SO SÁNH BODY

There are several noticeable points about dissimilarities in the structure of the body between
these 2 articles.
Namely, the hard news was written according to inverted pyramid style – “Inverted-pyramid
stories arrange the information in descending order of importance or newsworthiness. The lead
states the most newsworthy, important or striking information and establishes the central point
for the rest of the story. The second paragraph—and sometimes the third and fourth paragraphs
—provides details that amplify the lead. Subsequent paragraphs add less important details or
introduce subordinate topics. Each paragraph presents additional information: names,
descriptions, quotations, conflicting viewpoints, explanations and background.” (Fedler et al.,
2000b, p. 200)
On the other hand, the feature uses hourglass style – “The hourglass story has three parts: an
inverted pyramid top that summarizes the most newsworthy information, a turn or pivot
paragraph and a narrative. The inverted pyramid top, which may be only three to five
paragraphs, gives readers the most newsworthy information quickly. The narrative allows the
writer to develop the story in depth and detail, using the storytelling power of chronology. The
key, Clark says, is the turn or pivot, which makes the transition between the two formats.”
(Fedler et al., 2000b, p. 200)
For the hard news, the detailed structure follows the inverted pyramid style, can be analyzed as
follows:
Most Important Information:
- The article starts with a concise and critical lead paragraph that provides essential information
about the deadly floods in Libya. It includes the following key details.
- Death toll: At least 150 people are dead.
- Cause: Torrential rains from Mediterranean Storm Daniel.
- Impact: Swept through the eastern part of Libya on Sunday and Monday.
Important Details Explored:
- The article then expands upon the initial report by describing the immediate impact of the
storm
- Video evidence: Mention of videos posted on social media showing flooded streets in various
cities, emphasizing the severity of the situation.
- Specific location: Highlighting cities affected by the flooding, including Benghazi, Sousse, Al
Bayda, Al-Marj, and Derna.
- Statements from Authorities:
 - Spokesman for the Libyan Red Crescent: Confirms the death toll in Derna and expresses
concerns about the toll possibly reaching 250 due to rising water levels.
- Libyan Prime Minister Ossama Hamad: Declares Derna a disaster area and provides an
estimate of 2,000 people feared dead, with many others missing.
- Verification difficulties: Highlighting the challenges of confirming facts in a politically divided
country with two rival administrations.
Extra information (Background information):
- The article concludes with background information and implications:
- Arrival of Storm Daniel in west Egypt: Mention of the storm's expected arrival in Egypt,
warning of possible rain and bad weather.
- Reference to prior impact: Noting that the same storm caused deadly flooding in Greece the
previous weeks.
- Attribution: Acknowledgment that some information in the report was provided by The
Associated Press and Reuters.
For the body of the feature, there are 3 separated parts:
The Top:
- The top of the article provides a broad introduction to the catastrophic flooding in Libya.
- The opening paragraph provides a concise summary of the disaster, including the number of
presumed dead (5,000+) and missing (10,000) and the cause of the flooding (dam collapses).
This paragraph serves as a strong hook to draw readers into the story.
- The introductory section includes quotes from Tamer Ramadan, head of the International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies delegation in Libya, and the interior
ministry of Libya's eastern government, setting the tone for the rest of the article.
- The top section closes with information about the dire conditions in Derna, where hospitals are
no longer operable, morgues are full, and dead bodies are left outside. This sets the stage for the
emotional and human elements that will be explored in the narrative section.
- The top part effectively provides a comprehensive overview of the catastrophe, offering key
details and statistics while also hinting at the personal stories and broader implications that will
be explored in the subsequent narrative section of the article.
The Turn (Transition to Narrative):
- After the initial statistics and quotes, the article shifts from the immediate impact of the
flooding to the meteorological and environmental factors that contributed to the disaster.
- This transition happens in the paragraph that starts with "We are all terrified." In this section,
personal stories and quotes from relatives and residents add a human element to the story,
making it relatable to readers.
- The part discusses the weather conditions that led to the flooding, including the influence of a
strong low-pressure system and the development of a tropical-like cyclone known as a medicane.
It introduces the broader context of climate change and its role in extreme weather events, such
as the heavy rainfall associated with this storm.
The section also touches upon Libya's vulnerability to extreme weather, highlighting the long-
running political conflict in the country and how it has complicated disaster response and
preparedness.
