Note: Answer the following short questions.

1. How water rises in plants?

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2. Which forces are responsible for dissolving polar substances in water?

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3. Why non-polar compounds are insoluble in water.

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4. How water dissolves sugar and alcohol?

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5. How limestone dissolves in water?

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6. Differentiate between soft and hard water.

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7. What are the causes of hardness in water?

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8. What are the effects of temporary hardness in water?

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9. Mention the disadvantages of detergents.

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10. What is difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances?

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11. How detergents make the water unfit for aquatic life?
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12. Why are pesticides used?

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13. What are the reasons of waterborne diseases?

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14. How waterborne diseases can be prevented?

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Extensive Questions:
How polarity of water molecule plays its role to dissolve the substances?
2. Explain the methods of removing permanent hardness.
3. Explain the water pollution because of industrial waste.
4. Justify the statement: household water is the reason of water pollution.
5. Explain agricultural effluents are fatal for aquatic life.
6. Explain five important waterborne diseases. How can these be prevented?
7. Give some disadvantages of hard water.
8. What is water pollution? Describe the effects of using polluted water.
9. Explain the reasons, why is water considered a universal solvent.
10. Write a note on the treatment of sewage water.
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2. Explain the Lewis concept of acids and bases.

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3. What is auto-ionization of water? How is it used to establish the pH of water?

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4. Define a salt and give the characteristic properties of salts.
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5. Explain with examples that how are soluble salts prepared?
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6. Give the characteristics of an acidic salt.

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7. Give four uses of calcium oxide.
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8. You are having a strong acid (HNO3) and strong base (NaOH) on mixing
i. What type of salt you will have?
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ii. What type of this reaction will be?

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iii. Will it be soluble or insoluble salt?
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iv. If it is soluble, how it will be recovered?
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9. Explain why:
i. HC1 forms only one series of salts.
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ii. H2SO4 forms two series of salts.
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iii. H3PO4 form three series of salts.
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Numericals
1. Calculate the pH and pOH of 0.2 M H2SO4?
4. Complete the following Table.