Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURE...................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF TABLE ....................................................................................................................... 4
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Material type used ............................................................................................................ 5
2. Design of floor slab ............................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Overview of slab design................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Procedures ................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Design of slab .................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.1 Load determination Live load ................................................................................. 10
2.3.2 Determination of slab depth .................................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Loading ................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Support and span moment calculation ...................................................................... 17
2.5 Moment adjustment ....................................................................................................... 19
2.5.1 Support moment adjustment ................................................................................... 19
2.5.2 Span moment adjustment ........................................................................................ 21
2.6 Load transfer to beams ................................................................................................... 23
2.7 Span reinforcement calculations panel 1 ....................................................................... 26
2.7.1 Longitudinal / main reinforcement ......................................................................... 26
2.7.2 Distribution reinforcement ...................................................................................... 27
2.8 Support reinforcement calculation ................................................................................. 28
3. Analysis and design of stair case ......................................................................................... 31
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 31
3.2 Depth determination....................................................................................................... 31
3.3 Load calculation ............................................................................................................. 32
4. Beam design ......................................................................................................................... 37
4.1 introduction .................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 design of beam ............................................................................................................... 37
4.2.1 Determination of depth ........................................................................................... 38
4.2.2 Support moment ...................................................................................................... 38
4.2.3 Check concrete shear capacity ................................................................................ 40
4.24 Check concrete for diagonal compression ............................................................... 41
 4.2.5 Calculating the required shear reinforcement ......................................................... 41
5. Column design ..................................................................................................................... 44
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 44
LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 cantilever slabs with and without edge wall ................................................................ 8

figure 2 moments on two-way slab ............................................................................................ 9
Figure 3 First floor slab............................................................................................................ 11
Figure 4 factors for adjusting span moment ............................................................................ 22
Figure 5Slab detail ................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 6 STAIR ........................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 7BEAM DETAIL ........................................................................................................ 43
Figure 8 DETAIL OF COLUMN .......................................................................................... 46
LIST OF TABLE

Table 1MOMENT CALCULATION ...................................................................................... 18

Table 2 MOMENT ADJUSTMENT ....................................................................................... 20
Table 3 Field moment adjustment............................................................................................ 23
Table 4 Shear transfer .............................................................................................................. 25
Table 5 REINFORCMENT CALCULATION ........................................................................ 28
Table 6 Reinforcement calculation 2 ....................................................................................... 29
 1. Introduction

This project work consists of a structural designs of beam, slab, stair and column in
Multipurpose G+1 Reinforced concrete building. The building is composed of solid slab in all
of the floors. Live load and dead load analysis is made according to as per ES EN 1991-1-
1:2015 and ES EN 1992:2015

1.1 Objectives

General objective of the project is design of G+1 beam, slab, stair and column of the
building.

1.2 Material type used

 Concrete C-25/30
 Rebar S-500
 Rebar S-500

Design strength

 𝑓𝑐𝑘= 25 Mpa
0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗25
 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.17 𝑀𝑝𝑎
1.5 1.5
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =500 Mpa for ф > 10
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =300 Mpa for ф < 10
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 434.78 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 260.87 𝑀𝑝𝑎
 2. Design of floor slab

There are two types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms. These are one way
and two way slabs. One-way slabs transmit their load in one direction while two way slabs
resist applied load in two directions.

These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges by walls
or beams stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.

2.1 Overview of slab design

2.2.1 Procedures
Determining the loads

Slabs support area loads. The loads carried by slabs are of two types. These are
live load and dead load.

Live load

Live load or imposed loads are loads on the structure are those arising from occupancy. They
depend on the particular function of the slab. To determine the live load on a slab, we first
determine its occupancy or function.as per ES EN 1991-1-1:2015 section 6.3 PUTS possible
building occupancies in different categories. also gives the respective live load
value for each category on table 6.2. we will take this area loads and place them
on each slab according to their category.

DEPTH DETERMINATION

Materials used C-25/30 F ck = 25 Mpa

S- 500 F yk =500 Mpa

Where:
L/d is the limit span/depth

K is the factor to take into account the different structural systems

ρo is the reference reinforcement ratio = √Fck 10-3

ρ is the required tension reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist the moment

due to the design loads (at support for cantilevers)

ρ´ is the required compression reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist the

moment due to design loads (at support for cantilevers)

Fck is in Mpa units

By adding the concrete cover and half of reinforcement diameter, we will get the
overall depth of the slab.

