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Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 01 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

i. Question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
ii. Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii. Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question
should not exceed 40 words.
iv. Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should
not exceed 60 words
v. Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
not exceed 120 words.
vi. Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each
vii. Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from
Geography (3 marks).
viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one
of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

Section A
1. At present, there are about ______ hectares of degraded land in India.

a) 130 thousand

b) 130 crores

c) 30 million

d) 150 million
2. This popular Bhadu song in the Damodar valley region narrates the troubles faced by people owing to the flooding of
Damodar river known as

a) the river loss

b) the river happiness

c) the river prosperity

d) the river of sorrow

3. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

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Which of the following aspect best represent the image?

a) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.

b) Kaiser William I and the founding of Carbonari in Berne 1833.

c) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Italy in Marseilles in 1833.

d) Count Camillo de Cavour and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.

4. Arrange the following in the correct sequence with the ideal location of an industry:
i. Capital
ii. Market
iii. Labour
iv. Raw Material
a) iv, iii, i, ii

b) ii, i, iii, iv

c) iii, ii, iv, i

d) i, ii, iii, iv
5. Identify the factor which does not lead to the breakdown of Caste hierarchy:

a) Occupational mobility

b) Growth of literacy and education

c) Large-scale urbanisation

d) Religious teachings
6. Modern forms of money include

a) currency-paper notes and coins

b) gold coins

c) copper coins

d) silver coins

Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?
7. Match the following:
Column A Column B  

(a) The finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70%. (i) limestone
(b) Oldest oil-producing state in India. (ii) Odisha
(c) The largest manganese producing state. (iii) Assam

(d) Sedimentary rock. (iv) Magnetite

a) (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)

b) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

8. Identify the incorrect option as given below:

a) The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance.

b) Banks have to submit information to the RBI on income tax returns.

c) The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators

d) The RBI supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans.

9. Which mill came up in India for the first time in India?

a) Cotton

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b) Opium

c) Silk

d) Indigo
10. On which of the following idea/ideas is communal politics based?

a) None of the given

b) promotion of religious stereotypes

c) Creating a vote bank of the basis on capability

d) One religion is considered inferior than the others

11. Identify the incorrect option from the points:

a) The main motive of informal sources is profit-making.

b) In informal sources lenders charge much higher rates of interest.

c) In informal sources, there is no organisation that supervises credit activities.

d) Banks and cooperatives are the examples of informal sources

12. Assertion (A): There was a feeling of alienation among Sri Lankan Tamils.

Reason (R): The Sri Lankan government denied them equal political rights and discriminated against them in getting
jobs and other opportunities.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

13. Why is it difficult taking a loan from a bank than taking a loan from informal source?

a) Bank does not know the borrower

b) Bank loan requires proper documents and collateral

c) Banks often harass the borrowers

d) Informal sources provide loans at cheaper rates

14. Read the given data and find out the difference in the percentage of literate rural boys and rural boys who are attending
school in UP.
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF RURAL POPULATION OF UTTAR PRADESH
Category Male (%) Female (%)
Literacy rate for rural population 76 54

Literacy rate for rural children in age group 10-14 years 90 87

Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 attending school 85 82
a) 5

b) 14

c) 85

d) -5
15. Read the given data and find out which states are NOT equal contributors to the production of limestone.
Production of Limestone in 2016–17 Percentage

Andhra Pradesh 11

Chhattisgarh 10
Gujarat 8

Karnataka 10

Madhya Pradesh 11

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Rajasthan 21

Telangana 8

Tamil Nadu 8
a) Tamil Nadu and Gujarat

b) Telangana and Rajasthan

c) Karnataka and Chhattisgarh

d) Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh

16. Find the odd one out:
A. Teacher
B. Dairy farming
C. Fishing
D. Animal husbandry
a) (A)

b) (B)

c) (D)

d) (C)
17. Fill in the blank:
SECTOR CRITERIA USED
Organized & Unorganized Nature of employment activities

Public & Private ?

a) Nature of Production activities

b) Nature of economic activities

c) Nature of Ownership

d) Nature of Social activities

18. Read the information given below and select the correct option

Village Palampur is situated about 10 kilometres west of Surat. In a village, males of families work as labourers while
the females are responsible for household jobs. Due to a lack of income, a collective group was formed by 15 women.
Each member of the group deposits Rs. 100 as savings every month. Members can take small loans from the group itself
to meet their needs. The group charges interest on these loans but this is still less than what the moneylender charges.
The group help women to become financially self-reliant, the regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss
and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc. Name the group formed by 15
women.

a) Self Financing Group

b) Self Credit Group

c) Self Women Group

d) Self Help Group

19. Give one word: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a legislative body) to a
different party.

a) Coalition

b) Defection

c) Partisanship

d) Affidavit
20. Choose the incorrect statement regarding Satyagraha as an idea.

