Read these news extracts.

EXTRACT 1:

Vietnam will have 1.5 million more men than women aged 15-49 by 2034 if the sex ratio at
birth imbalance remains unaddressed, a study has found. The General Statistics Office (GSO)
of Vietnam said at a conference held on Friday to discuss the 2019 population and housing
census that this could reach 2.5 million by 2059. The study carried out by the GSO together
with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in Vietnam found that over the last 30
years the fertility rate decreased by nearly half from 3.8 children per woman in 1989 to 2.09
last year, below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1. But the sex ratio at birth was high at 111.5
boys per 100 girls. The gender imbalance was the highest (115.3) in the Red River Delta and
lowest in the Mekong River Delta (106.9).

Source: https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-to-have-1-5-million-more-men-than-
women-by-2034-4208486.html

EXTRACT 2:

The rooms that make up the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center at Indiana University are
lined wall to wall with identical shelves. Each shelf is filled with uniform racks, and each rack
with indistinguishable glass vials. The tens of thousands of fruit fly types within the vials,
though, are each magnificently different. Some have eyes that fluoresce pink. Some jump
when you shine a red light on them. Some have short bodies and iridescent curly wings, and
look “like little ballerinas,” said Carol Sylvester, who helps care for them. Each variety
doubles as a unique research tool, and it has taken decades to introduce the traits that make
them useful. If left unattended, the flies would die in a matter of weeks, marooning entire
scientific disciplines. Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, workers across industries have held
the world together, taking on great personal risk to care for sick patients, maintain supply
chains and keep people fed. But other essential jobs are less well-known. At the Stock Center
dozens of employees have come to work each day, through a lockdown and afterward, to
minister to the flies that underpin scientific research.

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/14/science/fruit-flies-covid.html

EXTRACT 3:

Wood burners triple the level of harmful pollution particles inside homes and should be sold
with a health warning, says scientists, who also advise that they should not be used around
elderly people or children. The tiny particles flood into the room when the burner doors are
opened for refuelling, a study found. Furthermore, people who load in wood twice or more in
an evening are exposed to pollution spikes two to four times higher than those who refuel once
or not at all. The particles can pass through the lungs and into the body and have been linked to
a wide range of health damage, particularly in younger and older people.

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/18/wood-burners-triple-harmful-
indoor-air-pollution-study-finds