DEBRE BIRHAN

UNIVERSITY

Institute of Technology
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Integrated engineering design-I
STRUCTURE PART Project
Group Members ID No
1. Tadele Mekbib ---------------------------1029/08
2. Biniyam Abeje---------------------------0354/08
3. Lasab Admasu---------------------------0735/08
4. Bethelhem Fasil------------------------3413/08
5. Lemma Regasa-------------------------0738/08
6. Bruk Terefe----------------------------- 0372/08
7. Netsanet Abdu-------------------------0922/08
8. Michael Dereje------------------------0835/08
9. Abenezer Tesfaye---------------------071258
10. Simon Yisfa---------------------------1242/06
.
Advisor:
 INTEGRATED CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL PART

RC structure

Slab and beam

Analysis and design.

1 Design Specification and material used

 Purpose - residential building

 Approach - Limit state design method

 Material - concrete - 25Mpa, Steel S - 300, class - I works

 Partial safety factors - concrete, ϒc=1.5, steel ϒs=1.15

 Unit weight of concrete - ϒc=25KN/m³

 fcd= 0.85* fck/1.5 = 14.167Mpa

 fctk= 0.21(fck)⅔ = 1.795Mpa

 fctd= fctk/1.5 = 1.197Mpa
 fyk= 300Mpa
 fyd= fyk/1.15=260.87Mpa
 Pd= 1.35DL + 1.5L

Where, Pd= design load

DL= dead load

LL=live load
 Introduction

Structural design is a very essential science in many civil engineering works due to the safety of the
design and the economical of the constructed work. These structural designs with reinforcing concrete
aims at determining the size of each structural component and the necessary reinforcement that should
be applied to the structural members. This project is a structural design of a G+2 reinforced concrete
building. The serviceability limit state design method is used for the analysis of the entire building. The
design is made based on the EBCS.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to analysis the slab and the beam of the given structure, and to determine the lateral and
longitudinal reinforcements and to determine its Bill of Quantity(BOQ)
Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 1 SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.......................................................................................7
A Slab......................................................................................................................................................7
classification of slabs:..............................................................................................................................7
1. ONE WAY SLAB...........................................................................................................................7
2. TWO WAY SLAB..........................................................................................................................7
1. Load Analysis...............................................................................................................................9
2. Design of slab..............................................................................................................................13
...................................................................................................................................................................22
.CHAPTER 2 BEAM ANALAYSIS AND DESIGN..............................................................................22
A beam:.................................................................................................................................................22
Singly Reinforced Beam:.......................................................................................................................23
Doubly Reinforced Beam:.....................................................................................................................23
Flanged Section (T- or L-section) under Flexure...........................................................................24
...............................................................................................................................................................26
2.1 Load transfer to beam for two way slab........................................................................................27
2.1 BEAM DESIGN................................................................................................................................29
Chapter 3....................................................................................................................................................49
Cost estimation..........................................................................................................................................49
CHAPTER 1 SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
A Slab :Is constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors, roofs,
bridges, and other types of structures. The slab may be supported by walls, by reinforced concrete beams
usually cast monolithically with the slab, by structural steel beams, by columns, or by the ground. The
depth of a slab is usually very small compared to its span.

classification of slabs:
1. ONE WAY SLAB:
One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite sides to carry the load along
one direction. The ratio of longer span (l) to shorter span (b) is equal or greater than 2, considered as
One way slab because this slab will bend in one direction i.e in the direction along its shorter span
Due to the huge difference in lengths, load is not transferred to the shorter beams. Main
reinforcement is provided in shorter span and distribution reinforcement in longer span.
Example: Generally all the Cantilever slabs are one Way slab. Chajjas and verandahs are an
practical example of one way slab.
2. TWO WAY SLAB:
Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the
supports along both directions, it is known as two way slab. In two way slab, the ratio of longer span
(l) to shorter span (b) is less than 2.
In two way slabs, load will be carried in both the directions. So, main reinforcement is provided in both
direction for two way slabs.
1. Check the slab for one way or two way
 Checking for the slab
Panel-1 Ly/Lx 600/280 2.14 One Way
Panel-2 Ly/Lx 350/170 2.06 One Way
Panel-3 Ly/Lx 600/420 1.43 Two Way
Panel-4 Ly/Lx 480/420 1.14 Two Way

2. Calculate depth from deflection requirement

L/D = 26 …………….. For end span panel
L/D = 30 …………….. For interior span panel

Panel Lx (mm) Condition Deflection Depth(mm)

requirements
P-1 2800 End-span Lx/d=26 107.7 = 108
P-2 1700 End-span Lx/d=26 65.4 = 66
P-3 4200 End-span Lx/d=26 161.54 = 162
P-4 4200 End-span Lx/d=26 161.54 = 162
*the maximum depth from deflection requirement …….. d = 162mm
D= d + d’ ……………d’=Cc + ᴓ/2 given material’s;-......... C-25 (cement), S-400 (steel)
d’=15 + 12/2 - ᴓ1( for main) - ᴓ10(for transverse reinforcement)
d’=15 + 6 = 21mm Cc = 15mm
D = 162mm + 2.1mm….. D=183mm
 Due to (D = 183mm) is not easy to work with adopt … D= 190mm thickness of slab
1. Load Analysis

