26-10-2023

26-OCTOBER-2023

The Hindu News Analysis – 26th October 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T
1 Plaques in Santiniketan are temporary, says Visva-Bharati 14 12 14 10 10

2 Women, marriage and labour market participation 10 8 8 6 6

T&C T&C T&C T&C
3 How big is the gender gap in earnings? III III
10
III III

4
ISA to release report on global adoption of solar technology 14 12 14 10 10
in November
Tamil Nadu was the largest producer of lignite in 2022-23,
5 7 - - - -
says Union Coal Ministry
6 The legality of using white phosphorus 11 9 9 7 7

7 NFRA said to probe Adani group auditor EY arm S.R. Batliboi 16 14 16 12 12

8 Prelims Practice Questions @ end of the video

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 14 - C, D ;
Pg: 12 - B ;
Pg: 10 - H, T

Rabindranath Tagore

• Son of Debendranath Tagore.

• Disinterest in formal education.

• Talents - poetry, music, and philosophy.

• Titles - "Bard of Bengal" "Gurudev" "Kaviguru"

"Viswakavi"

Literature

• Literary works - Gitanjali, Manasi & Sonar Tari.

• Introduced Short Story in Bengali literature.

 The Hungry Stones and Other Stories

 The Glimpses of Bengal Life.

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Social Activism

• Participated in the Swadeshi movement of 1905.

 Withdrew support after Khudiram Bose incident.

• Jana Gana Mana – Indian Anthem

• Amar Shonar Bangla – Bangladesh Anthem

• Inspired Ceylon Anthem

• 1929, 1937 - Addressed World Parliament of Religions

 Harmonious relationship between God, humans, and

nature

• Relinquied Knighthood in response to Jallianwallah Bagh

Massacre.

• Gave “Mahatma” title.

Educationist

• Established Santhiniketan 1901.

Practice Question
• Vishwa-Bharati University Q. Which of the following national leaders
relinquished their knighthood?
 Challenged conventional educational
practices 1. Rabindranath Tagore
2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
 Focus on self-realization and moral
development 3. S. Subramania Iyer
4. Mahatma Gandhi
Philosophy
Select correct code given below:
• Empathy, compassion, and a holistic approach
a) 1 only
to human existence.
b) 1 and 2 only
• Inherent goodness of humankind. c) 1 and 3 only
• Mutual understanding. d) 1 and 4 only

• Peaceful coexistence.

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Pg: 10 - C;
Pg: 8 - B, D;
Pg: 6 - H, T Text & Context Pg: III - Pg 14 - C, B, H, T; Pg 10 - D

Part A — Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Economic and Social Development - Sustainable
Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics,
Social Sector Initiatives
Part B — Main Examination
PAPER - II
General Studies ‐ I: Indian Heritage and Culture,
History and Geography of the World and
Society.
• Role of women and women’s organization,
population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems
and their remedies.
Practice Question – Mains
GS – I
Q. India’s female labor force participation rate
ranks much low and is declining.” What are
various reasons for low labor force
participation of women in India? Suggest
some measures to correct the labor market’s
gender skew.
(150 words, 10 marks)

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Body of the answer

Reasons for low labor force participation rate

Model Introduction • Societal Norms

• LFPR - labour force divided by the total  Deeply established traditional gender roles.
working-age population.
• Early Marriage and Childbearing
• World bank report - LFPR for women is 24%
 Curtail a woman's ability to pursue a
and men has 73.6% in India.
career or complete her education.

• Unequal Pay and Gender Wage Gap

 Labor Bureau - median salary for women

is roughly 22 percent lower than median
salary for men.

Measures to increase female LFPR

• Lack of Supportive Policies
• Educational Empowerment
 Policies to support working women, such as
 Reducing dropouts from school and
maternity leave.
encouraging women to pursue higher
• Gender discrimination in workplace education.

 Harassment in workplaces and limited  Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao and the Sarva
opportunities for advancement. Shiksha Abhiyan.