The "turn" section offers readers a more comprehensive understanding of the situation beyond
the initial shocking statistics. It sets the stage for the narrative section, which may further explore
the human stories, rescue efforts, and international response to the disaster.
The Narrative:
- The narrative section delves deeper into the causes and consequences of the flooding,
including the effects of the collapsed dams, the destruction of bridges, and the challenges faced
by authorities.
- Mention of the challenges faced by rescue workers and the scale of devastation, communication
breakdowns, difficulties in accessing flood-stricken areas, along with the need for specialized
search teams, gives readers a sense of the on-the-ground efforts and difficulties.
The article touches on the international response and aid efforts, which can be considered part of
the narrative as they show how the world is coming together to help Libya in this crisis.
Before analyzing, I would like to introduce 2 articles I chose. These two articles are about natural
disater, specifically flood. An article is a news article from “VOA” – a state-owned news
network and international radio broadcaster of the United States of America.This kind of news is
hard news because it is valuable in a short time and there are no emotional words. The other is an
opinion article from “CNN”, is a multinational news channel and website headquartered in
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
also a British daily newspaper and it mainly reflects the writer’s opinion about scrapping the cap
on bankers’ bonuses.
The narrative
- It provides a detailed account of the dam collapses and the resulting damage, including the
destruction of bridges and neighborhoods.
It describes the effects of the collapsed dams, the destruction of bridges, and the challenges faced
by authorities.
- The challenges faced by authorities and rescue teams are highlighted, including
communication breakdowns and difficulties in accessing flood-stricken areas.
- International response and aid efforts are mentioned, emphasizing the severity of the
humanitarian crisis.
- Quotes from experts and officials provide additional context and analysis.
The narrative
Here are some examples of narrative elements within the article:
Quotes and statements from individuals like Ayah, a Palestinian woman with cousins in Derna,
and Emad Milad, a resident of Tobrok, provide personal accounts of their experiences and
emotions in the aftermath of the flooding.
Descriptions of the situation in Derna, such as hospitals being inoperable and dead bodies left
outside morgues, paint a vivid picture of the challenges faced by the people in the affected areas.
Mention of the challenges faced by rescue workers and the scale of devastation, along with the
need for specialized search teams, gives readers a sense of the on-the-ground efforts and
difficulties.
The article touches on the international response and aid efforts, which can be considered part of
the narrative as they show how the world is coming together to help Libya in this crisis.
The Narrative: The "narrative" part starts after the "turn" and is the focus of the article. It
describes the immediate and ongoing consequences of the flooding, including the effects of
collapsed dams, destruction of bridges, and the challenges faced by authorities and residents. It
covers the unpreparedness of Libya, the response efforts, the international aid, and the challenges
experienced by rescue teams.

Example of the Narrative: The following paragraphs after the "turn" provide an example of the
narrative part, as they describe the immediate effects of the flooding, the unanticipated scale of
the disaster, and the challenges faced by authorities and rescue workers. This includes details
about the collapsed dams, damage caused, and the ongoing crisis in various Libyan cities.
Overall, the hourglass style is evident in this article's structure. It starts with a broad overview of
the disaster, transitions into a narrative section with detailed information and personal stories,
and then returns to broader implications and international responses in the latter part of the
article. This structure effectively engages the reader and provides a comprehensive
understanding of the situation in Libya.
Hard news:
The detailed structure of the body of this hard news article, following the inverted pyramid style,
can be analyzed as follows:
1. Most Important Information:
- The article starts with a concise and critical lead paragraph that provides essential
information about the deadly floods in Libya. It includes the following key details.
- Death toll: At least 150 people are dead.
- Cause: Torrential rains from Mediterranean Storm Daniel.
- Impact: Swept through the eastern part of Libya on Sunday and Monday.
2. Important Details Explored:
- The article then expands upon the initial report by describing the immediate impact of the
storm
- Video evidence: Mention of videos posted on social media showing flooded streets in various
cities, emphasizing the severity of the situation.
- Specific location: Highlighting cities affected by the flooding, including Benghazi, Sousse, Al
Bayda, Al-Marj, and Derna.
- Statements from Authorities:
- Spokesman for the Libyan Red Crescent: Confirms the death toll in Derna and expresses
concerns about the toll possibly reaching 250 due to rising water levels.
- Libyan Prime Minister Ossama Hamad: Declares Derna a disaster area and provides an
estimate of 2,000 people feared dead, with many others missing.
- Verification difficulties: Highlighting the challenges of confirming facts in a politically divided
country with two rival administrations.
