Why Hazard Assessment?

 29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I

 Increases Awareness of Workplace Hazards
 Provides opportunity to identify and control
workplace hazards
 Can lead to increased productivity
 May prevent an Occupational Injury or
Illness
Hazard
Anything which may cause
harm, injury, or ill health to a
person
RISK
AN EXPRESSION OF POSSIBLE

LOSS IN TERMS OF SEVERITY

AND PROBABILITY
Why Hazard Assessment?
 Increases Awareness of Workplace Hazards
 Provides opportunity to identify and control
workplace hazards
 Can lead to increased productivity
 May prevent an Occupational Injury or
Illness
HAZARD ASSESSMENT

Using sound concepts to Detect,

HAZARDS and Estimate the Risk

they Pose.
 ASSESS HAZARDS
 Prioritize Identified Hazards
Severity of Possible Loss
Probability of Possible Loss

 Tool
Risk Assessment Matrix
Recognize OHS Hazards

Types of OHS Hazards

• Biological Hazards
Bacteria, Fungi, Molds, Parasites, etc..Biological Hazards

• Chemical Hazards
Dust, Mist, Fumes, Smoke, Gases, Vapors

• Physical Hazards
Noise, Vibrations, Temperature, Radiation, Illumination, Pressures, Impact, etc..

• Ergonomic Hazards

Physiological & Psychological

 Hazard Sources
 sources of MOTION
 sources of EXTREME temperatures
 types of chemical exposures
 sources of harmful dust
 sources of light radiation
 sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objects
 sources of sharp objects
 sources or rolling or pinching objects
 layout of workplace and location of co workers
 any electrical hazards

In addition.... injury/ accident data should be reviewed to

help identify problem areas.
An introduction to the “Five
Step Process” of Job
Hazard Analysis (JHA)
JSA Purpose

 Effective JHA’s help the employer recognize

and control hazards and exposures in the
workplace.
How might the
employee’s perception of
a “hazard” differ from
that of the employer or
supervisor?
JHA Key Terms
 What’s a Job?

 What’s a Hazard?

 What’s an exposure?

 What is Analysis?
Goals

 Given the information and exercises in

this workshop, you will be able to:
– Explain to others why JHA’s are important
– Recognize how the JHA can be a valuable
planning, production, profit and safety tool.
– Know the five-step process and complete a
JHA
Five-Step Process
1. Watch the work being done
2. Break the job down into steps
3. Describe the hazards in each step of the
task
4. Identify control measures
5. Make “Safe Operating Procedure”
 JHA Step 1
 Step One - Watch
the work being done

- What are some effective methods

to watch the work being done?
- Why is it important to involve the
employee?
 JHA Step 2
 Step Two - Break the job down into steps

J o b H a z a r d A n a ly s is W o r k s h e e t
JH A N um ber: _______________ Page ____ of ____

J o b D e s c r ip t io n : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Step 1
S t e p 1 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 2

S t e p 2 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

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_____________________________________
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Step 3
S t e p 3 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 4

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

S t e p 4 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

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S t e p 5 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 JHA Step 3
 Step Three - Describe the hazards in
each step of the task.

One of the primary purposes of the JHA is

to make the job safer.