 Safety concerns in urban areas. • Helping Rural women to access regular jobs

• Under reporting  Digital India, Pradhan Mantri Gramin

Digital Saksharta Abhiyan.
 Majority of women’s work goes unrecorded
in official data and statistics.  Helps to access online work opportunities
and resources.

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• Maternity and Childcare Support

 Paid maternity leave and affordable

childcare facilities.

• Skill Development Programs Model Conclusion

 Skill India, Make in India and new • Gender gap report 2022
gender-based quotas from corporate  India - 135/146 countries.
boards.
• Financial assistance and support for Women
• Ensuring safe Transportation and workplace Entrepreneurs.
 Safe and reliable public transportation.  Stand-Up India and MUDRA Yojana.
 Gender-sensitive and inclusive workplace
culture.

 Promoting Equal Pay for equal work.

Pg: 14 - C, D ;
Pg: 12 - B ;
Pg: 10 - H, T

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International Solar Alliance

• Conceived by India and France during COP

21 Paris Summit.

• Focus - mobilize efforts for solar energy

deployment.

• HQ - Gurugram, India.

Members

• 116 signatories.

• 94 countries ratified.

• UN member states are eligible to join.

Objectives Global Solar Facility

• Deployment of cost effective solar energy. • 5th Assembly of the International Solar
Alliance.
 Energy access, energy security and
sustainable energy transition. • Increase the installed solar capacity in
underserved regions.
• Towards 1000 strategy
• Africa  Latin America  Middle East 
 USD 1,000 billion of investments in solar
Asia.
energy by 2030.
Organizational structure
 1,000 GW of solar energy.
• Director General
 Mitigate 1,000 million tonnes of CO2 every
year.  Heads the International Solar Alliance.

• Special focus on Least Developed Countries  4 Year Term.

and the Small Island Developing States.  Responsible to general assembly.

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Practice Question
Q. How many of the following statements about the
ISA General Assembly One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG)
initiative are correct?
• Decision-making body. 1. International Solar Alliance (ISA) will
implement the initiative.
• Representatives from member countries.
2. The OSOWOW was conceived during the 1st
• Function Assembly of the International Solar Alliance

 Selection of the Director General. 3. UK’s Green Grids Initiative (GGI) merged with
the OSOWOG initiative during the COP-26
 Approval of ISA budget. climate summit in Glasgow.

 Appeasement of programs implemented by

4. It aims to create a common grid use it to
transfer renewable energy power.
the ISA.
Select the correct code given below:
 Determining ISA course of action. a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four

Pg: 7 - Chennai Edition

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Carbonization Inference

• High temperature and pressure forces out oxygen and

1 Dead plants fall in low lands hydrogen.

Plants are buried due to • More time - more amount of oxygen and hydrogen forced
2
sedimentation out.

3 Decomposition stops • Older the coal - more carbon content.

4 More sedimentation

More Pressure and

5 temperature

6 Hydrogen and Oxygen forced out

7 Carbon content increase

Lignite Coal Lignite Coal distribution in India

• It belongs to tertiary period. • Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jammu Kashmir, Odisha,
Kerala and West Bengal.
• Low Carbon content.
Lignite Coal distribution in world
• High Moisture content.
• China, Indonesia, Germany, Turkey, and the Russian
Federation.

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Practice Question
Q. Despite having abundant coal reserves why does India
Applications of lignite
import coal?
• Electricity generation. 1. Non availability of coking grade coal.
• Home heating during winters. 2. Imported coal is cheaper than the coal produced in
India.
• Biological pest control.
3. Infrastructure bottlenecks and lack of proper
• Production of Natural Gas via connectivity between coal fields and the thermal
power plants.
gasification.
4. Majority of coal in India is found in tribal and
• Fertilizer production. ecologically sensitive areas making it difficult to mine.
• Industrial absorbent. How many of the above mentioned reasons are correct?
a) Only one
• Production of Oil Well Drilling Mud.
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four

Pg: 11 - C ;
Pg: 9 - B, D ;
Pg: 7 - H, T

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White Phosphorus

• Produced from phosphate-containing rocks.