Dead load

These loads are come from materials that are permanently attached to the slab. Some of the
sources of dead load are shown on figure below and are the following

 Slab it-self
 Celling plaster (below slab)
 Cement screed (above slab)
 Finishing material (Above slab)
 Exterior and interior walls resting on the slab

For the walls, we first check whether the factored area load from the wall exceeds 20 % of the
design load without wall load. If this wall load does not exceed 20% of the design load no need
to check shear capacity of slab. However, if the wall load exceeds 20% of the design load
checks shear capacity of the slab. After determining both dead load and live load, we will
calculate the design load by applying safety factors.
FIGURE 1 CANTILEVER SLABS WITH AND WITHOUT EDGE WALL

Using the span length and the loads, we will calculate the maximum moment that will occur
on the slab. Once we computed the maximum moment, we can proceed to the next design steps.
To do this we first have to calculate some design parameters need for the calculation. Then
adjust moment on the slab and using the adjusted moment find the amount of reinforcement.
From the steel area required, we can determine the spacing that should be used to provide rebar
area that is equal to the calculated area of steel. We check whether the spacing we calculate is
below the maximum amount of spacing allowed.
If our calculated spacing exceeds the maximum spacing allowed, we will take the maximum
spacing. Once we adjusted the spacing in to a value that can be easily used, the calculation of
main reinforcement (shorter direction) for the one way slab will be done. For the longer
direction (transvers direction), we do not have to calculate the moment and reinforcement since
entire load is transferred along the shorter direction. Instead, we will calculate the nominal
amount of reinforcement spacing needed.

Two-way slabs
For two-way slabs with edges either simply supported or fully fixed are calculated as follows:

Where:-

Mi is the design moment per unit width at the point of reference

𝑃𝑑 Factored uniformly distributed design live and dead load

Lx is the shorter span of the panel

αi is the coefficient given in EBCS 2 1995 page 11 Table A-I as function of span ratio,

Ly/Lx and support conditions.

Using the formula we will be able to calculate 4 moments, which are represented in figure15
  Span moment on the shorter side, Mxs
 Span moment on the longer side, Mys
 Field moment on the shorter side, Mxf
 Field moment on the longer side, Myf

FIGURE 2 MOMENTS ON TWO-WAY SLAB

Support moment adjustment

Often the support moment of one slab is not equal to the support moment of the adjacent
slab. This will require us to do support adjustment. To determine which method we have to
use we will check whether the difference of the two adjacent moments exceed 10% of the
larger moment. If it does not exceed we will use method I but if it exceed we will use
method II.

Method I

If difference of the two moments (ΔM) is less than 10% of the larger moment, the adjusted
moment will simply be the average of the two moment values.

Method II

If difference of the two moments (ΔM) is greater than 10% of the larger moment, the
adjusted moment have to be calculated considering the stiffness of the adjacent slabs.

2.3 Design of slab

We begin our analysis by determining the dead load and live load imposed on the slab.
2.3.1 Load determination Live load
As this load depends on the occupancy/function of the floor. From the architectural design, we
can see that the slab serves one functions. For slabs supporting one occupancies with different
live load, we will take the larger live load to be on the safe side. Both bedroom and bathroom
are listed under category A, Office areas are categorized under category B and Areas where
people may congregate are categorized under category C. Therefore we do have to choose the
larger. From the categories general use the given live load on PrES EN 1991-1-1:2015 table
6.2 is 3.0kN/m2.

Dead load

The primary permanent load on the slab is the weight of the slab itself. Other than the slab, the
finishing works lay on the slab including ceiling plaster, cement screed and finishing materials
are dead loads on the slab.

For finishing material: from the architectural drawing, we can see that the finishing material
of the slab. These materials exert different amount of load on the slab. To be on the safe side,
we will take the finishing material that exerts larger load on the slab.

Now we can get the overall dead load on the slab excluding the walls supported by the slab by
adding the above loads. Instead of distributing the wall load exerted at the end, we will place
them as a line load at the edge of the cantilever slab.

Moment determination

Since we have two types of loading at the same time, we will use superimposition. We will
calculate the maximum moment for both loading conditions and add the result.

Support moment adjustment

Before we go to calculating reinforcement for our slab, we have to adjust the moment we
calculated with the support moment of the adjacent slabs

During design of cantilever slabs, we will only make support adjustments if the support
moment of the cantilever slab is less than the support moment of the adjacent slab.
 FIGURE 3 FIRST FLOOR SLAB

2.3.2 Determination of slab depth

Generally, it is not necessary to calculate the deflections explicitly as simple rules, for example
limits to span/depth ratio may be formulated, which will be adequate for avoiding deflection
problems in normal circumstances.

The limiting span/depth ratio may be estimated using Expressions shown below and
multiplying this by correction factors to allow for the type of reinforcement used and other
variables, from prES EN 1991-1-1:2015, Sec.7.4

The Slab is lightly stressed (ρ= 0.5%) in accordance with prES EN 1991-1-1:2015, Table
7.4N

Determination of depth

Materials used C-25/30 F ck = 25 Mpa

S- 500 F yk =500 Mpa

Assumption - concrete lightly stressed ρ=0.5% ES EN 1992:2015 table 7.4N

ρo = √𝐹𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = √25 ∗ 10−3= 0.5%

ρ < ρo Implies 0.5% < 0.5% ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 article 7.4.3 Expressions (7.16a)
For end span (panel 1)

4200 0.5
0.8 = 1.3 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 139.71 mm
𝑑 0.5