Since an individual panel might have different purpose (function) and finishing material, we might
encounter different live load and dead load in a single panel. In such cases we used the maximum value
as a governing dead load or live load for that panel. Dead and live loads are calculated depending on
the service of the slabs and self-weight. Ignoring any localized effects caused by concentrated load, the
partition loads are distributed over the area of the slab. The design loads are factored according to the
following formula:

The Design load…………. Pd = 1.35*DL+1.5LL

 LL for residential building
For cantilever (2.5 - 4) KN/m2 depending on the length (up to 2 m) so we take = 3.5 KN/m2
 L.L for other panels (1.5 - 2) KN/m2….. we take2 KN/m2

 Dead load (DL) Calculation

Room Material Thickness KN/m2 DL(KN/m2)

function
Ceramic 0.02 21 0.42
Cement 0.05 23 1.15

Panel -1 1 R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75

Plastering 0.02 23 0.46
Porcelain 0.02 21.5 0.42
Cement screed 0.05 23 1.15
2 R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75
Plastering 0.02 23 0.46
Governing F.F TOTAL DL ……………………
6.78KN/m2

Partition load = 3.2m * 2.7m * 0.15m * 15.6 KN/m = 1.203 KN/m2

6m * 2.8m
DL = 6.78 KN/m2 + partition load = 6.78 KN/m2 + 1.203 KN/m2 = 7.9 KN/m2

PANEL-2 Porcelain 0.02 21.5 0.43

Cement screed 0.05 23 1.15
 1 R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75
Plastering 0.02 23 0.46
2
TOTAL DL = 6.79 KN/m
Room Materials Thickness (KN/m3) DL(KN/m2)
function

PANEL-3 Porcelain 0.02 21.5 0.43

Cement screed 0.05 23 1.15
1 R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75
Plastering & 0.02 23 0.46
finishing
DL =
6.79 KN/m2
Partition load = 6.5 * 2.7 * 0.15 * 15.6 = 1.63 KN/m2
6 * 4.2
DL = 6.79KN/m2 + 1.63 KN/m2 = 8.42KN/m2
Porcelain 0.02 21.5 0.43
PANEL-4 Cement screed 0.05 23 1.15
1 R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75
Plastering & 0.02 23 0.46
finishing
DL = 6.79
2
KN/m

2nd floor
PANEL-1:- the floor finish is the same so we use 6.78 KN/m2
DL =6.78 KN/m2 + partition load
Where; partition= 4.3 * 2.7 * 0.15 *15.6 = 1.62 KN/m2
6 * 2.8
Then; DL = 6.78 KN/m2 + 1.62 KN/m2 = 8.4 KN/m2

Ceramic 0.02 21 0.42

 Panel 1 1st 1 Cement screed 0.05 23 1.15
floor
R.C slab 0.19 25 4.75
Plastering & 0.02 23 0.46
finishing
DL = 6.78KN/m2 = panel-1 of first floor
Panel-3:- DL = 6.79 + partition load
Where:- partition load = 6.8 * 2.7 * 0.15 * 15.6 = 1.71 KN/m2
6 * 4.2
DL = 6.79 + 1.71 = 8.49 KN/m2
 PANEL-4 “1st floor” = PANEL-4 “2nd floor”
‘Pd’ for different panels
Panels and floor DL LL Pd
P-1, 1ST 7.9 2 13.665 KN/m2
P-2, 1ST 6.79 3.0 13.67 KN/m2 = (with
panel-2 of 2nd floor)
P-3, 1ST 8.42 2 14.36 KN/m2
P-4, 1ST 6.79 2 12.2 KN/m2 = (equal
with panel-4 of 2nd
floor)
P-1, 2ND 8.4 2 14.34 KN/m2
P-3, 2ND 8.49 2 14.96 KN/m2

2. Design of slab
Materials;- C-25 (Cement),
S-400 (reinforcement),
Cc = 15mm (due to fire resistance & corrosion resistance of reinforcement)
Two way solid slab design
 Panel-3,1st floor:- Pd = 14.36 KN/m2,
 Panel-4:- Pd = 12.2 KN/m2,
 Panel-3, 2nd floor:- Pd = 14.96 KN/m2
*we calculate/1m width
Moment analysis by using coefficient method for two way slab

Mi = αi * Pd * Lx2 ----- where:- Mi = design moment per meter width

αi = coefficient read from table which depends on panel condition
- Pd = design load