1. The power of truth and the demand to search for truth.

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2. Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through nonviolence.

3. Vengeance was bound to ultimately triumph.

a) 1 and 2

b) 3 only

c) 1 only

d) 2 and 3
Section B
21. Explain the impact of the First World War on British economy.
22. How does religion influence the political set up in our country? Explain.
23. How has competition arising from globalisation benefited people in India?

OR

What is foreign investment? How much did Ford Motors invest in India?
24. State any three factors other than income that is important in life.
Section C
25. "Foreign trade is an important component of globalization". Explain.

OR

Mention the reasons that forced Indian Government for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment just after
independence?
26. What is a wildlife sanctuary? How is it different from national park?
27. Examine any four reasons for strained relationship between the Sinhala and the Tamil communities.
28. "Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy". Analyse the statement with examples.
29. Judiciary plays an important role in Indian federalism. Justify the statement.
Section D
30. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

OR

Distinguish between Subsistence and Commercial agriculture.

31. Describe any five measures introduced by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the
French people.

OR

'While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or a statue, how does one go about giving a face to a
nation." Examine this statement in context of European nationalism in five points.
32. Differentiate between organised and unorganised sector. Also give specific examples.

OR

What are the advantages of an organized sector for the workers?

33. How are the democratic governments better than the other forms of governments? Compare.

OR

How can democracy accommodate the dignity of women and caste discrimination in one system?
Section E

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34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In 1928, the
HSRA was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das
and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of
British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. Bhagat
Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he
did not wish to glorify ‘the cult of the bomb and pistol’ but wanted a revolution in society.
i. What did HSRA stand for?
ii. What was the philosophy behind the founding HSRA?
iii. Bhagat Singh and his fellows attempted to blow up a train in 1929. Who was travelling on that train?
35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and discussion. Even
those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas. Through the printed message,
they could persuade people to think differently, and move them to action. This had significance in different spheres of
life.

Not everyone welcomed the printed book and those who did also had fears about it. Many were apprehensive of the
effects that the easier access to the printed word and the wider circulation of books, could have on people’s minds. It was
feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might spread.
If that happened the authority of ‘valuable’ literature would be destroyed.

In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of
the Roman Catholic Church. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were immediately
reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the
Protestant Reformation. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.’
i. Why were Martin Luther’s Theses a challenge to Church in Europe?
ii. Why were people afraid of the newly printed books entering the market?
iii. Enumerate the benefits of prints with respect to dissenters of established authorities.
Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings,
while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply
locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to
demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These
are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development
of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore,
efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

Movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based
on these, transport can also be classified into land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were
restricted to limited space. With the development of science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport
expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport
has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport,
communication and trade are complementary to each other.
i. Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times.

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ii. Enumerate the domains and means of transport.
iii. Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country?
Section F
37. a. Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names
on the lines drawn near them. 
A. The place where the Indian National Congress session was held in December 1920.
B. The place associated with Peasant Satyagraha.
b. On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable Symbols. (any three)
i. Haldia - Major Sea Port
ii. Noida - Software Technology Park
iii. Naharkatia – Oil Field
iv. Kalpakkam - Nuclear Power Plant
v. Raja Sansi - International  Airport

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Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 01 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (d) 150 million

Explanation: At present, there are about 150 million hectares of degraded land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it
belongs to the category of forest degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and the rest is affected by saline
and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying to have
contributed significantly to land degradation.
2. (d) the river of sorrow

Explanation: This popular Bhadu song in the Damodar valley region narrates the troubles faced by people owing to the
flooding of Damodar river known as the' river of sorrow'.
3. (a) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.

