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Foundations Design
PREPARED
BY
DR. MOHAMMED KADHUM
FEKHERALDIN
1- Introduction
A foundation is the structural element that is
generally embedded underground and connects the
superstructure to the ground. Its function is to
transmit the load from the superstructure to the
underlying soil or rock such that the superstructure
can be safely supported by the soil or rock.
2- Foundation Safety
A 500*500 1000
B 400*400 900
Solution: - x = (900*3.2)/1900= 1.52 m
Xc = 1.52 + 0.25 = 1.77 m
A = 1900/180 = 10.56 m2
B1 = (2*10.56)/[4.45 (3*1.77/4.45 -1)] = 0.92 m
B2 = (2*10.56/4.45) – 0.92 = 3.83 m
Usually the interior footing is square footing.
The eccentricity value is assumed as (1/6 -1/7) S.
Find the distance between the resultants R1 & R2
= S-e
Compute the resultants of force on the footing as:-
R2 = Q2 * S/
R1 = Q1 + Q2 – R2
Exterior footing:-
L = 2(c + e)
A1 = R2 /qall B 1 = A1 / L
Interior footing:-
Solution: - take moment about col. B
R1 * (7.2 – 1.5) = 1000 * 7,
R1 = 1228 kN
L
The pressure under any point of mat is computed as:-
Iy Ix
Point x y Sign for x Sign for y qu applied, kPa
A 8 10.5 - + 41.622
B 0 10.5 + + 49.062
C 8 10.5 + + 56.502
J 8 10.5 - - 39.018
K 0 10.5 + - 46.458
L 8 10.5 + - 53.898
Therefore, the dimensions are adequate.
8- Structural Design of Spread Footings:
To design a spread footing, use the ultimate strength
design method, and the reduction factors are:-
Design consideration Ø
∑ Fy = 0
Qu = 2d vc (b + d) + 2d vc (c + d) + (c+d)(b+d) qult
(shear on 4 faces) (bottom face)
Set Qu = BL qult
B - direction L - direction
l l
l
Moments
MuL = qult Bl2 / 2
,&
Select bar diameter and compute No. of bars in both
directions.
Step 5. Distribution of reinforcement:-
In L – direction, use uniform distribution of bars.
ASL
L - Direction
B
ASB1
D
ASB - ASB1
B - Direction
InB – direction, place a ratio of reinforcement (AsB1) in a
region of width equal to (B). The rest steel used in equal
parts in both sides.
Step 6. Compute bond length, column bearing, and the
steel area required for dowels.
Bearing strength is :-