- Lx = shorter span length

Panel 3 1st floor
Ly/Lx = 600/420 = 1.43
  Interpolation
αx  1.4 = 0.068
1.43 =? αxs = 0.0695
1.5 = 0.073

Lx2 = 17.64 m2
Mxs = 0.0695 * 14.36 KN/m2 * 17.64 m2 = 17.605 KNm
By interpolation
αxf 1.4 = 0.051
1.43=? αxf=0.0522
1.5=0.055
αys = 0.039, αyf = 0.030
Mxf = 0.0522 * 14.36 * 17.64 = 13.22 KNm
Mys = 0.039 * 14.36 * 17.64 = 9.9 KNm
Myf = 0.030 * 14.36 * 17.64 = 7.6 KNm

PANEL-3, 2nd floor

αxs = 0.0695 Mxs = 0.0695 * 14.96 * 17.64 = 18.34 KN.

αxf = 0.0522 Mxf = 0.0522 * 14.96 * 17.64 = 13.78 KN.m

αys = 0.039 Mys = 0.039 * 14.96 * 17.64 = 10.3 KN.m

αyf = 0.030 Myf = 0.030 * 14.96 * 17.64 = 7.9 KN.M

PANEL-4

Pd = 12.2 KN/m2  Ly/Lx = 480/420 = 1.143

Lx2 = 17.64 αxf  1.1 = 0.054
1.143 = ? αxf = 0.05787
1.2 = 0.063 αys = 0.058
.
αyf = 0.044

 Mxs = 0
 Mxf = 0.05787 * 12.2 * 17.64 = 12.454 KN.m
 Mys = 0.058 * 12.2 * 17.64 = 12.1 KN.m
 Myf 0.044 * 12.2 * 17.48 = 9.47 KN.m
Cantilever (one way Design)
Panel-2
Step-1:- Pd =13.67 KN/m2 …………. We calculate moment for one meter width

Є fy = 0  RA - 9.33 – 13.67 * 1.7 = 0

RA = 32.57KN
 + Є MA = 0  MA – 9.33 * 1.7 -13.67 * 1.7 * 1.7/2 = 0
MA = 35.6 KN.m
Step-2:- check for flexural reinforcement
dmin = , where K=M/fck*bd2  K = 35.6 * 106/25 * 1000 * 1902 = 0.04
dmin = = 188.2 mm
 Thus 190mm > 188.2mm(d min)===OK!
Step-3:- Design
Determine the depth for both ‘X’ & ‘Y’ directions
dx = D – Cc - ᴓ/2 =190 – 15 – 12/2 = 169mm
dy = D – Cc - ᴓ/2 190 – 15 – 10 – 12/2 = 159mm
 Check minimum area of steel reinforcement
ASmin = 0.13% * b * d
ASmin(x) =0.13/100 * 1000 * 169 = 219.7mm2 ~ 220mm2
ASmin(y) =0.13/100 * 1000 * 159 = 206.7mm2 ~207mm2
 Check for maximum spacing
Smax(x) = as *b / Asmin(x)  Smax(x) = * 122/4 * 1000 = 514.1mm ~ 515mm
220
Smax(y) = as * b / Asmin(y)  * 102/4 * 1000 = 379.42mm ~ 380mm
207
Design for one-way solid slab for PANEL-1, 1st & 2nd floor
=> Pd (1st floor) = 13.665 KN/m2
=> Pd (2nd floor) = 14.34 KN/m2
Step-1:- Material
 C-20 (concrete)
 fck = 25
 S – 400 (steel)
 fyk = 400
Step-2:- load estimation
Pd = 13.665 KN/m2
Step-3:-Moment Analysis

The Bending Moment diagram becomes

 At support
M = WL2/8 = 13.665 * 2.82 / 8 = 13.4 KN.m
At span
 M = 9 * WL2/128 = 9 * 13.665 *2.82 = 7.54 KN.m
128
 Design moment take the maximum one for positive moment
M = 13.4KN/m
Step-4 :-check for flexural requirement

dmin = √ M /k∗fck∗b
Where:-
 K = M / fck * b *d^2  13.4 * 10^6 = 0.015
(25 * 1000 * 190^2)
dmin = 189.03mm
 Therefore ………….. 190mm >189.03mm ……………….OK!!!
Step-5:- Area of steel reinforcement
Asmin = 0.13% * b *d 0.13/100 * 1000 *190 = 247 mm^2
 Asmin = 247 mm^2
Smax (top) = as * b / As = π * D^2 / 4 * b  π * 12 ^2 / 4 * 1000 457.9mm
As 247
Smax(bottom) = π * 10^2 /4 * 1000  317.97mm
247
PANEL-1:-(2ND FLOOR)
Pd = 14.34 KN/m^2
Step-1 :- Material
  Concrete C-25
 fck = 25 mpa
 Steel S-400
 fyk = 400 mpa
Step-2:- load estimation
Pd = 14.34KN/m^2
 we work for 1 meter strip from the panel
Step-3:- Moment Analysis