Explanation: Giuseppe Mazzini found the secret society of Young Europe in Berne 1833.
4. (a) iv, iii, i, ii

Explanation: iv, iii, i, ii

5. (d) Religious teachings

Explanation: Large-scale urbanisation, Growth of literacy and education, and Occupational mobility lead to the
breakdown of Caste hierarchy.
6. (a) currency-paper notes and coins

Explanation: Modern forms of money include currency- paper notes and coins. Unlike the things that were used as
money earlier, modern currency is not made of precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper. And unlike grain and
cattle, they are neither of everyday use. The modern currency is without any use of its own.

Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?
7. (d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

Explanation: (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

8. (b) Banks have to submit information to the RBI on income tax returns.

Explanation: Banks have to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending, to whom, at what interest
rate, etc.
9. (a) Cotton

Explanation: The first cotton mill that came up in India was in 1854.
10. (b) promotion of religious stereotypes

Explanation: Communal politics is based on given aspects:

i. One religion is considered superior to others.
ii. Creating a vote bank of the basis on religion.
iii. Parties promote religious stereotypes.
11. (d) Banks and cooperatives are the examples of informal sources

Explanation: Banks and cooperatives are examples of formal sources and moneylenders, traders, employees, friends and
relatives etc. are the example of informal sources.
12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: An act was passed in 1956 to recognize Sinhala as as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil.

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The government of Sri Lanka favoured people from the Sinhala community for higher education and government jobs. It
led to resentment among Sri Lankan Tamils as the government was not sensitive to their culture and language.
13. (b) Bank loan requires proper documents and collateral

Explanation: Informal lenders know the borrowers personally and hence are willing to give loan without collateral (it is
an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicles, livestock, deposits with banks) and uses this as a
guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid). They also do not keep records of transactions which makes the borrowers
comfortable taking a loan from them.
14. (a) 5

Explanation: 5
15. (b) Telangana and Rajasthan

Explanation: Telangana and Rajasthan

16. (a) (A)

Explanation: The teacher provides service to the people in an economy and therefore belongs to the tertiary sector and
rest three belongs to the primary sector.
17. (c) Nature of Ownership

Explanation: Nature of Ownership

18. (d) Self Help Group

Explanation: A typical SHG has 15-20 members, usually belonging to one neighbourhood, who meet and save
regularly. Saving per member varies from Rs 25 to Rs 100 or more, depending on the ability of the people to save.
19. (b) Defection

Explanation: Many elected representatives were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become ministers or for cash
rewards. Defection means Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a legislative body)
to a different party.
20. (b) 3 only

Explanation: The idea of satyagraha basically emphasised the power of truth and the demand to search for truth. It
suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to
fight the oppressor. By this huge and great struggle, the truth was bound to ultimately triumph.
Section B
21. The following was the impact of the First World War on Britain’s economy:
a. While Britain was pre-occupied with war, industries had developed in Japan and India. After the war, Britain found it
difficult to recapture its earlier position.
b. Moreover, to finance war expenditures, Britain had borrowed liberally from the US. This meant that, at the end of the
war, Britain was burdened with huge external debts.
c. The war had led to an economic boom, that is, a huge increase in demand, production and employment. When the
war boom ended, production contracted and unemployment increased. In 1921, one in every five British workers was
out of work. Anxiety and uncertainty about work became an enduring part of the post-war time.
22. Communalism continues to be one of the major challenges to democracy in our country. That's why the makers of our
constitution chose the model of a secular state. There is no official religion for India. The religion in politics is not as
dangerous as it seems to us. Ethical values of each religion can play a major role in politics. As a member of any
religious community, people should express their political needs. The political leaders regulate the practice of religion so
that there should be no discrimination and oppression. If all religions are treated equally then these political acts are
correct in any way.
23. Globalisation has led to competition among producers as it opened the door for MNCs to come to India. The competition
brought about by globalisation and imported goods has benefitted the people in India in the following ways:
i. Indian producers have improved their technology and quality to compete with foreign producers. This has benefitted
the buyers of the goods as they have access to better quality goods at economical prices and this has also benefited

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the producers, who can now compete in the global market. With advanced technology, the local producers have been
successful in reducing their cost of production and this has enabled them to reduce their prices.  
ii. Some Indian companies have emerged as MNCs, while some have entered into collaboration with foreign
companies. MNCs have also invested in Indian companies, thus benefiting both.