For end span (panel 3 and 7)

3800 0.5
0.8 = 1.3 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 109.55 mm
𝑑 0.5

For end span (panel 4)

5700 0.5
0.8 = 1.3 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 189.60 mm
𝑑 0.5

For interior span (panel 2 and 6)

3800 0.5
0.8 = 1.5 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 109.55 mm
𝑑 0.5

K= 1.5 for intermediate span ES EN 1992:2015 table 7.4N

For interior span (panel 5)

4000 0.5
0.8 = 1.5 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 115.32 mm
𝑑 0.5

For cantilever (1 and 2)

650 0.5
0.8 = 0.4 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 109.55 mm
𝑑 0.5

K= 0.4 for cantilever ES EN 1992:2015 table 7.4N

For Balcony
1650 0.5
0.8 = 0.4 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 151.35 mm
𝑑 0.5

Therefore the governing effective depth equals to 189.60 mm

Use Φ10mm and clear cover 15mm

D= d+ c/c +Φ/2 = 189.60 + 15 + (10/2) = 209.6 mm ≈ 210mm

2.3.3 Loading
Panel 1
Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Ceramic tile=tc* γc =0.02*22=0.44 kN/ m2

Partition load tw=0.15m lw=5m h=2.8m

0.15∗5∗2.81
= *14= 1.23 kN/ m2
4.2∗5.7

Total dead load DLt=1.23+ 5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=8.65 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*8.65 + 1.5*3 = 16.18 kN/m2

Panel 2

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Ceramic tile=tc* γc =0.02*22=0.44 kN/ m2

Partition load tw=0.15m lw=5m h=2.81m

0.15∗5∗2.81
= *14= 1.23 kN/ m2
4.2∗5.7

0.15∗6.45∗2.81
= *14= 2.38 kN/ m2
4.2∗3.8

Total dead load DLt=2.38+1.23+ 5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=11.03 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*11.03 + 1.5*3 = 19.39 kN/m2

Panel 3

Dead load D=210 mm

 Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2
Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Plastic tile=tp* γp =0.02*23.6=0.44 kN/ m2
Wall load = 0

Total dead load DLt=5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=7.45 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*7.45 + 1.5*3 = 14.19 kN/m2

Panel 4

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Plastic tile=tp* γp =0.02*23.6=0.44 kN/ m2

0.2∗3.5∗2.81
= *14= 0.83 kN/ m2
5.8∗5.7

Total dead load DLt=0.83+5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=8.25 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*8.25 + 1.5*3 = 15.64 kN/m2

Panel 5

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Marble =tm* γm =0.02*27.11=0.54 kN/ m2

0.15∗3.6∗2.81
= *14= 0.91 kN/ m2
5.8∗4

Total dead load DLt=0.91+5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=8.44 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*8.44 + 1.5*3 = 15.89 kN/m2

Panel 6

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Plastic tile=tp* γp =0.02*23.6=0.44 kN/ m2

0.15∗7∗2.81
= *14= 1.19 kN/ m2
5.8∗3.8

Total dead load DLt=1.19 +5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=8.61 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*8.61 + 1.5*3 = 16.12 kN/m2

Panel 7

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Plastic tile=tp* γp =0.02*23.6=0.44 kN/ m2

0.20∗5.5∗2.81
= *14= 2.01 kN/ m2
5.8∗3.7

Total dead load DLt=2.01 +5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=9.44 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*9.44 + 1.5*3 = 17.24 kN/m2

Balcony

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

 Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Marble =tm* γm =0.02*27.11=0.54 kN/ m2

Total dead load DLt=5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=7.52 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*7.52 + 1.5*3 = 14.80 kN/m2

Cantilever 1

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Ceramic tile=tc* γc =0.02*22=0.44 kN/ m2

Partition load tw=0.15m lw=0.45m h=2.81m

0.15∗0.45∗2.81
= *14= 0.72 kN/ m2
0.65∗5.7

Total dead load DLt=0.72+ 5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=8.14 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*8.14 + 1.5*3 = 15.49 kN/m2

Cantilever 2

Dead load D=210 mm

Rc slab= ts*γs = 0.21*25=5.25 kN/m2

Slab plastering=tp* γs =0.025*23=0.58 kN/ m2
Cement screed=tc* γs =0.05*23=1.15 kN/ m2
Ceramic tile=tc* γc =0.02*22=0.44 kN/ m2