Section a-a

 M = M = WL2/8 = 14.34kN/m * 2.8 m^2 = 14.05 KN.m

Section b-b

 M = 9 * WL2/128 = 9 * 14.34 * 2.8^2 = 7.91 KN.m

128

Our design moment becomes the maximum one for positive reinforcement which is :-

14.05 KN.m

Step-4:-check the depth for flexural requirement

D = 190mm

dmin = √ M /k∗fck∗b
K = M / fck * b *d^2
K = 14.05 * 10^6/25*1000*190^2=0.016

dmin = √ 14 .05∗10 6^ /0 . 016∗25∗1000

dmin = 187.42mm
  Therefore our D>dmin

190mm>187.42mm ……OK!!!

Step-5:-Area of steel reinforcement

Asmin = 0.13 * b * d = 247mm^2

Smax(top) = 457.9mm

Smax(bottom) = 317.97mm

 Reinforcement for one way solid slab (P1 & P2)

Reinforcement provision for slab

member M d K Z As ,cal As,prov S re'd S, prov

166.155292 338.736062
panel 1 f-1 +ve 13.4 169 0.01876685 9 231.861407 247 2 c/c330Ø10
157.309310
f-1 -ve 7.54 159 0.011929908 5 137.8017609 247 820.724893 c/c450Ø12
166.014778 322.791789
panel-1 f-2 +ve 14.05 169 0.019677182 9 243.3141813 247 5 c/c320Ø10
781.917163
f-2 -ve 7.91 159 0.012515328 157.225399 144.6410703 247 9 c/c450Ø12
panel 2 f-1 & f-2 35.6 159 0.056326886 180.040448 568.4833666 568.8 198.945725 c/c200Ø12

pannel-3 f-1 d k Z As,cal As,prov S re'd S, prov

185.213705 c/c 410
mxs 17.6 159 0.027847 3 2468.094892 271.14 412.82373872 Ø12
186.850361 c/c 450
mxf 13.2 169 0.018486748 4 2600.342843 247 463.49324006 Ø12
187.338241 c/c 450
mys 9.9 159 0.015663937 5 2440.105108 247 466.34937042 Ø12
188.199572 c/c
myf 7.6 169 0.010643885 3 2581.700873 247 453.80729646 450Ø12
f-2
153.451128 c/c
mxs 18.3 159 0.176177285 2 2978.96148 282.5 402.96535681 400Ø12
150.351609 c/c
mxf 13.8 169 0.187257618 8 3231.591605 247 464.99740973 450Ø12
153.451128 c/c 450
mys 10.3 159 0.176177285 2 2978.96148 247 461.96535681 Ø12
150.351609 c/c 450
myf 7.92 169 0.187257618 8 3231.591605 247 453.99740973 Ø12
pannel-4 f-1 & f-2
150.351609 c/c450
mxf 12.5 169 0.187257618 8 3231.591605 247 455.99740973 Ø12
153.451128 c/c 450
mys 12.1 159 0.176177285 2 2978.96148 247 451.96535681 Ø12
150.351609 c/c450
myf 9.47 169 0.187257618 8 3231.591605 247 453.99740973 Ø12

.CHAPTER 2 BEAM ANALAYSIS AND DESIGN

A beam:
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis.
Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction
forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to
produce shear forces and moment. Within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses,
strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of support,
profile (shape of cross-section), length, and their material
Singly Reinforced Beam:
The beam that is longitudinally reinforced only in tension zone, it is known as singly reinforced
beam. In Such beams, the ultimate bending moment and the tension due to bending are
carried by the reinforcement, while the compression is carried by the concrete.

Practically, it is not possible to provide reinforcement only in the tension zone, because we
need to tie the stirrups. Therefore two rebars are utilized in the compression zone to tie the
stirrups and the rebars act as false members just for holding the stirrups.

Doubly Reinforced Beam:

The beam that is reinforced with steel both in tension and compression zone, it is known as
doubly reinforced beam. This type of beam is mainly provided when the depth of the beam is
restricted. If a beam with limited depth is reinforced on the tension side only it might not have
sufficient resistance to oppose the bending moment. The moment of resistance can not be
increased by increasing the amount of steel in tension zone. It can be increased by making the
beam over reinforced but not more than 25% on the strained side. Thus a doubly reinforced
beam is provided to increase the moment of resistance of a beam having limited dimensions.
Besides this, doubly reinforced beams can be utilized under following conditions,

• When the outside load is alternating, that means the load is acting on the face of the
member.
 • The load is eccentric and the eccentricity of the load is changing from one side to
another side of the axis.
• The member is subjected to a shock or impact or accidental lateral thrust.
Flanged Section (T- or L-section) under Flexure ;
Reinforced concrete floors or roofs are monolithic and hence, a part of the slab will act with the
upper part of the beam to resist longitudinal compression. The resulting beam cross-section is,
then, T-shaped (inverted L), rather than rectangular with the slab forming the beam flange
where as part of the beam projecting below the slab forms the web or stem.
In treating flanged section using strength limit state method, it is convenient to adopt the same
equivalent rectangle stress-block that is used for rectangular cross section.
2.1 Load transfer to beam for two way slab
Panel 3