OR

Investment made by an MNC to buy assets like land, building, machinery, equipment, shares etc. in a country other than
the country of their origin is termed as foreign investment. Foreign investment provides for an inflow of foreign capital
and funds. Ford Motors has set up a production plant for cars in Chennai in partnership with Mahindra and Mahindra and
they have invested Rs.1,700 crore in India.
24. There are many factors other than income which are important in life. They are freedom, respect of others, good working
atmosphere, equal treatment etc. But for the country's development there are some important factors.
i. Infant Mortality Rate : It is an indicator of the availability of doctors and medical facilities in the region as well as
the awareness of the people living there in regard to diseases and their prevention.
ii. Literacy Rate: This is an indicator of the number of schools and teachers available in a region and also indicates
whether the facilities are being used or not due to societal pressures.
iii. Life Expectancy : This is also an indicator of available health facilities. Low life expectancy is a hindrance to
economic development.
Section C
25. Foreign trade is an important component of globalization due to the following reasons:
i. Foreign trade implies exchange of goods and services across the countries.
ii. It helps to expand the size of market for producers.
iii. Producers and consumers can get commodities produced in any part of the world.
iv. It works to integrate markets in different countries.
v. Foreign trade gives consumers a wide range of choice in choosing the products.

OR

Following are the reasons that forced the Indian Government for putting Barriers:
a. To protect producers within the country from foreign competition.
b. To regulate foreign trade and to decide what kind of goods and how much of each should come into country.
c. To save our freedom from Neo Colonialism.
26. A wildlife sanctuary is like a national park but the only difference is that in a sanctuary certain types of activities might
be permitted. Livestock grazing and collection of forest produce, for instance, may be allowed.

Whereas in a national park, conservation of species is mostly left to nature, with the least human activities, but in a
sanctuary conservation of species is affected by manipulative management.
27. After the Independence (1948), the leaders of the Sinhala community of Sri Lanka sought to secure dominance over the
government by virtue of their majority. So they took some Majoritarian measures to establish their dominance. These are
i. In 1956, an Act was passed which recognised Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil language.
ii. Preferences were given to Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs, etc.
iii. State shall promote and foster Buddhism according to new Constitution.
iv. Sri Lankan Tamil felt that none of the major political parties led by Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their
language and culture. It increased the feeling of alienation among the Srilankan Tamils.
v. The Srilankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language.

All these measures strained the relationship between the two communities.
28. "Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy" because 
i. Without political parties, democracies cannot exist.

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ii. If we do not have political parties, in such a situation every candidate in elections will be independent.
iii. No one will be able to make any promises to thé people about any major policy changes.
iv. The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain.
v. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in their locality.
vi. But no one will be responsible for how the country will run.
vii. Political parties shape public opinion.
29. a. Judiciary with the supreme court at the apex is the sole interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
b.  Independent judiciary is the essence of the federal government. Here, courts have the power to interpret the
constitution and the powers of the different levels of government.
c. Judiciary administers both the union and state laws which are applicable to the cases coming up for adjudication.
d. The disputes about the division of powers are settled by the Judiciary. In India, the highest court—the Supreme Court
—acts as an umpire if a dispute arises between the different levels of government in the exercise of their respective
powers.

Hence, the judiciary is considered as the guardian of the Indian federalism.

Section D
30. Rice: It is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. Our country is the second-largest producer of rice in
the world after China. It is a Kharif crop that requires high temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual
rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. Rice is grown in the plains of
north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of a dense network of canal irrigation
and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar
Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

OR

Subsistence agriculture Commercial agriculture

The farming practice in which crops are raised for
The farming practice, in which the farmer grows crops for
personal consumption, it is known as subsistence
the purpose of trade, it is called commercial farming.
farming.
Farmers and their families produce cereals for themselves Crops are grown on a large scale with a view to export
and for the local market.   them to other countries.  
It depends on monsoon. It uses modern irrigation methods.
It is practiced in small areas. Cereals like wheat, rice, It is practiced in large areas. Wheat, cotton, sugarcane etc.
millets are mainly raised. are mainly raised.
31. Measures introduced by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity:
i. The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution of 1789.
ii. The ideas of la Patrie (the fatherland) and le Citoyen (the citizen) emphasized.
iii. The notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
iv. A new French flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
v. The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
vi. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of nation.
vii. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its
territory. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was
adopted

OR

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Visualization of the Nation:
i. The artists, in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe, wanted to represent a country, as if it was a person. In other
words, they wanted to personify the nation.
ii. The nation was personified through the brushes of the artists. They portrayed the nation as a female figure.
iii. The artist portrayed ideas like liberty, justice, and the republic through the female allegory.
iv. In France, the female form was given the name of Marianne, which represented the nation. Her characteristics were
the red cap, the tricolor, and the cockade, drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic. The statues of Marianne
were erected in public squares to persuade the common people to identify with it and remind them of the national
symbol of unity. Marianne images were marked on stamps and coins.
v. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves because oak
stands for heroism.

