importance to the social values.
https://www.activesustainability.com/construction-and-urban-
development/biophilic-architecture/?_adin=02021864894
• evokes my own sphere of interest in this
field of community architecture, in
promoting its social values.

• Even if the association may seem somehow

unusual, drawing, design, biological
sciences and especially anatomy, chemistry,
social sciences and finally architecture give
sense to my long time concerns.

The Principles of Social Value

Source: https://www.socialvalueint.org/principles
 Conventional architecture
Status of user Users are passive recipients
of an environment
conceived, executed,
managed and evaluated
by others: corporate, public
or private sector
landowners and developers
with professional experts
User/expert relationship Remote, arm’s length. Little
if any direct contact. Experts
–commissioned by
landowners and developers
–occasionally make
superficial attempts to
define and consult end-
users, but their attitudes are
mostly paternalistic and
patronizing
Community architecture
Users are –or are treated
as –the clients. They are
offered (or take) control
of commissioning,
designing, developing,
managing, and evaluating
their environment, and may
sometimes be physically
involved in construction
Creative alliance and
working partnership.
Experts are commissioned
by, and are accountable
to users, or behave as if
they are.
 Conventional architecture
Expert’s role Provider, neutral bureaucrat,
elitist, ‘one of them’,
manipulator of people to
fit the system, a
professional in the
institutional sense. Remote
and inaccessible.
Scale of project Generally large and often
cumbersome. Determined
by pattern of land
ownership and the need for
efficient mass production
and simple management.
Community architecture
Enabler, facilitator, and
‘social entrepreneur’,
educator, ‘one of us’,
manipulator of the system
to fit the people and
challenger of the status
quo; a professional as a
competent and efficient
adviser. Locally based and
accessible
Generally small, responsive
and determined by the
nature of the project, the
local building industry and
the participants. Large sites
generally broken down
into manageable packages.
 Conventional architecture Community architecture
Location of project Fashionable and wealthy Anywhere, but most likely
existing residential, to be urban, or periphery of
commercial and industrial urban areas; area of
areas preferred. Otherwise single or multiple
a greenfield site with deprivation; derelict or
infrastructure (roads, power, decaying environment.
water supply, and
drainage, etc.): i. e. no
constraints.
Use of project Likely to be a single Likely to be muti-functional
function or two or three
complimentary activities
(e.g. commercial, housing
or industrial)
 Conventional architecture
Design style Self-conscious about style;
most likely „international‟
or „modern movement‟.
Increasingly one of the
other fashionable and
identifiable styles: post-
modern, hi-tech, neo-
vernacular or classical
revival. Restrained and
sometimes frigid; utilitarian
Technology/resources Tendency towards: mass
production, prefabrication,
repetition, global supply of
materials, machine-friendly
technology, „clean sweep‟
and new build, machine
intensive, capital intensive
Community architecture
Unselfconscious about style.
Any style may be
adopted as appropriate.
Most likely to be
„contextual‟, „regional‟
(place-specific) with concern
for identity. Loose and
sometimes exuberant;
often highly decorative,
using local artists
Tendency toward: small-
scale production, on-site
construction,individuality,
local supply of materials,
user-friendly (convivial)
technology, re-use, recycling
and conservation, labour
and time intensive.
 Conventional architecture
End product Static, slowly deteriorates,
hard to manage and
maintain, high energy
consumption
Community architecture
Flexible, slowly improving,
easy to manage and
maintain, low energy
consumption