Load transfer from panel-3 Pd = 14.36,

Lx = 4.2

Ly / Lx = 6/4.2 =1.43

 Vx = βvx * Pd * Lx
 Vy = βvy * pd * Lx
 βVy = 0.36
 βVx cont = 0.49
 βVxa = 0.39

 Vy = 0.36 * 14.36 KN/m * 4.2 = 21.7 N/m

Vxc = 0.49 * 14.36 * 4.2 = 29.5 KN/m
Vxd = 0.32 * 14.36 * 4.2 = 19.2 KN/m

Load transfer from pane – 4

V = βvx * Pd * Lx

PD = 12. 2 KN/m2, - βvx = 0.33 Vx = 0.33 * 12.2 KN/m2 * 4.2m = 16.9 KN/m

Ly = 4.8 m - βvyc = 0.45 Vyc = 0.48 * 12.2 KN/m2 * 4.2m = 23.05 KN/m

Lx = 4.2 m - βvyd = 0.3 Vyd = 0.3 * 12.2 KN/m2 * 4.2 = 15.3 KN/m

Ly/Lx = 4.8/4.2 = 1.14

One way slab load transfer

MA = WL2 / 8 = 13.67 * 2.82 = 13.4 KN.m

Є MA = 13.67 * 2.8 * 1.4 *+ 13.4 = 2.8 RB  RB = 23.9 KN

Є MA = RA = 13.67 * 2.8 – 23.9 = 14.3 K

The load transferred becomes

Load transfer of cantilever

Є MA = - MA + 13.67 * 1.7 * 0.85 + 9.33 * 1.7  MA= 35.67 KN.m

Є Fv = Ra = 13 67 * 1.7 + 9.33 = 32.5 KN

W=0.75*L

 by equalizing the two the total transferred loading

design load on
 B1 = 23.9 KN/m
 B2 = 14.3 + 29.5 * 0.92 = 41.4 KN/m
 B3 = 19.6 * 0.92 = 18 KN/m
 B4 = 19.2 * 0.92 = 17.6 KN/m
 B8= 21 .7 * 0.92 + 23.05KN/m = 41.1 KN/m
 B7= 21.7 * 0.92 + 32.5 = 52.4KN/m
 B9= 15.3 * 0.92 = 14.0

2.1 BEAM DESIGN

Reinforced concrete floor or roofs are monolithic hence, a part of the slab will acts with part of the
beams to resists longitudinal compression. The resulting beam cross section is then T-shaped (inverted
L), rather than rectangular with the slab forming the beam flange where as part of beam projecting
below the slab forms the web or stem. The T-section provides a large concrete cross section to area of
the flange to resist the compression force. Hence T- section area advantageous in simple supported spans
to resists large positive bending moment, whereas the inverted T- section have the added advantageous
in cantilever beam to resists negative moment.

Material
L=6.45 d=355mn
B=150mn D=400m
C=1.5 c25
Fck=25 Fyk=400
 Design of beam
fck = 25mpa fcd = αcc * fcd / αc = 0.85 * 25 / 1.5 = 14.16
fctd = αct * fctk * 0.05 / αe ………… αcc =0.8 w/r to fctk = 0.21 * fck 2/3 = 1.8
fctd = 0.85 * 1.8 * 0.05 / 1.5 = 0.051
fyd = fyk * 400mpa = 400/1.15 = 347.8mpa
Step-1

0.85LO

Step-2:- calculate effective width

beff1 = є beffi + bw ≤ b
Where:- beffi = 0.2 bi + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo …………….. beffi ≤ bi
Lo=0.85 l1 = 0.85 * 6000 = 5100 mm
 beff1 = 0.2 * b1 + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo where b1 = 4.2 – 0.3/2 = 1.95
beff1 = 0.2 * 1950 + 0.1 * 5100 ≤ 1020
900 ≤ 1950 ……… OK !!
beff2 = 0.2 * b2 + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo  where b2 = 2.8 – 0.3 / 2 = 1.25
beff2 = 0.2 * 1250 * 0.1 * 5100 ≤ 0.2 * 5100
 760 ≤ 1950……….. OK!!
 All beffi ≤ bi
 beff1 = 900 < b1 = 1950 ………… OK!!!
 beff2 = 760 < b2 = 1250 ………… OK!!!
 beff = beff1 + beff2 + bw ≤ b
b = b1 + b2 +bw = 1950 + 1250 + 200 = 3400
 beff = 900 + 760 + 200 = 1860 ……….which is < b = 3400mm ………. OK!!!
Step3- Load estimation
Self weight of beam (web)
DL = (h-hf) * bw * ꝩc = (0.3 – 0.19) * 0.2 * 25 = 0.55 KN/m
Wall load = height of wall = 2.7m
ꝩhcb = 15.6 KN/m^2, thickness = 10 cm
 Plastering and painting, ꝩ = 20 KN/m^2
 thickness = 0.002 & h= 2.7