Partition load tw=0.15m lw=0.45m h=2.81m

0.15∗0.45∗2.81
= *14= 1.08 kN/ m2
3.8∗0.65

Total dead load DLt=1.08+1.23+ 5.25+0.58+1.15+0.44=9.73 kN/ m2

Live load LL = 3kN/m2

Design load (Pd)= 1.35DLt + 1.5LL = 1.35*9.73 + 1.5*3 = 17.64 kN/m

2.4 Support and span moment calculation

The moment coefficient for panel 1 can be determined by interpolation

 Maximum support and span moment: Span ratio: ly/lx= 1.36

 Coefficients for support condition - 2

Values of ly/lx Long span coefficients

Coefficient αys& αyf, for all values of

1.3 1.36 1.4
ly/lx

αxs 0.052 0.054 0.055 0.039

αxf 0.09 0.040 0.041 0.029

Mxs= αxs*wd*lx2 = 0.054*16.18*4.22=15.41KN.m

Mxf= αxf*wd*lx2 = 0.040*16.18*4.22=11.42KN.m
Mys= αys*wd*lx2 = 0.039*16.18*4.22=11.13 KN.m
Myf= αyf*wd*lx2 = 0.029*16.18*4.22=8.27 KN.m

For cantilever 1

Mmax = [15.49 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 0.65/2] + [45.32 ∗ 0.65] = 32.73 kN/m2

Vmax = 15.49*0.65 = 10.07 KN

For cantilever 2

Mmax = [17.64 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 0.65/2] + [29.90 ∗ 0.65] = 23.16 kN/m2

Vmax = 17.64*0.65 = 11.42 KN

For Balcony 3

Mmax = [14.80 ∗ 1.4 ∗ 1.4/2] + [7.24 ∗ 1.4] = 24.64 kN/m2

Vmax = 14.80*1.4 = 20.72 KN

TABLE 1MOMENT CALCULATION

Panel Support condition Lx(m) Pd Moment Bending

no coefficient moment
KN/m calculation(KN
m/m)
𝛼xs=0.054 Mxs=15.41

𝛼xf=0.040 Mxf=11.42

P1 4.2 16.18 𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.039 Mys=11.13

𝛼yf=0.029 Myf=8.27

3.8 19.39 𝛼xs=0.037 Mxs=10.35

P2 𝛼xf=0.028 Mxf=7.84

𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.032 Mys=8.96

𝛼yf=0.024 Myf= 6.72

𝛼xs=0.056 Mxs=8.94

𝛼xf=0.042 Mxf=6.60

P3 𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.032 Mys=13.02

3.7 14.19 𝛼yf=0.024 Myf=9.71

𝛼xs=0.049 Mxs=24.90

𝛼xf=0.037 Mxf=18.80

5.7 15.64 𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.047 Mys=23.88

P4 𝛼yf=0.036 Myf=18.29
 𝛼xs=0.070 Mxs=17.22

𝛼xf=0.053 Mxf=13.04

P5 4 15.89 𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.039 Mys=9.08

𝛼yf=0.050 Myf=6.98

𝛼xs=0.074 Mxs=17.22

𝛼xf=0.056 Mxf=13.04

𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.039 Mys=9.08

P6 3.8 16.12 𝛼yf=0.030 Myf=6.98

𝛼xs=0.066 Mxs=15.58

𝛼xf=0.044 Mxf=10.38

P7 3.7 17.24 𝛼𝑦𝑠 =0.047 Mys=11.09

𝛼yf=0.036 Myf=8.50

2.5 Moment adjustment

2.5.1 Support moment adjustment

Adjustment between panel-2 and panel-3 (along X-direction)

∆m = Mmax – Mmin

∆m = 10.35-8.94

∆m = 1.41 KNm

10% of Mmax = 0.1*10.35 = 1.035 KNm

∆m > 10% of Mlarger

1.41 KNm > 1.035 KNm, this implies that adjust the moments by considering stiffness

1 1
3.8 3.7
= 1 1 = 0.493 = 1 1 = 0.507
+
3.8 3.7
+
3.8 3.7
Md = Mmax – DFmax*∆m Md = Mmin+DFmin*∆m
Md = 10.35 – 0.493*1.41 Md = 8.94 + 0.507*1.41
Md = 9.65 KNm Md= 9.65 KNm
TABLE 2 MOMENT ADJUSTMENT

