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Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 11 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

i. Question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
ii. Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii. Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question
should not exceed 40 words.
iv. Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should
not exceed 60 words
v. Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
not exceed 120 words.
vi. Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each
vii. Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from
Geography (3 marks).
viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one
of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

Section A
1. Belgium is a small country in which of the following continents?

a) Asia

b) Europe

c) North America

d) Australia
2. Which party is a member of the United Progressive Alliance Since 2004?

a) Nationalist Congress Party

b) Indian National Congress

c) Bhartiya Janta Party

d) Communist Party of India - Marxist

3. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

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The above procession of women in Bombay pertains to which Indian National Movement? 

a) Quit India Movement

b) Civil Disobedience Movement

c) Khilafat Movement

d) Non-Cooperation Movement
4. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
i. The Second Round Table Conference
ii. Ambedkar established Depressed Class Association
iii. Chauri Chaura Incident
iv. The Non-Corporation Movement and the Khilafat Movement launched.
a) ii, i, iv, iii

b) iv, iii, ii, i

c) ii, iv, iii, i

d) iii, iv, i, ii
5. Match the following:
(a) A process under which two or more than two cultures intermingle and produce a new culture. (i) Chutney music
(b) In Trinidad, the annual Muharram procession was transferred into a riotous carnival (ii) Cultural fusion

(c) Popular in Trinidad and Guyana, creative contemporary expression of the post-indenture
(iii) Rastafarianism
experience.
(d) It was made famous by the Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley (iv) Hosay
a) (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)

b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)

6. When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to Local government, it is called:

a) conflict resolution

b) mutual understanding

c) separation

d) decentralisation
7. Match the following:
Column A Column B
(a) Gobar gas (i) Non-renewable or limited in nature.
(b) Aluminium (ii) It provides lubricants for machinery and raw materials for many manufacturing industries.

(c) Petroleum (iii) They provide energy and improved quality of manure.
(d) Minerals (iv) It can be used as an substitute for steel.
a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

b) (a) - (i), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)

c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

8. Match the following:
(a) Cooperative societies (i) A larger part of the earnings of the borrower is used to repay the loan

(b) Credit money (ii) Small scale organisation formed by people themselves

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(c) Cash reserve ratio (iii) Future monetary claim against an individual that can be used to buy goods and services
(d) The higher cost of (iv) A certain minimum amount of deposit that the commercial banks have to hold as
borrowing reserves with the central bank
a) (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)

b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)

c) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)

9. Which of the following categories of forests and wastelands belongs to government, private individuals, communities?

a) Unclassed forest

b) Reserved forest

c) Open forest

d) Protected forest
10. NSSO is an organisation under the ministry of:

a) Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution

b) Commerce and industry

c) Agriculture and farming

d) Statistics,Planning and Programme Implementation

11. Match the following:
Column A Column B

(a) Labour-intensive industry (i) Coffee

(b) Rainfed crop (ii) Sericulture
(c) Rearing of silkworms for the production of silk fibre (iii) Millet

(d) Beverage crop (iv) Tea

a) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

b) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)

d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

12. Assertion (A): Belgium and Spain have holding together federation.

Reason (R): A big country divides power between constituent states and the national government.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is wrong but R is correct

13. By what name, the British flag was called?

a) Union Jack

b) Triumph allegory

c) Jack Union

d) The Nobel icon

14. Given chart gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil. Read the given data and find out which region can use the reserves
for the maximum number of years.
Reserve (2017)

Region/Country Number of years Reserves will last

(Thousand Million Barrels)

Middle East 808 70

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United States of America 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy. June 2018. P.12.

a) Middle East

b) United States of America

c) World

d) None of these
15. Read the given data and find out what percentage of barren and unculturable land has decreased from 1960-61 to 2014-
15.
General Land Use Categories Percentage (1960-61) Percentage (2014-15)

Current Fallow 3.73 4.9

Culturable Wasteland 6.23 4.0

Barren and unculturable land 18.11 5.5

Net Sown Area 46.26 45.5

Forest Area 18.11 23.3

a) 23.61

b) 5.5

c) 18.11

d) 12.61
16. Find the odd one out from the following options:
i. Banks : Rich households
ii. Krishak Cooperative : Agricultural implement
iii. Swapna : Moneylender
iv. Arun : Loan
a) Option (iv)

b) Option (i)

c) Option (ii)

d) Option (iii)
17. Fill in the blank:
AGRICULTURE DEPENDENCY

Primitive Subsistence Farming ?