The information gathered in this step will

be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or
reduce hazards associated with the job,
and improve the system weaknesses that
produced them.
 Identifying types of hazards
 Ergonomics: Eight risk factors
– 1. High Frequency;
– 2. High Duration;
– 3. High Force;
– 4. Posture;
– 5. Point of Operation;
– 6. Mechanical Pressure;
– 7. Vibration;
– 8. Environmental Exposure.
Identifying types of hazards
 Pressure: Increased pressure in hydraulic and
pneumatic systems.
 Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points and
edges, weight, rotating parts, stability, ejected
parts and materials, impact.
 Flammability/Fire: In order for combustion
to take place, the fuel and oxidizer must be
present in gaseous form.
Identifying types of hazards…
 Explosives: Explosions result in large
amounts of gas, heat, noise, light and
over-pressure.
 Electrical Contact: Inadequate
insulation, broken electrical lines or
equipment, lightning strike, static
discharge etc.
 Chemical Reactions: Chemical
reactions can be violent, can cause
explosions, dispersion of materials and
emission of heat.
Accident Types
 Struck-by:
– A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of
contact is provided by the object.
 Struck-against:
– A person forcefully strikes an object. The person
provides the force or energy.
 Contact-by:
– Contact by a substance or material that, by its very
nature, is harmful and causes injury.
Accident Types…
 Contact-with:
– A person comes in contact with a harmful
substance or material. The person initiates the
contact.
 Caught-on:
– A person or part of his/her clothing or
equipment is caught on an object that is either
moving or stationary. This may cause the
person to lose his/her balance and fall, be
pulled into a machine, or suffer some other
harm.
 Caught-in:
– A person or part of him/her is trapped, or
otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.
Accident Types…
 Caught-between:
– A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise
caught between a moving and a stationary
object, or between two moving objects.
 Fall-to-surface:
– A person slips or trips and falls to the surface
he/she is standing or walking on.
 Fall-to-below:
– A person slips or trips and falls to a level
below the one he/she was walking or
standing on.
Accident Types…
 Over-exertion:
– A person over-extends or strains himself/herself
while performing work.
 Bodily reaction:
– Caused solely from stress imposed by free
movement of the body or assumption of a strained
or unnatural body position. A leading source of
injury.
 Over-exposure:
– Over a period of time, a person is exposed to
harmful energy (noise, heat), lack of energy
(cold), or substances (toxic
chemicals/atmospheres).
 JHA Step 4
Step Four – Identify
J o b H a z a r d A n a ly s is W o r k s h e e t
Control Measures.
JH A N um ber: _______________ Page ____ of ____

J o b D e s c r ip t io n : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

S t e p 1 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

S t e p 2 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It is now time to
H a z a r d (s)
_____________________________________

_____________________________________
C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
______________________________________

______________________________________
identify the desired
control measures for
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

S t e p 3 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s)
_____________________________________

_____________________________________
C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
______________________________________

______________________________________
each hazard.
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

S t e p 4 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

S t e p 5 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

H a z a r d (s) C o n t r o l M e a s u r e ( s ) R e q u ir e d
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________
The Hierarchy of Controls
 Engineering controls – Change design,
Substitution or isolation

 Management controls – Procedures/work

instruction, reduce working hours, medical exams or
workplace monitoring

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) –

Method of last resort when engineering and admin
control are not sufficient
 JHA Step 5
 Step Five - Safe Operating Procedure
S a f e O p e r a t in g P r o c e d u r e
JH A N um ber: _______________

The “Safe Operating

J o b D e s c r ip t io n : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Procedure” is the last

______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
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page of the JHA. It is a ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________

narrative or written ______________________________________________________________

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summary of the JHA

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worksheets. Note that

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there are three sections: ______________________________________________________________

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S u p e r v is o r S ig n a t u r e : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D a te : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

E m p lo y e e S ig n a t u r e : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D a te : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The JHA Document
How do you assemble a
Job Hazard Analysis?
Let’s review the parts of a JHA.
Parts of a JHA

Heading
Parts of a JHA

Tasks
or
Procedures
Parts of a JHA

Potential
Hazards
Parts of a JHA

Abatement
Actions
Parts of a JHA

Final Approval
Tasks, Hazards, and Abatement

Tasks
Potential Abatement
or Hazards Actions
Procedures
Tasks / Procedures

Tasks
or
Procedures
Tasks / Procedures

What are the qualifications needed for:

travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What are the qualifications
needed for: travel, project,
employee safety and health,
and working with hazardous
What are the qualifications needed for:
travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What training is required?

What are the qualifications needed for:

travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What is my mode of travel to,
on, and from the work site?
What are the qualifications needed for:
travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What work activity will be involved?

What are the qualifications needed for:

travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
Will the work involve transport,
storage, or use of hazardous
What are the qualifications needed for:
materials?
travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What are the employee safety,
security, and health risks associated
with this project?
What are the qualifications needed for:
travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Tasks / Procedures
What is the evacuation plan
procedure for the project?
What are the qualifications needed for:
travel, project, employee safety and
health, and working with hazardous
materials?

What training is required?

What is my mode of travel to, on, and

from the work site?

What work activity will be involved?

Will the work involve transport, storage,

or use of hazardous materials?

What are the employee safety, security,

and health risks associated with this
project?