Along X

Location K DF Unbalanced Balanced

MOMENT Moment moment

P2 & P3 0.26I 0.493 Mlarger 10.35 9.65

0.27I 0.507 Msmaller 8.94 9.65

P4& P5 0.18I 0.412 Mlarger 24.90 21.97

0.25I 0.588 Msmaller 17.80 21.97

P5 & P6 Less than 10% Mlarger 17.80 17.51

Take average Msmaller 17.22 17.51

P6 & P7 Less than 10% Mlarger 17.22 16.4

Take average Msmaller 15.58 16.4

Along Y

Location K DF Unbalanced Balanced

MOMENT Moment moment

P1 & P4 0.24I 0.58 Mlarger 18.80 16.83

0.17I 0.42 Msmaller 15.41 16.8

P2& P6 0.24I 0.58 Mlarger 13.04 10.02

0.17I 0.42 Msmaller 7.84 10.02

P5 & P7 0.24I 0.58 Mlarger 10.38 8.19

0.17I 0.42 Msmaller 16.60 8.19

P5& B3 0.17I 0.194 Mlarger 24.69 22.40

0.71I 0.806 Msmaller 13.47 22.40

P6 & B3 0.17I 0.194 Mlarger 24.69 23.12

0.71I 0.806 Msmaller 13.04 23.12

P1& C1 0.24I 0.134 Mlarger 32.73 30.41

1.05I 0.866 Msmaller 15.41 30.41

P2& C2 0.17I 0.134 Mlarger 23.16 21.11

1.05I 0.866 Msmaller 7.84 21.11

P3& P1 0.17I 0.25 Mlarger 20.72 17.19

0.24I 0.75 Msmaller 6.60 17.19

P3& P7 0.17I 0.42 Mlarger 10.38 8.79

1.05I 0.58 Msmaller 6.60 8.79

P1& B3 0.24I 0.506 Mlarger 20.72 13.58

0.24I 0.494 Msmaller 6.60 13.58

2.5.2 Span moment adjustment

For panels whose support has decreased, there will an increase in their field moment. And
this increase in field moment is calculated using the following formulas:

ΔMxf = Cx1*ΔMxs + Cx2*ΔMys

ΔMyf = Cy1*ΔMxs + Cy2*ΔMys

The adjusted field moment will be:

ΔMxf (adj.) = Mxf + (Cx1*ΔMxs + Cx2*ΔMys)

ΔMyf (adj.) = Myf + (Cx1*ΔMxs + Cx2*ΔMys)

Where

 Mxf & Myf: - initially (before support moment adjustment was made) calculated field
moments in shorter and longer direction respectively
 ΔMxs & ΔMys: - the difference between final support moment after support moment
adjustment and initial support moment in shorter and longer direction respectively.
 Cx1 & Cx2:- factors for adjusting field moment in the shorter direction, ( Mxf) taken
from EBCS-2 Table A-2
 Cy1 & Cy2:- factors for adjusting field moment in the longer direction, (Myf ) taken
from EBCS-2 Table A-2
  ΔMxf (adj.) & ΔMyf (adj.):- the adjusted field moments in the shorter and longer
direction respectively

Figure 4 factors for adjusting span moment

Panel 4

 Mxs original=18.80 KNm ∆Mxs=18.80-16.83=1.97

 Mxs adjusted=16.38 KNm
 Mys original=24.90 KNm ∆Mys= 24.90-21.32 = 2.93
 Mys adjusted=21.97 KNm
 Span ratio = ly/lx= 1.02

Short span Long span

Ly/Lx=1.63 Cx Cy Cx Cy
1.1 0.295 0.083 0.443 0.289
1.02 0.375 0.268 0.287 0.379
1.2 0.285 0.074 0.461 0.272

 ∆Mxf=∆Mxs * Cx(Short) +∆Mys * Cx(long)

=0.375*1.97+ 0.287*2.93= 1.58

 ∆Myf=∆Mxs * CyShort+ ∆Mys * Cylong

=0.268*1.97 + 0.379*2.93= 1.64

The adjusted field moment will be

 Mxf=∆Mxf+Mxf(original)
=01.58+23.88 =25.46 KNm

 Myf=∆Myf+Myf(original)
=1.64+16.65=18.29 KNm
TABLE 3 FIELD MOMENT ADJUSTMENT

Ly/Lx Cx Cy Cx Cy ∆Mxs ∆Mys adjust

Panel moment original Short Short long long ed
P4 Mxf 23.88 1.02 0.375 0.268 0.287 0.379 1.97 2.93 25.46
Myf 16.65 18.29
13.2
P2 Mxf 8.96 1.1 0.315 0.220 0.212 0.380 7 0.7 8.96
Myf 6.72 9.90
P6 Mxf 9.08 1.53 0.302 0.091 0.428 0.304 1.26 0.52 10.34
Myf 6.98 7.5
P7 Mxf 11.09 1.57 0.298 0.086 0.436 0.2953 2.14 1.27 13.23
Myf 8.5 9.77
2.6 Load transfer to beams

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spacing in two directions at right angles
supporting uniform load may be calculated using: [EBCS 2, 1995 PART 1]

Vx= βvxPd Lx

Vy= βvyPd Lx

According to our code (EBCS 2, 1995), it says that the loads from slab should distribute on
0.75L so to fill the load overall span we should reduce the load by multiplying 0.914 to proof
this concept:

MFAB = w2c L  bb2  ( L  b)m2 

L  3 

MFBA =  w2c L  aa2  ( L  a)m2 

L  3 
Now in this case a=b=L/2

m=c/2 =0.75L/2 = (3/8) L

c= (3/4) L

Now to have equal effect on the supports from the load we should have equal MF

w' L2
MF   0.083w' L2
12

Now from the above

MFAB =

3w   L   L  9L2  
3

=       =0.076172wL2

8L   2   6  64  

Now 0.083w1L2 should equal to 0.076172wL2

 w1 =0.076172w =0.914w

0.083

 Modification factor for the slab load is 0.914

Beam carries

 slab load

 It's weight ( self-weight )