DL = 2.7 * 0.1 * 15.6 + 2*2* 0.002*20 = 4.4KN/m

Pd = 1.35 * (0.55 + 4.4) = 6.68KN/m

Step4:- Moment analysis

6.3

 F ∑MAb = F∑MBa = WL^2/12 = 48.08 * 6.45^2/ 12 = 166.7 KNm

F ∑MBc = F∑MCb = 24.7 * 5.25^2 /12 = 56.7KN/m

KAB = I/6.45 , KBC = 3/5.75 DfBC = 1 – 0.45 = 0.55

DfAB = 1 / 6.45 2/6.45 + 1/5.75  0.155/ 0.155 + 0.19 = 0.45

Max design moment = 176.02 kn.m for the continuous beam above

Step-5:- calculate moment resistance of flange

  d’ = 25 + 8 + 20/2 = 43
 d = 300 – 43 = 257mm
 mcf = 0.567 fck ( beff * hf)( d- hf/2)
= 0.567 * 25 ( 1860 * 190 ) * ( 257 – 190 / 2 ) = 811.53 KN/m
 mcf = 811.53 > md = 176.02 KNm ……. This shows no faller in web
Check section type
 ᴓlong = 20mm and - ᴓlat = 8mm
 d = 257, d’ = 43, assume 1 row
K = M / fck * beff * d^2 = 176.02 / 25 * 1860 * 257^2 = 0.0573 ---- SRS
no compressive reinforcement required

Calculate, Z = d * ( 0.5 + √ 0.25−k/1.134 ) =

= 257 ( 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.0573/1.134 ) = 243.3mm

Flexural tensile reinforcement, As = 1.15 * m / fyk * Z =

=1.15 * 176.02 / 400 * 243.3 = 2080mm^2
 select appropriate steel diameter reinforcement
 Provide 7 ᴓ 20  As prov = 2198mm^2
Check minimum reinforcement
 As min = 0.13% * b * d = 0.13% * 1860 * 217 = 621.43mm^2
 As max = 4% * b *d = 4% * 1860 * 257 = 19120.8mm^2

Check deflection requirement = ᵨ = √ fck

0 /1000= √ 25 / 1000 = 0.005

ᵨ= As / b * d = 2198 / 1860 * 257 = 0.0046

ᵨ’ = As’ / b * d = 0

l/d = K *( 11 + 1.5* √ fck * ᵨ / ᵨ +3.2 √ fck (ᵨ / ᵨ - 1)

o o
3/2
=> since ᵨ <ᵨ o
  K = 1 …… for S B
S

l/d = 11 + 1.5 * 0.005 / 0.0046 + 3.2 * ( 0.005 / 0.0046 - 1)3/2

l/d = 11 + 7.5 =0.026 l/d = 18.53  l/d = 18.53 / 6450
l/d = 0.0028722  d = 348.2mm
 Since our d = 257 < d, for deflection requirement = 348.2
 D = d + Cc + la + ᴓ / 2  348.2 + 25 +8 + 10 = 391.2 mm, therefore take D = 400mm

Trial-2 by taking d= 400mm

Load estimation :-
DL = ( h - hf ) * bw * ꝩc = ( 0.4 * 0.09) * 0.2 * 25 = 1.02KN/m

Wall load
 height of wall = 2.6 m
 ꝩ hcb = 15.6 KN/m3
 thickness = 10 cm

plastering and painting, thickness = 0.002, h = 2.6, ꝩ =20

DL = 2.6 m * 0.1 m *15.6KN/m^3 + 2 * 2.6 * 0.002 * 20

DL = 4.05 KN/m =0.2 = 4.25KN/m

Pd = 1.35 * (4.25 + 1.05) = 7.1KN/m

 Pd = 41.4 +7.1 = 48 .5KN/m and Pd= 18 + 7.1 = 25.1KN/m

48.5 KN/m
25.1 KN/m

6.3m 5.25m

FEM AB DF
48.5AB = 0.45 DF BC = 0.55
25.1 KN/m FEM CB
FEM BA FEM BC
168.14 -168.14 57.65 -57.65
-168.14 ½ 49.22 60.77 1/2
-87.07 28.83
26.21 32.03
-177.28 177.28