Intensive Subsistence Farming Biochemical inputs and irrigation
a) Higher doses of modern inputs

b) Involves exploitation of natural resources

c) Socio-cultural practices

d) Natural environmental conditions

18. Read the information given below and select the correct option

After the revolt of 1857, the attitude to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishmen demanded a clampdown on
the native press. As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist, the colonial government began debating
measures of stringent control. Name the Act passed by the British government to keep regular track of the vernacular
newspapers.

a) The Vernacular Press Act

b) The Vernacular Act

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c) The Vernacular Newspaper Act

d) The Vernacular Publishing Act

19. Which of the following is not a factor of production?

a) Enterprise

b) Land

c) Capital

d) Raw materials
20. Read the information given below and select the correct option

Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?

a) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of Store of Value

b) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of credit arrangements

c) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of Barter exchange

d) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment

Section B
21. How have industrialization and urbanization aggravated water scarcity in India?
22. Why there is a need to supervise the banking system by RBI?
23. What led to the ethnic tension in Belgium? Why was it more acute in Brussels?

OR

Describe the power sharing arrangement made by Belgium?

24. Explain the functions of the Reserve Bank of India.
Section C
25. What is the criterion to classify an economic activity as tertiary sector activity? Explain.

OR

Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

26. "Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of government of India." Elucidate.
27. Suggest the steps to improve the social status of women in Indian society.
28. "Democratic government is a legitimate government." Explain.
29. "For development, people look at a mix of goals". Support the statement with three suitable examples.
Section D
30. Classify resources on the basis of status of development into four groups. Explain the main feature of all the four
groups. 

OR

What are resources? Explain factors for resource development in India.

31. "The First World War created the favourable conditions for the development of industries in India". Support the
statement with suitable examples.

OR

"The establishment of political power by the East India Company resulted in the ruination of the Indian weavers."
Support the statement with suitable examples.

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32. "The impact of globalisation has not been uniform." Demonstrate with the help of illustrations.

OR

How would flexibility in labour laws help Multinational Companies?

33. Explain the role of regional political parties in Indian politics.

OR

Define the Political Party. Describe any four main challenges faced by the Indian political parties.
Section E
34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled
schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections
were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that
entering the council was one way of gaining some power–something that usually only Brahmans had access to. The
effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops
picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value
dropping from Rs. 102 crore to Rs. 57 crores. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or
finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only
Indian ones, the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
i. What role did the Justice Party play in boycotting council elections?
ii. How were the effects of non-cooperation on the economic front dramatic?
iii. Explain the effect of the Boycott movement on the foreign textile trade.
35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

For centuries, silk and spices from China flowed into Europe through the silk route. In the eleventh century, Chinese
paper reached Europe via the same route. Paper made possible the production of manuscripts, carefully written by
scribes. Then, in 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China.

China already had the technology of woodblock printing. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him. Now
Italians began producing books with woodblocks, and soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe. Luxury
editions were still handwritten on very expensive vellum, meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic libraries which
scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities. Merchants and students in the university towns bought the cheaper printed
copies.

The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books. Copying was an
expensive, laborious and time-consuming business. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be
carried around or read easily. Their circulation, therefore, remained limited. With the growing demand for books,
woodblock printing gradually became more and more popular.
i. Despite the introduction of print-culture, why were luxurious edition still handwritten?
ii. Describe any two drawbacks of handwritten manuscripts in comparison to printed material.
iii. What was Marco Polo’s contribution to print culture?
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. Foreign tourist’s arrivals in the country witnessed
an increase of 11.8 percent during the year 2010 as against the year 2009, contributing ₹ 64,889 crore of foreign
exchange in 2010. 5.78 million foreign tourists visited India in 2010. More than 15 million people are directly engaged
in the tourism industry.

Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the
development of an international understanding of our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage
tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

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There is a vast potential for the development of tourism in all parts of the country. Efforts are being made to promote
different types of tourism for this upcoming industry.
i. What is the contribution of Tourism in the Balance of Payments?
ii. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. With respect to this enlist reasons for
which foreign tourists visit India.
iii. How the industries of service sector are benefitted by tourism?
Section F
37. a. Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names
on the lines drawn near them.
A.  The place where Indian National Congress session was held in 1927
B.  The place associated with Calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement
b. On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable Symbols. (any three)
i. Tuticorin - Major Sea Port
ii.  Bengaluru - Software Technology Park
iii. Vijaynagar - Iron and Steel industry
iv. Kakrapara- Nuclear Power Plant
v.  Chattrapati Shivaji International Airport

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Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 11 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (b) Europe

Explanation: Belgium is a small country in Europe.