 Weight of wall on it, if any

 Stair load

 roof load

SAMPLE CALCULATION
 For 1st floor
For panel P1
Aspect ratio=1.36
Values of ly/lx Long span coefficients
Coefficient
1.3 1.36 1.4 βvyc& βvyd for all values of ly/lx
βvxc 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.40
βvxd 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.26

Shear force for slab panel P1

 Vxc=0.51*4.2*16.18= 34.66 KN
 Vxd=0.34*4.2*16.18=23.10 KN
 Vyc=0.40*4.2*16.18= 27.28 KN
 Vyd=0.26*4.2*16.18= 17.67 KN
For panel P2
Aspect ratio=1.10
Values of ly/lx Long span coefficients
Coefficient βvyc& βvyd for all values of ly/lx
1.10
𝛽 vxc 0.36 0.33
βvxd 0 0

Shear force for slab panel P2

 Vxc=0.36*3.8*19.39= 26.23 KN
 Vxd=0*3.8*19.39=0 KN
 Vyc=0.33*3.8*19.39= 23.13 KN
 Vyd=0*3.8*19.39=0 KN

TABLE 4 SHEAR TRANSFER

Panel Support Lx Ly/Lx PD shear coefficient design load modified design load
βvxc βvxd βvyc βvyd
condition Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd
P-1 2 4.20 1.36 16.18 0.51 0.34 0.40 0.26 34.66 23.10 27.18 17.67 31.68 21.11 24.84 16.15
P -2 1 3.80 1.10 19.39 0.356 0.220 0.314 0.374 26.63 16.21 23.13 27.56 24.62 14.89 21.15 24.32
P -3 4 3.70 1.14 14.19 0.347 0.196 0.39 0.369 18.22 10.29 20.48 19.37 16.53 9.15 18.9 17.89
P -4 4 5.70 1.02 15.64 0.378 0.270 0.275 0.379 89.15 63.68 24.56 3.85 81.75 58.95 21.69 3.12
P -5 3 4.00 1.45 15.89 0.31 0.102 0.410 0.320 19.70 6.48 26.06 18.99 17.22 5.36 22.79 16.65
P -6 3 3.80 1.53 16.12 0.12 0.102 0.432 0.310 7.35 6.25 26.46 18.99 6.22 5.13 23.22 16.23
P -7 4 3.70 1.14 17.24 0.347 0.196 0.329 0.369 22.13 12.50 20.99 23.58 19.75 10.33 18.22 21.02

2.7 Span reinforcement calculations panel 1

2.7.1 Longitudinal / main reinforcement

 D = 210 mm
 use ф10 mm main bar
 clear cover = 15 mm
 d = D − ф 2 − 𝑐𝑐 = 210 – 10/ 2 − 15 = 190 𝑚𝑚
b = 1000 mm
Msd = Mdx = 11.13 kNm

= 19.41 * 106 / 14.17*1000*1902 = 0.038

Kz = 0.965 , Z= Kz*d = 0.967*190 = 183.35 mm

= 19.41 * 106 / 183.35*434.78 = 243.48 mm2 < As,min

2.56∗1000∗188
𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26[ ] > 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 188
500

𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 250.27 𝑚𝑚2 > 244.4 𝑚𝑚2

As,min = 250.27 mm2

As,provided = 250.27 𝒎𝒎𝟐

[1000∗78.54]
= = 313.82 mm ≈ 300 mm
250.27

Therefor adopt ф10mm c/c 300 mm

2.7.2 Distribution reinforcement
 D = 210 mm
 use ф10 mm main bar
 clear cover = 15 mm
 d = D − ф 2 − 𝑐𝑐 = 210 – 10/ 2 − 15 = 190 𝑚𝑚
b = 1000 mm
Msd = Mdx = 8.27 kNm

= 8.27 * 106 / 14.17*1000*1902 = 0.018

Kz = 0.965 , Z= Kz*d = 0.967*190 = 183.35 mm

= 8.27 * 106 / 183.35*434.78 = 103.74 mm2 < As,min

2.56∗1000∗190
𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26[ ] > 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 190
500

𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 250.27 𝑚𝑚2 > 244.4 𝑚𝑚2

As,min = 250.27 mm2

As,provided = 250.27 𝒎𝒎𝟐

[1000∗78.54]
= = 313.82 mm ≈ 300 mm
250.27

Therefor adopt ф10mm c/c 300 mm

 Table 5 REINFORCMENT CALCULATION

2.8 Support reinforcement calculation

Between Panel 1 and Panel 4

 D = 210 mm
 use ф10 mm main bar
 clear cover = 15 mm
 d = D − ф 2 − 𝑐𝑐 = 210 – 10/ 2 − 15 = 190 𝑚𝑚
b = 1000 mm
Md = 16.83 kNm

= 16.83 * 106 / 14.17*1000*1902 = 0.04

Kz = 0.976 , Z= Kz*d = 0.976*190 = 185.44 mm

= 16.83 * 106 / 183.35*434.78 = 211.12 mm2 < As,min

2.56∗1000∗190
𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26[ ] > 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 190
500
 𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 250.27 𝑚𝑚2 > 244.4 𝑚𝑚2

As,min = 250.27 mm2

As,provided = 250.27 𝒎𝒎𝟐

[1000∗78.54]
= = 313.82 mm ≈ 300 mm
250.27

Therefor adopt ф10mm c/c 300 mm

TABLE 6 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION 2

SLAB DETAIL
FIGURE 5SLAB DETAIL
3. Analysis and design of stair case

The following subjects are discussed on this chapter.