SEC 1
PD=48.5 KN 177.28 KN.m

RA 6.3m RB

Σ MB =177.28 + 48.5 *6.45 *3.225 = 6.45 RA

RA = 128.84 KN
+ve ΣFV = 128.84 – 48.5 * 6.45 = RB
RB=184KN
177.28 KN.m 25.1KN/M
 RB 5.2 m RC

ΣMA = 177.28 + 25.1 * *2.625 = 5.25 RC

RC = 32.01 KN

6.3m 5.25m
128.84 KN 84.38 KN 32.01 KN
Step- 5
 200

d’ = 25 + 8 20/2 = 43
d = 400 – 43 = 357 mm
Mcf = 0.567fck ( beff * hf ) * ( d – hf / 2)
= 0.567 * 25( 1860 * 190 )* ( 357 – 190/2) = 1312.5 KN/m
mcf = 1312.5 > mu = 176.2 which show no faller in web

Check section type

 ᴓ long = 20 , ᴓ lat =10
 d = 35 , d’ = 45 , assume 1 row
  K = M / fck *b * d^2 = 177.8 * 10^6 0.03 < 0.167 ………. SRS
25 * 1860 * 357^2
 No compressive steel reinforcement required

Calculate, Z

Z = d(0.5 + √ 0.25−k/1.134 )
=357 *( 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.03/1.134 ) = 347.3mm
Calculate flexural tensile reinforcement
As = 1.15 M / fyk * Z  1.15 * 177.85 / 400 * 347.3 1472.3mm^2
 n = 1472.3 * 4 / π 20^2 4.7 ~ 5bars
 As prov = 314 *5 = 1570 mm^2
 As min = 0.13% * 1860 * 357 = 863mm^2
 As max = 4% * 1860 *357 = 26560.8mm^2

check deflection requirement

ᵨ o = √ fck /1000 = √ 25 / 1000 = 0.005

As / b * d = 1570 / 1860 * 357 = 0.0024

 ᵨ <ᵨ o

design at negative reinforcement

 Calculate effective width

 Design maximum moment = 177.85
 Beff = є beff I + bw ≤ bw

 beff1 = 0.2 * b1 + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo , where b1 = 4.2 – 0.3 / 2 = 1.9 m

= 0.2 * 1950 + 0.1 * 1620 ≤ 0.2 * 1620

= 552 > 320 ……. Take beff1 = 324mm

beff2 = 0.2 * b2 + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo , where b2 = 2.8 – 0.3 / 2 = 1.25

beff2 = 0.2 * 1250 + 0.1 *1620 ≤ 0.2 * 1620

= 250 + 162 = 412 > 324 ………. take beff2 = 324
beff1 + beff2 + b = 848mm
 Mcf = 0.567 * fck * ( beff *hf ) * ( 357 * 190/2) = 386 KN.m

mcf = 386 KN/m > mu = 177.85 …………….. which shows no falling in web

 d = 355 d’ = 45 ………………….. assume 1 row

 K = M / fck *b * d = 177.85 / 25 * 848 * 355^2 0.0067 < kbal =0.167..SRS
No compressive reinforcement required

 Z = d(0.5 + √ 0.25−k/1.134 )
 Z = 355 *( 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.0067/1.134 )
 Z = 352.9 mm
calculate flexural tensile reinforcement
 As = 1.5 *M / fyk * Z 1.15 * 177.85 / 400 * 352.91448.9 mm2
 n = 1448.9 *4 / π 20^2 n = 4.6 ~ 5 bars

Check deflection requirement

ᵨ = √ fck
o /1000 = 0.005

ᵨ o = As / b * d = 0.0052

ρo ρ'
l/d = k(11+1.5 √ 25 * ρ−ρo + 1/12 √ fck * ρo ) since we have not compresive
reinforcement K=1

l 0 . 0052
d =11+1.5 √ 25 * 0. 0052−0. 005
l/d = 11 + 7.5 *26  l/d = 206
l/d = 206 / 6450 ………………………………. d = 31.31mm—adequate for flexural
reinforcement
Design of L – section

Design moment , Mmax = 20.41KNm

 beff1 = 0.2 * b1 + 0.1 lo ≤ 0.2 lo

4.2−0.3
 lo = 0.85 * 4800 = 4080 mm , b1= 2 =1.95m
 beff1 = 0.2 * 1950 *0.1 * 4080
789 < 816 ………… OK!!
 beff = beff1 + bw = 789 + 200 = 989mm
 mcf = 0.567 * fck * beff * hf *( d – hf / 2)
 mcf = 0.567 * 25 * 989 * 190 * ( 355 - 190) = 439.5
mcf = 419.5KNm > 20.41KNm ……. This shows Neutral Axis(NA) falls in the web
Check section type
 ᴓlong = 20mm , ᴓlat = 10mm
  d = 355 , d’ = 45
 K = M / fck *b *d2 = 20.41 / 25 * 989 * 3552 = 0.0066 K = 0.0066 < Kbal = 0.167 ………..
SRS