What is the evacuation plan procedure

for the project?
Hazards

Potential
Hazards
Hazards come from two
basic factors:

 Unsafe Acts
 Unsafe Conditions
  Unsafe Acts

 Failure to follow established standards

and procedures for the task or activity,
such as not meeting the require
qualifications and training and not
implementing safe work practices.
  Unsafe Conditions
 Failure to recognize key elements in your
work environment, such as:

Environmental (air, light,

temperature, or humidity);
 Biological (diseases or viruses);
 Chemical (toxicity, flammability); and
 Physical (walking or work surfaces,
falling objects, sharp objects).
Abatement Actions

Abatement
Actions
Abatement Actions

Engineering controls;

Substitutions;

Administrative controls;

PPE
(Personal Protective Equipment)
Job Hazard Analysis

The breaking down into its component parts

of any method or procedure to determine
the hazards connected with each key step
and the requirements for performing it
safely.
Job Safety Analysis Priorities
New Jobs
Severity Potential
History of Disabling
Injuries
Frequency of Accidents
Job Safety Analysis
 Job means “task”
 (Changing a tire not auto mechanic)
 “key” steps
 too detailed becomes cumbersome
 not enough detail becomes useless
Break job down into key steps
AVOID!!
 making the breakdown so detailed That an
unnecessarily large number of steps results
 making the job breakdown so general that
basic steps are not recorded
Key Steps TOO MUCH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Pull off road
 Put car in “park”
 Set brake
 Activate emergency flashers
 Open door
 Get out of car
 Walk to trunk
 Put key in lock
 Open trunk
 Remove jack
 Remove Spare tire
Key Steps NOT ENOUGH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Park car
 take off flat tire
 put on spare tire
 drive away
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT
Changing a Flat tire
 Park car, set brake  tighten lug nuts
 remove jack & tire  store tire & jack
from trunk
 loosen log nuts
 jack up car
 remove tire
 set new tire
 jack down car
Hazards
 Parking Car  Jacking up car
– Struck by Traffic – car could fall off jack
 Removing tire & jack  Setting new tire
– Back Strain – fingers pinched
– bang head on trunk – back strain
 Loosen lug nuts  Tighten nuts
– back/arm strain – back strain
– slip & fall – slip & fall
Hazards
 Parking Car  Jacking up car
– Struck by Traffic – car could fall off jack
 Removing tire & jack  Setting new tire
– Back Strain – fingers pinched
– bang head on trunk – back strain
 Loosen lug nuts  Tighten nuts
– back/arm strain – back strain
– slip & fall – slip & fall
 Sequence of Potential Accidents or
Events Hazards Preventive Measure
Park Vehicle a) Vehicle too close to passing a) Drive to area well clear of traffic. Turn
traffic on emergency flashers
b) Vehicle on uneven, soft ground b) Choose a firm, level area
c) Vehicle may roll c) Apply the parking brake; leave
transmission in gear or in PARK; place
blocks in front and back of the wheel
diagonally opposite to the flat

Remove spare and tool a) Strain from lifting spare a) Turn spare into upright position in the
kit wheel well. Using you legs and
standing as close as possible, lift spare
out of truck and roll to flat tire.

Pry of hub cap and a) Hub cap may pop off and hit a) Pry off hub cap using steady pressure
loosen lug bolts you b) Use proper lug wrench; apply steady
(nuts). b) Lug wrench may slip pressure slowly

And so on . . . a) . . . a) . . .
Work Observation
 Select experienced worker(s) who will
cooperate and participate in the JSA
process.
 Explain purpose of JSA
 Observe the employee perform the job and
write down basic steps
 Completely describe each step
 Note deviations (Very Important!)
Job Hazard Analysis
K E Y ST EP

HA ZA RD H A ZA RD

P R O T E C T IO N P R O T E C T IO N P R O T E C T IO N
Identify Hazards &
Potential Accidents
 Search for Hazards
 Produced by Work
 Produced by Environment
 Repeat job observation as many times as
necessary to identify all hazards
Develop Solutions
 Find a new way to do job
 Change physical conditions that create
hazards
 Change the work procedure
 Reduce frequency
 Find the Hazards
The picture you see is a real situation
 JHA Computer
Software
A tool for assembling the JHA . . .
(Demonstration)