3. Extra information (Background information):
- The article concludes with background information and implications:
- Arrival of Storm Daniel in west Egypt: Mention of the storm's expected arrival in Egypt,
warning of possible rain and bad weather.
- Reference to prior impact: Noting that the same storm caused deadly flooding in Greece the
previous weeks.
- Attribution: Acknowledgment that some information in the report was provided by The
Associated Press and Reuters.

This structured approach adheres to the inverted pyramid style, where the most critical
information is presented upfront, followed by further details, statements from authorities,
context, and additional background information. This format allows readers to grasp the core
facts immediately while offering a deeper understanding of the situation as they continue
reading.

DRAFT
the detailed structure of the body of this feature article according to the form of hourglass style
(the top, the turn, the narrative). Which paragraph is the narrative part of this body ? and give
example to demonstrate
'More than 5,000 presumed dead in Libya after catastrophic flooding breaks dams and sweeps
away homes.
By Hamdi Alkhshali, Mostafa Salem, Kareem El Damanhoury and Celine Alkhaldi,
CNN.Updated 2:30 AM EDT, Wed September 13, 2023
(CNN) - More than 5,000 people are presumed dead and 10,000 missing after heavy rains in
northeastern Libya caused two dams to collapse, surging more water into already inundated
areas.
Tamer Ramadan, head of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
delegation in Libya, gave the numbers of missing people during a briefing to reporters in
Geneva, Switzerland, on Tuesday. “The death toll is huge,” she said.
At least 5,300 people are thought dead, said the interior ministry of Libya’s eastern government
on Tuesday, state media LANA reported. CNN has not been able to independently verify the
number of deaths or those missing.
Of those who were killed, at least 145 were Egyptian, officials in the northeastern city of Tobruk,
in Libya, said on Tuesday.
In the eastern city of Derna, which has seen the worst of the devastation, as many as 6,000
people remain missing, Othman Abduljalil, health minister in Libya’s eastern administration,
told Libya’s Almasar TV. He called the situation “catastrophic,” when he toured the city on
Monday.
Whole neighborhoods are believed to have been washed away in the city, according to
authorities.
Hospitals in Derna are no longer operable and the morgues are full, said Osama Aly, an
Emergency and Ambulance service spokesperson.
Dead bodies have been left outside the morgues on the sidewalks, he told CNN.
“There are no first-hand emergency services. People are working at the moment to collect the
rotting bodies,” said Anas Barghathy, a doctor currently volunteering in Derna.
‘We are all terrified’
Relatives of people who lived in the destroyed city of Derna told CNN they were terrified after
seeing videos of the flooding, with no word from their family members.
Ayah, a Palestinian woman with cousins in Derna, said she has been unable to reach them since
the floods.
“I’m really worried about them. I have two cousins who live in Derna. It seems all
communications are down and I don’t know if they are alive at this point. It is very terrifying
watching the videos coming out of Derna. We are all terrified,” she said.
Emad Milad, a resident of Tobrok, said eight of his relatives died in the flooding in Derna.
“My wife Areej’s sister and her husband both passed away. His whole family is also dead. A
total of eight people are all gone. It’s a disaster. It’s a disaster. We are praying for better things,”
he said on Tuesday.
‘Ferocious’ weather conditions
The rain, which has swept across several cities in Libya’s north-east, is the result of a very strong
low-pressure system that brought catastrophic flooding to Greece last week and moved into the
Mediterranean before developing into a tropical-like cyclone known as a medicane.
The deadly storm comes in an unprecedented year of climate disasters and record-breaking
weather extremes, from devastating wildfires to oppressive heat.
Just as ocean temperatures around the world soar off the charts due to planet-warming pollution,
the temperature of the Mediterranean is well-above average, which scientists say fueled the
storm’s heavy rainfall.
“The warmer water does not only fuel those storms in terms of rainfall intensity, it also makes
them more ferocious,” Karsten Haustein, climate scientist and meteorologist at Leipzig
University in Germany, told the Science Media Center.
Libya’s vulnerability to extreme weather is increased by its long-running political conflict, which
has seen a decade-long power struggle between two rival administrations.
The UN-backed Government of National Unity (GNU), led by Abdulhamid Dbeibeh, sits in
Tripoli in northwest Libya, while its eastern rival is controlled by commander Khalifa Haftar and
his Libyan National Army (LNA), who support the eastern-based parliament led by Osama
Hamad.