Calculate lever arm

 Z = ( 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.0066/1.134 )
 Z = 353mm
Calculate flexural tensile reinforcement
 As = 1.15 * M / fyk *Z 166.2mm^2
 As min = 0.13% * b * d = 0.13 * 989 *355 = 436.4mm2
 n = As min / as = 456.4 * 4 / π 202 = 1.4 ~ 2 bars
 As prov = 2 * 314 = 628mm2
Shear design

183.9kN

3.7

2.656

183.9

Ved3
V3
VRdc
dc
d=355
5

3.794
By using similarity of triangle ved will be find as follow

vmax =183.9

=vmax/3.794=ved/3.794-0.305=183.9/3.794=ved/3.289

Ved=159.42 KN

Calculate the sear capacity of concret wit out shear reinf’t

Vrd, crd *k(100*ρ=157/150*355=0.0294<0.2……ok

Crd 0.18/c=0.17/1.5=0.12

K=1+ 200/d≤2

K=1+200/355=1.75<2….ok

Δcp=Ned/Ac =0.2fcd=0 since there is no axial load

Vrdc= [0.12*1.75(100*0.0294*25)^⅓*0.15*0]150*355

Vrd,c=46.84kN

Vrd,c <ved w/c is 46.84 < 183.9 it require shear reinforcement

And hence shear reinforcement is reinforced, we need to calculate minimum

Shear capacity (vrd,cmin)

Vrd,c min Vmin+k,xδcp) b*d

Vmin=0.035k^⅓*fck^⅟2

Vmin=0.035* 1.75^⅓* 25=0.405

Vrd min=(0.405)bw*d

Vrdmin=0.405*200*355=28.8kN

Sy-3- determin the shear reinf’t for the beam structure

Portions at d distance from face of support d=355+150=505mn

ved=159.4kN

For member with vertical sear reinf’t at support resistance

1≤cot≤2.5 take cotθ=1

Vrd,s =asw/5*z*fyd*cotθ

Vrd max=αcw*bw+Zv*fcd/cotθ+tanθ

VRdmx=αcw*bw + Zv fed/cotθ +tanθ cotθ=tanθ=1

By retrieving new EBSs code

αcw=1 for δcp=0

αcw=1 for δcp=0

V1=0.6 for fck < 60 mpa

Z=0.9d

Z=0.9*55=319.5

Αcc=0.85

Fcd=fck*αcc/1.5=2.5*0.85/1.5=14.2

Fyd=400/1.15=347.83 N/mn2

Now take vrds=Ved=167.1 kiv

Ved –vrdc=asw/s*0.9d *fyd=as/5=ved –vrdc/0.9d+4d

As/s =(159.4-46.84)*10^2/0.9*355*347.8=as/s=1.013

Use Double leg stirups φ 10

Asw=2*π10^2/4=157.08mn^2

S=asw/ 1.06 s=157.1/1.04 s=151.1 mmc/c

S provided will be 150mm c/c

Check maximum spacing

Smax=0.75 (1+cotθ) cotθ=0

Smax=0.75*355=266.25mn
Position 3
183.9/3.794=46.84/x x=0.97
0.355+0.97=1.33
X=3.794-1.33=2.479
V3= 2.489/2=1.24+0.95=2.19
Calculating V3 183.9/3.794=V3 /2.13
V3 = 103.24KN
VRS =V3 – VRdc =Asw/s * Z*fyd

As/s =(103.24-46.84)*10^2/0.9*355*347.8=as/s=0.507

Use Double leg stirups φ 10

Asw=2*π10^2/4=157.08mn^2

S=asw/ 0.507 s=157.08/0.507 s=309.5 mmc/c

Check maximum spacing

Smax=0.75 (1+cotθ) cotθ=0

Smax=0.75*355=266.25mn
Provide s = 260mmc/c.

Beam reinforcement detail

Chapter 3.

Cost estimation

Take of sheet

Timsing Dimensi Squaring Description

on
1 6 [1] concrete work
2.8 1.1 concrete work for slab
0.19 3.192 m3 Concrete work for first floor slab 190mm thickness on
axis 1 and 2 b/n B and C
1 4.8 Concrete work for first floor slab 190 mm thickness on
6 axis 2 and 3 b/n B and C
0.19 5.472 m3
1 4.2 Concrete work for first floor slab 190mm thickness on
4.8 axis 2 and 3 b/n C and D
0.19 3.8304 m3
3.5 Concrete work for first floor slab 190 mm thickness on
1.7 axis 2 and 3 b/n A and B
0.19 1.1305 m3
13.6249 m3 Total concrete work for slab

2 11.7 concrete work for beam

0.2 concrete work for first floor beam 400mm height on axis
0.4 2 and 3 beetwen And D
1.86 m3
S 7 Concrete work for first floor beam 400mm height on axis
0.2 1 and 3 between B and C
0.4
1.12 m3
1 4.6 Concrete work for first floor beam 400 mm height on axis
0.2 2and 3
0.4
0.368 m3
3.348 m3 Total concrete work for beam
16.9729 m3 Total concrete work
REFERENCE