Some Inferential Procedures for Generalized Progressively Hybrid Censored

Data

Short Resume
Name- Aakriti Pandey

Qualification Details:
B.Sc. Statistics Hons. from Banaras Hindu University with 85.5% (2010-2013)

M.Sc. in Statistics from Banaras Hindu University with 83% (2013-2015)

Ph.D. in Statistics from Banaras Hindu University(2015-2021)

Area of Specialization: Statistical Inference.

Award: UGC NET JRF(2015),UGC NET SRF(2017)

Skills: R software, SPSS Software, Latex, C language, ForTran.

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 1 / 11

Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censoring

In life testing experiments, censoring is a common feature and may occur naturally
or owing to some constraints.
The most common censoring schemes used in practice are Type-I and Type-II.
Mixture of Type-I, Type-II led to Type-I hybrid censoring scheme and Type-II hybrid
censoring scheme having time of the termination T ∗ = min{Xm:m:n , T } and
T ∗ = max (Xm:m:n , T ).
The Type-I hybrid censoring scheme keeps the termination time of the experiment
below a prefixed value by forfeiting the efficiency, whereas Type-II hybrid censoring
ensures efficiency more than the prefixed level but forfeits the termination time.
Therefore, the need for a censoring scheme controlling termination time and
efficiency was felt simultaneously. [Cho et al.(2015)Cho, Sun, and Lee] introduced
the generalized progressive hybrid (GPH) censoring scheme which terminates at
max(Xk ,min(Xm ,T )).

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 2 / 11

Schematic representation of GPH censoring Experiment terminated,
all remaining Rk∗

R1 R2 RD RD+1 units removed

Number of Removals

Experiment Start
Case I: X(m) > X(k) > T

0 X(1) X(2) X(D) T X(D+1)

X(k)

∗
RD
R1 R2 Rk RD
Number of Removals

Experiment Start
Case II: X(m) > T > X(k)

0 X(1) X(2) X(k) X(D)

T

Rk Rm
R1 R2
Number of Removals

Experiment Start
Case III: T > X(m) > X(k)

0 X(1) X(2) X(k)

X(m)

Figure 1.1: GPH Censoring

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 3 / 11
Objective

Problem of estimation for exponentiated exponential distribution in both

classical(Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Product Spacing and Bootstrap) and
Bayesian scenario and prediction of the future observation based on GPH censored
data.
Estimation of the parameters of Lindley distribution under Step Stress Partially
Accelerated Life Test Model based on GPH censoring. In addition, we have
computed expected time of the test and observe the effect of T, choice of
parameter, loading factor and the time of loading.
Estimation for Lindley competing risk data based on Generalised Progressively
Hybrid Censoring where removals follow the Beta-binomial probability law

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 4 / 11

Maximum Likelihood Estimation I

The combined likelihood for all three cases can be written as

J
Y
L(α, β) ∝ f (xj:m:n )[1 − F (xj:m:n )]Rj W (α, β). (2.1)
j=1

(
1, if J = k, m
where, W (α, β) = ∗
RD+1
[1 − F (T )] , if J = D.
We have considered different removal pattern such as
Sm:n (1) : All the removals are at the last failure, i.e., Rm = n − m.
Sm:n (2) : All the removals are at the first failure, i.e., R1 = n − m.
Sm:n (3) : The removals are at the first and last failure, i.e., R1 = Rm = (n − m)/2.
Sm:n (4) : The removals are at middle failure, i.e., Rm/2 = Rm/2+1 = (n − m)/2.

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 5 / 11

Prediction
One and two sample predictive densities along with prediction interval for the future
observations. 0.020
One sample future prediction One sample future prediction 0.04

for Dataset−1.1 for Dataset−2.4

Order 95% CI
0.015 Y[2]= (113.1743, 196.5475) 0.03 Order 95% CI
Y[4]= (121.9708, 268.6865) Y[2] = (173.6670, 219.4318)
Y[6]= (140.5379, 343.3467) Y[4]= (178.8381, 265.4350)
density

density
Y[8]= (155.1725, 426.6925)
0.010
Y[10]= (194.9043, 544.8581)
Y[12]= (236.0470, 696.0977)
Y[14]= (284.1179, 881.8822)
Y[6]= (187.0323, 311.3068)
0.02
Y[8]= (195.4682, 356.7346)
Y[10]= (217.3346, 433.2698)

0.005 Y[16]= (330.3325, 1195.1708) 0.01

Y[18]= (490.5351, 2217.2472)

0.000 0.00

250 500 750 1000 1250 200 250 300 350

Figure 2.1: Density plot of one sample predicted order statistics with their respective 95%
confidence interval.