32. Organized Sector Unorganized Sector

 The unorganised sector is characterized by small

 It is the one where the terms of employment are regular and people
and scattered units which are largely outside the
have assured work.
control of the government.

 They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules
 There are rules and regulations but these are not
and regulations which are given in various laws such as the
followed.
Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act etc.

 Jobs are low-paid and often not regular. Workers

 The terms of employment are regular. People have assured work. can be removed at any time without assigning a
reason.

Employees get benefits like paid leave, payment during holidays,  There is no provision of other benefits apart from
provident fund, pensions, gratuity, medical benefits, etc. daily wages.

 People work only for a fixed number of hours or if they work  There is no fixed number of working hours.
more, they get paid overtime. hours. Also, there is no provision of overtime.
Examples :
i. In a developing country, the government has to take the responsibility for the provision of basic services. For
example, hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative
offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc.
ii. The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as trade, transport, storage,
etc. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors more would be the demand for such services.
iii. As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services, such as eating out, tourism,
shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training, etc. This change is quite sharp in cities, especially
in big cities.
iv. Over the past decade or so, certain new services, such as those based on information and communication technology
have become important and essential.
v. Government policy of Privatisation has also led to the growth of this sector.
vi. A large number of workers are engaged in services, such as small shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons, etc.
vii. However, the entire sector has not grown. Large numbers of people engaged as construction workers, maid, peons,
small shopkeepers, etc., do not find any change in their life.

OR

The following are the advantages for the workers in the organized sector:
i. Workers in the organized sector enjoy security of employment.

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ii. Organized sector is registered by the government and has to follow its rules and regulations which are given in
various laws such as the Factories Act, the Minimum Wages Act, the Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops Act, etc.
iii. They work only a fixed number of hours. If they are asked to work for longer hours, they are paid extra money for
overtime by the employer.
iv. They also get several other benefits from the employers like paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund and
gratuity.
v. They also get medical benefits and, under the laws, the employer has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a
safe working environment.
vi. When they retire, these workers get pensions as well.
33. The democratic governments are better than other forms of governments because:
i. Democratic governments have a formal Constitution, while it is not there in the case of other forms of governments.
ii. They hold regular elections by which they decreased the possibility of dictatorship while it is not the case in other
forms of governments.
iii. They have political parties by which they have to face competitions with each other which is beneficial for people
there is no such thing in other forms of governments.
iv. They guarantee rights to citizens, while it is not the case in the other forms of governments.
v. Democratic government accommodates social diversities, while no such thing in other forms of government.

OR

Democracy can adjust to the dignity of women and caste discrimination in one system in the following manner:
A. By extending legal and political equality to women, to the weaker sections of society, to the marginalized.
B. By guaranteeing fundamentals rights to all.
C. Giving adequate representation to them and protection through various safeguards.
D. This will give political voice to the marginalized and will increase their democratic consciousness.
E. This will enable women, lower casts and other disadvantaged groups to wage their struggle for justice, fairness with a
legal backing.
Section E
34. i. Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.
ii. The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) believed that the struggle against the British could not be
won through non-violence.
iii. In 1929, there was an attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in.
Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?
35. i. Ninety-Five: Theses criticised many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. It challenged
the Church to debate his ideas.
ii. a. Many were apprehensive of the effects that the easier access to the printed word and the wider circulation of
books, could have on people’s minds.
b. It was feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read then rebellious and irreligious
thoughts might spread.
c. If that happened the authority of ‘valuable’ literature would be destroyed.
iii. a. Those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas.
b. Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think differently and move them to action.
36. i. Movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for
transport.

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ii. i. Movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and
air.
ii. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
iii. i. Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to
fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
ii. Goods and services do not move from supply location to demand locations on their own. This necessitates
the need for transport.
iii. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and
take them to the consumers by transportation.
iv. The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their
movements over space. (Any two relevant points)
Section F
37. a. A. Nagpur
B. Kheda
b.

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