• Heating of phosphate rocks in a furnace +

carbon & silica = white phosphorus.

• Toxic chemical substance.

• Looks like waxy crystalline solid.

• Colour - white, yellow or colourless.

 Turns Dark - on exposure to light.

• Smells like garlic.

• Spontaneous ignition - when comes into

contact with oxygen.

 Difficult to extinguish - waxy property.

Applications of the white phosphorous

• Industries - manufacturing of phosphoric

acid, phosphates etc.

 Used in fertilizers, detergents etc.

• Used as a pesticide & rodenticide.

• Used in ammunition and fireworks as an

incendiary agent.

• Smoke agent in battlefields - WP produces

irritating white smoke.

• Manufacturing of computer chips, metal

alloys, glowing paints & special glasses.

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Harmful effects of the white phosphorous

• White phosphorous - toxic chemical substance.

 Direct exposure - results in deep and

severe burns on the skins.

 Over exposure - cardiovascular effects,

kidney failure & nerve damage in humans.

• Smoke from burning of white phosphorus.

 Harmful to eyes & respiratory tract.

Pg: 16 - C, D ;
Pg: 14 - B ;
Pg: 12 - H, T

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National Financial Reporting Authority Composition

• Overseeing & regulating auditing professions. • Headed by a chairperson.

• Established in 2018 - under the Companies • Other members - not exceeding 15.
Act, 2013.
• Chairperson - person of eminence and having
• Monitored by CAG of India. expertise in accountancy, auditing, finance
or law.
• Headquarters - New Delhi.
• Appointed by the Central Government.
Objective
Powers
• To enhance quality and reliability of
financial reporting. • Undertake investigation related to all listed
companies & large unlisted companies.
• Ensuring transparency, accountability, and
adherence to accounting and auditing • Can impose penalty on both individuals and
standards. companies.

Functions Practice Question – Prelims

• Setting & monitoring accounting and auditing

Q. What is the primary objective of establishing
National Financial Reporting Authority
standards.
(NFRA) in India?
• Investigating audit failures. (a) Regulating the insurance sector
• Oversight of auditors. (b) Ensuring financial inclusion

• Promoting transparency and reliability. (c) Enhancing the quality of auditing

(d) Assistance to Comptroller and Auditor
• Safeguarding public interest.
General

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Practice Question
Q. Despite having abundant coal reserves why does India
import coal?
1. Non availability of coking grade coal.
2. Imported coal is cheaper than the coal produced in
India.
3. Infrastructure bottlenecks and lack of proper
connectivity between coal fields and the thermal
power plants.
4. Majority of coal in India is found in tribal and
ecologically sensitive areas making it difficult to mine.
How many of the above mentioned reasons are correct?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four

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Practice Question
Q. How many of the following statements about the
One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG)
initiative are correct?
1. International Solar Alliance (ISA) will
implement the initiative.
2. The OSOWOW was conceived during the 1st
Assembly of the International Solar Alliance
3. UK’s Green Grids Initiative (GGI) merged with
the OSOWOG initiative during the COP-26
climate summit in Glasgow.
4. It aims to create a common grid use it to
transfer renewable energy power.
Select the correct code given below:
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four

Practice Question
Q. Which of the following national leaders
relinquished their knighthood?
1. Rabindranath Tagore
2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3. S. Subramania Iyer
4. Mahatma Gandhi
Select correct code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 and 4 only

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. What is the primary objective of establishing
National Financial Reporting Authority
(NFRA) in India?
(a) Regulating the insurance sector
(b) Ensuring financial inclusion
(c) Enhancing the quality of auditing
(d) Assistance to Comptroller and Auditor
General

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