0.05 0.04
Two sample future prediction Two sample future prediction
for Dataset−1.2 for Dataset−2.3
0.04
0.03
Order 95% CI Order 95% CI
Y[2]= (0.0885, 31.8225) Y[2]= (0.1328, 40.0638)
0.03
Y[4]= (0.5265, 50.5970)
density

Y[4]= (1.0142, 61.2504)

density
Y[6]= (0.8087, 64.3023) 0.02 Y[6]= (4.6168, 77.3147)
Y[8]= (4.6441, 77.0188) Y[8]= (11.9088, 96.7540)
0.02
Y[10]= (11.8215, 95.9900) Y[10]= (15.8471, 110.7657)
Y[20]= (27.0634, 159.4856) Y[20]= (46.9672, 197.8473)
0.01
0.01

0.00 0.00

0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150

Figure 2.2: Density plot of two sample predicted order statistics with their respective 95%
confidence interval.

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Need for Accelerated Life Test

Today, in the era of globalization, a manufacturer has to develop a products which

satisfies the industry standards with high reliabilities as per the need of the
customer. But for the reliability practitioners, the challenging job is to evaluate
these high reliabilities.
In accelerated testing conditions, the product is subjected to more a severe
environment(by applying additional loads at a particular time) compared to the
typical operating environment, which triggers the failures sooner.
The expected time of the test is the time required to complete the experiments. A
significant high ETT results into high cost of conducting an experiment.

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Figure 2.3: The ETT under accelerated condition for various choices of ϵ, ζ, T and τ for n=100,
m=80, k=20 considering removal pattern Sm:n (4)

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Competing Risks Problem

There may be several causes which leads to the failure of an item. These causes
tend to compete with each other. Hence, in the statistical literature this is popularly
known as competing risk problem.
The objective of a competing risk problem is to find the lifetime distribution of a
particular cause, in presence of the other causes.
The assumption of prefixed removal is not realistic for real life phenomenon. In a
clinical trial, the number of patients dropping out is beyond the control of
experimenter and cannot be predetermined.
No one has attempted the inferencial procedure for GPH censored competing risk
data considering removals to be random. This motivated us to proceed with the
inferencial procedure for GPH censored competing risk data wherein removals are
governed by beta binomial probability law.

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Conclusion

The MPS procedure provides more precise estimates than those obtained from
maximum likelihood and bootstrap procedures.
The Bayesian procedure delivers more accurate and precise estimates of the
parameters even if we consider the vague prior.
The width of the HPD interval is smaller than asymptotic and bootstrap confidence
intervals. So, with this, we propose to use HPD interval under considered problem.
For the estimation of parameter of the distribution, one can use removal pattern
Sm:n (1) in place of Sm:n (2) and Sm:n (4) in place of Sm:n (3) and for estimation of the
acceleration factor, one can prefer removal pattern Sm:n (2) to Sm:n (1) and Sm:n (4) to
Sm:n (3) .
Since, for the large values of k, the MSEs of estimators of ϵ and ζ decrease.
Therefore, it is suggested to keep the value of k high. Similarly, we suggest to keep
the value of T small.
For large values of ζ, the ETT is noted to be smaller however, as τ increases the
ETT increases, keeping other factors fixed. Thus, a reduction in the ETT is
expected for large values of ζ and small values of τ .
In competing risk data, we observed that the effect of increasing n, m, k, and T
decreases MSEs and average confidence length of estimators.

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Concluding Remark and Future plan of research

In ALT, the acceleration is performed at one step but, the work can be extended by
applying acceleration at multiple steps. Also, It would be salutary to find the
optimum time of the acceleration.
Statistical analysis of competing risks with masked failure causes based on GPH
censoring with random removals.
Different method of estimation for a model under SSPALT based on GPH censoring.

Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 11 / 11

List of Publications (ESCI and Scopus) and citations

Statistical Analysis for Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censored Data from Lindley
Distribution under Step-Stress Partially Accelerated Life Test Model.
Austrian Journal of Statistics 50.1 (2021): 105-120.

On the Estimation Problems for Exponentiated Exponential Distribution under

Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censoring: On the Generalized Progressive Hybrid
Censoring.
Austrian Journal of Statistics 50.1 (2021): 24-40.

Bayesian Estimation for Inverse Weibull Distribution under Progressive Type-II

Censored Data with Beta-Binomial Removals.
Austrian Journal of Statistics, 47.1(2018): 77-94.

Estimations of the parameters of generalised exponential distribution under

progressive interval type-I censoring scheme with random removals.
Austrian Journal of Statistics, 46.2 (2017):33-47.
Estimation and Prediction for Exponentiated Exponential Distribution under
Generalised Progressive Hybrid Censoring.
Reliability: Theory and applications, 17.2 (2022).
As per Google scholar, total number of citations: 10.
Aakriti Pandey (BHU) Inference for GPHC July 13, 2022 11 / 11
Youngseuk Cho, Hokeun Sun, and Kyeongjun Lee.
Exact likelihood inference for an exponential parameter under generalized progressive
hybrid censoring scheme.
Statistical Methodology, 23:18–34, 2015.

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