 Introduction note about staircase
 Overview of staircase analysis and design procedures
 Staircase analysis and design for the stair case of our structure which
Includes:
 Determination of depth
 Determining the design load on all sections of the staircase
 Determining the moment shear load for all sections of the staircase
 Calculating the amount of reinforcement needed
 Detailing drawing showing the bar schedule for both staircase

3.1 Introduction

A stair is a series of steps arranged in such a manner as to connect different floors of a

building. Stairs are designed to provide easy and quick access to different floors. A
staircase is an enclosure which contains the complete stairway.
Material used

 Concrete C-25/30
 Rebar S-500
 Rebar S-500

Design strength

 𝑓𝑐𝑘= 25 Mpa
0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗25
 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.17 𝑀𝑝𝑎
1.5 1.5
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =500 Mpa for ф > 10
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =300 Mpa for ф < 10
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 434.78 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 260.87 𝑀𝑝𝑎
Floor finish
 Marble = 20 mm
 Plastering = 25mm
 Cement screed = 30 mm

3.2 Depth determination

Assume lightly stressed concrete; ρ=0.5%, Fck = 25 Mpa

ρo = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = √25 ∗ 10−3 = 0.5 %

K=1.0 for one – or two-way spanning simply supported slab prES EN 1992-1-1-2015 sec 7.4
Effective depth for 1st flight and 2nd flight

4200 0.5
0.8 = 1 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 181.62 mm
𝑑 0.5

So the governing effective depth is 181.62 mm

Use ф14 mm main bar

𝐷 = 𝑑 +ф/2+ 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 181.62 +14/2+ 15 = 203.62 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 210 𝑚𝑚

FIGURE 6 STAIR

1st flight and 2nd flight

 Riser = 17 cm
 Thread = 30 cm
 Stair width = 130 cm

Slope length = √[2.42 + 1.532] = 2.85 𝑚

3.3 Load calculation

Dead load on the flight

Rc slab = ts * γc = 0.21*25 = 5.25 kN/m2

Steps=1/2∗ 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 ∗ 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ γc =1 2∗ 0.17 ∗ 0.3 ∗ 2.85 ∗ 25=1.817 kN/m2

Cement screed = 0.02*23 = 0.46 kN/m2

Marble = 0.02*27 = 0.54 kN/m2

 (0.46+0.54)∗8∗0.3
Floor finish on thread = [ ] = 0.842 kN/m2
2.85

(0.46+0.54)∗9∗0.17
Floor finish on riser = [ ] = 0.537 kN/m2
2.85

Total dead load = 5.25 +1.817 + 0.46 + 0.54 + 0.842 + 0.537 = 9.45 kN/m2

Dead load on the landing

Landing slab = ts * γc = 0.21*25 = 5.25 kN/m2

Plastering = tp * γc = 0.02*23= 0.46 kN/m2

Cement screed = 0.02*23 = 0.46 kN/m2

Marble = 0.02*27 = 0.54 kN/m2

Total dead load on landing = 5.25 + 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.54 = 6.71 kN/m2

Live load = 3 kN/m2 prES EN 1991-1-2015 Table 6.2

Design load

Flight Landing
Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL
= 1.35*9.45 + 1.5*3 = 1.35*6.71 + 1.5*3
= 17.26 kN/m2 = 13.56 kN/m2

Moment analysis

ΣMB = 0

[RA * 4.2] – [13.56 ∗ 1.4(2.8+1.4/2)] - [17.26 ∗ 2.4(1.4+2.4/2)] - [13.56 ∗ 0.42/2] = 0

RA = 41.72 kN

ΣFy = 0

𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 − [13.56 ∗ 1.4] − [17.26 ∗ 2.4] − [13.56 ∗ 0.4] = 0

RB = 24.11 kN

Shear force diagram

Mmax = 41.72 ∗ 2.1 – [13.56 *1.4(1.2+1.4/2)] - [17.26 ∗1.22/2] = 38.90 kN.m

Mmax = 38.90 kNm

Vmax = 41.72 kN

Reinforcement

𝑑 = 𝐷 –ф/2− 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 210 −14/2− 15 = 188 𝑚𝑚

2.56∗1000∗188
𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26[ ] > 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 188
500

𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 250.27 𝑚𝑚2 > 244.4 𝑚𝑚2

As,min = 250.27 mm2

= 38.90 * 106 / 14.17*1000*1882 = 0.078

Kz = 0.965 , Z= Kz*d = 0.965*188 = 181.42 mm

= 38.90 * 106 / 181.42*434.78 = 493.17 mm2 > As,min

As,provided = 493.17 𝒎𝒎𝟐

 [1000∗113.1]
= = 229.33 mm use 220 mm
493.17

Therefor adopt ф12mm c/c 220 mm

Short direction

As = 20% of As, provided = 0.2*493.17 𝑚𝑚2= 98.63 < As,min

As,provided = 250.27 mm2

Let’s use ф8 mm bars as = 50.24 mm2

[1000∗50.24]
= = 200.74 mm ≈ 200 mm
250.27

Shear reinforcement

= [0.08 ∗ √25] / 300 = 1.33 * 10-3

= 1.19 ∗ 10−3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 1.33 * 10-3∗ 1000 ∗ 188 = 250.04 𝑚𝑚2

[1000∗50.27]
= = 201.05 mm ≈ 200 mm
250.04

Therefor adopt ф8 c/c 200 mm

Check diagonal compression of concrete

fcd= 14.17
Kz = 0.965 , Z= Kz*d = 0.965*188 = 181.42 mm
[1∗1000∗181.42∗0.6∗14.17]
𝑉𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 531.88 kN
[2.5+1/2.5]

Therefore VRmax = 532.99 kN > VEdmax = 31.4 kN………………..OK!

4. Beam design

4.1 introduction

A beam is generally considered as any member subjected to principally to transverse gravity

or vertical loading. The term transverse loading is taken to include end moments. A beam is a
structural element that resist load primarily by bending. The load carried by a beam is
transferred to column, girders or walls. These then transfer the load to adjacent compression
members.

Shear force

Vertical shear forces are generated in a beam by the applied loads and by the support
reaction. The reaction pushes up while the load pushes down. In most cases, the maximum
value of shear occurs close to the support.

4.2 design of beam

Material used

 Concrete C-25/30
 Rebar S-500
 Rebar S-500

Design strength

 𝑓𝑐𝑘= 25 Mpa
0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗25
 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.17 𝑀𝑝𝑎
1.5 1.5
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =500 Mpa for ф > 10
 𝑓𝑦𝑘1 =300 Mpa for ф < 10
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 434.78 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 1.15 = 1.15 = 260.87 𝑀𝑝𝑎
4.2.1 Determination of depth
According to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 7.16a

Assume slightly stress

ρ0 is the reference reinforcement ratio = √𝑓ck ∗ 10−3 = √25 ∗ 10−3 = 0.5

5800 0.5
= 1.3 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ ] = 241.16 mm = 250 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 0.5

Fyk= 500 according to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 3.2.2 (3)p the application rules for
design and detailing in this code of practice are valid for a specified yield strength range
Fyk=400 to 600 Mpa

Msd=63.58 kNm b=270mmm d=250mmm d2=41 mm

4.2.2 Support moment

At axis Y b/n X1&X2

𝑑 = 𝐷 –ф/2− 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 250 −16/2− 15 = 227 𝑚𝑚

 = 63.58 * 106 / 14.17*270*2502 = 0.265 < 0.295 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑

Kz = 0.967 , Z= Kz*d = 0.967*227 = 219.51 mm

= 63.56 * 106 / 219.51*434.78 = 665.98 mm2 > As,min

2.56∗1000∗188
𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26[ ] > 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 188
500

𝐴𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 250.27 𝑚𝑚2 > 244.4 𝑚𝑚2

As,min = 250.27 mm2

As,provided = 665.98 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝟔𝟔𝟓.𝟗𝟖 =
= 3.31 = 4
𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟎𝟔

Use 4 ø 16 c/c 80 mm
 [1000∗113.1]
= = 245.46 mm ≈ 240 mm
460.76

Therefor adopt ф12mm c/c 240 mm

4.2.3 Check concrete shear capacity

4.24 Check concrete for diagonal compression

4.2.5 Calculating the required shear reinforcement

BEAM DETAIL
FIGURE 7BEAM DETAIL
5. Column design

5.1 Introduction

A column is a vertical structural member supporting axial compressive loads, with or without
moments. The cross-sectional dimensions of a column are generally considerably less than its
height. Columns support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit these loads to the
foundations. In a typical construction cycle, the reinforcement and concrete for the beams and
slabs in a floor system are placed first. Once this concrete has hardened, the reinforcement and
concrete for the columns over that floor are placed. The longitudinal (vertical) bars protruding
from the column will extend through the floor into the next-higher column and will be lap
spliced with the bars in that column. The longitudinal bars are bent inward to fit inside the cage
of bars for the next-higher column. The more general terms compression members and
members subjected to combined axial load and bending are sometimes used to refer to columns,
walls, and members in concrete trusses or frames. These may be vertical, inclined, or
horizontal. A column is a special case of a compression member that is vertical.

Design of Center column a first floor axis x1

Detail
FIGURE 8 DETAIL OF COLUMN