Derna, which lies some 300 kilometers (190 miles) east of Benghazi, falls under the control of
Haftar and his eastern administration.
The country’s complex politics “pose challenges for developing risk communication and hazard
assessment strategies, coordinating rescue operations, and also potentially for maintenance of
critical infrastructure such as dams,” Leslie Mabon, lecturer in Environmental Systems at The
Open University, told the Science Media Center.
Dams collapse
The collapse of two dams, which sent water rushing towards Derna, has caused catastrophic
damage, authorities said Tuesday.
“Three bridges were destroyed. The flowing water carried away entire neighborhoods, eventually
depositing them into the sea,” said Ahmed Mismari, spokesperson for the LNA.
Homes in valleys were washed away by strong muddy currents carrying vehicles and debris, said
Aly, the Emergency and Ambulance authority spokesperson.
Phone lines in the city are down, complicating rescue efforts, with workers unable to enter Derna
due to the heavy destruction, Aly told CNN.
Aly said authorities didn’t anticipate the scale of the disaster.
“The weather conditions were not studied well, the seawater levels and rainfall [were not
studied], the wind speeds, there was no evacuation of families that could be in the path of the
storm and in valleys,” he said.
“Libya was not prepared for a catastrophe like that. It has not witnessed that level of catastrophe
before. We are admitting there were shortcomings even though this is the first time we face that
level of catastrophe,” Aly told Al Hurra channel.
‘Unprecedented flooding’
The storm looks certain to be one of the deadliest on record in North Africa.
Libya is facing an “unprecedented” situation, said Hamad, the head of the eastern administration,
according to a report from state news organization Libyan News Agency (LANA).
Mismari, the LNA spokesperson, said the floods have affected several cities, including Al-
Bayda, Al-Marj, Tobruk, Takenis, Al-Bayada, and Battah, as well as the eastern coast all the way
to Benghazi. At least 37 residential buildings were swept away into the season.
“We are not prepared for such a scale of devastation,” Mismari said.
Libyan authorities need three types of specialized search groups including teams to recover
bodies from rugged valleys after torrents dispersed them, teams to recover bodies from under the
rubble, and teams to recover bodies from the sea, he added.
Tens of thousands of military personnel have been deployed, but many of the flood-stricken
regions are still inaccessible to emergency workers, according to Mismari.
Several countries and human rights groups have offered aid as rescue teams scramble to find
survivors under the debris and rubble.
The International Rescue Committee (IRC) said the country faces “an unprecedented
humanitarian crisis,” in the wake of the disaster.
Ciaran Donelly, IRC’s senior vice president for crisis response, said the challenges in Libya “are
immense, with phone lines down and heavy destruction hampering rescue efforts.” He added that
climate change has compounded the “steadily deteriorating” situation in the country after years
of conflict and instability
Turkish aircraft delivering humanitarian aid have arrived in Libya, according to Turkey’s
Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) on Tuesday.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said the country would send 168 search and rescue
teams and humanitarian aid to Benghazi, according to state run news agency Anadoulu Agency
on Tuesday.
Italy is sending a civil defense team to assist with rescue operations, the country’s Civil
Protection Department said Tuesday.
The US Embassy in Tripoli, Libya, announced that its special envoy, ambassador Richard
Norland, had made an official declaration of humanitarian need.
This “will authorize initial funding that the United States will provide in support of relief efforts
in Libya. We are coordinating with UN partners and Libyan authorities to assess how best to
target official US assistance,” it posted on X (formally known as Twitter).
United Arab Emirates President, Zayed Al Nahyan, has directed to send aid and search and
rescue teams while offering his condolences to those affected by the catastrophe, state news
agency reported.
Egypt’s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi sent a military delegation, led by the Egypt’s Armed
Forces’ chief of staff Osama Askar, whom arrived in Libya on Tuesday to coordinate the
provision of logistical and humanitarian assistance.
The storm reached a peak in northeastern Libya on Monday, according to a statement from the
World Meteorological Organization, citing Libya’s National Meteorological Centre.
Libya’s storm follows deadly flooding in many other parts of the globe including southern
Europe and Hong Kong.
CNN’s Laura Paddison, Celine Alkhaldi, Barbie Nadeau, Sharon Braithwaite, Stephanie Halasz,
Zahid Mahmood, Nadeen Ebrahim, Monica Sarbu and AnneClaire Stapleton contributed
reporting