2. (a) Nationalist Congress Party

Explanation: Formed in 1999, Nationalist Congress Party is a member of the United Progressive Alliance Since 2004.
3. (a) Quit India Movement

Explanation: This procession of women in Bombay pertains to Quit India Movement. The participation of women in the
Quit India Movement of 1942 was significant from several aspects. The women of India, at large, were endowed with a
new spirit on the call of Mahatma’s ‘do or die’.
4. (b) iv, iii, ii, i

Explanation: iv. The Non Corporation Movement and the Khilafat Movement launched, Jan 1921

iii. Chauri Chaura Incident, Feb 1922

ii. Ambedkar established Depressed Class Association, 1930

i. The Second Round Table Conference, Dec  1931

5. (b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

Explanation: (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

6. (d) decentralisation

Explanation: When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to Local government, it is
called decentralisation. The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues
which are best settled at the local level.
7. (d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

Explanation: (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

8. (c) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

Explanation: (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

9. (a) Unclassed forest

Explanation: Unclassed forest: These are forests and wastelands belongs to government, private individuals,
communities
10. (d) Statistics,Planning and Programme Implementation

Explanation: Since 1972, the NSSO has fallen under the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation of the
Government of India (GOI). It is the largest organisation in India conducting regular socio-economic surveys. It was
established in 1950.
11. (b) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

Explanation: (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: The power of a large country is divided between constituent states and the national government. The
central government is more powerful than the state.
13. (a) Union Jack

Explanation: A new ‘British nation’ was forged through the propagation of a dominant English culture. The symbols of
the new Britain - the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), the English language
- were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners in this union.

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14. (a) Middle East

Explanation: Middle East

15. (d) 12.61

Explanation: 18.11 - 5.5 = 12.61

16. (d) Option (iii)

Explanation: Informal source of credit

17. (d) Natural environmental conditions

Explanation: Natural environmental conditions

18. (a) The Vernacular Press Act

Explanation: In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, modelled on the Irish Press Laws. It provided the
government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press.
19. (d) Raw materials

Explanation: Raw material is not a factor of production because factors of production include land
labour,entrepreneurship and capital.
20. (d) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment

Explanation: As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed to issue currency. Moreover, the law
legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling transactions in India. No individual
in India can legally refuse a payment made in rupees.
Section B
21. Industrialization and urbanization have aggravated water scarcity in India in the following ways:
a. Large industrial houses are exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources.
b. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them.
c. Multiplying urban centres with large and dense population and urban lifestyles have not only added to water and
energy requirement but further aggravated the problem. Water resources are being over-exploited.
d. Beside industrialisation, factors like continuous urbanization, the rising number of cities as well as shrinking average
household size, followed by skyrocketing household numbers, pose an important challenge for water supply and
wastewater collection and treatment. 
22. Reserve bank of India supervises the Banking system due to the following reasons:
i. The RBI monitors that the banks maintain a minimum cash balance to facilitate the peoples.
ii. RBI ensures that the banks give loan not just to the profit making businessmen and traders but also to small
cultivators, small scale industries and small borrowers.
iii. Banks have to provide all  the information to the RBI on how much they are lending, to whom, at what interest rates
etc.
23. The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. So the Dutch-speaking community, who got
the benefit of economic development and education much later showed the resentment between the Dutch-speaking and
the French-speaking communities during the 1950s and the 1960s. The conflict between the two communities was more
severe in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.

OR

The main elements of the Belgium model of power-sharing include:

i. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central
Government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no
single community can make decisions unilaterally.
ii. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country. 
iii. The Belgium model introduced a new concept of the third kind of government, i,e. the communist government. This
government is elected by the people belonging to one language community.

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24. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of banks as follows:
i. Issue of Notes: It has the sole right to issue currency notes of various denominations except one rupee note.
ii. Banker to the Government: The second important function of the Reserve Bank is to act as the banker, agent and
adviser to the Government of India and states.
iii. Banker’s Bank: The Reserve Bank performs the same functions for the other commercial banks as the other banks
ordinarily perform for their customers.
Section C
25. A. The tertiary activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
B. These activities do not produce anything but they provide an aid or support for the process of production.
C. Transport and communication are the examples of tertiary sectors.

OR

Open Unemployment Disguised unemployment

Disguised unemployment refers to the situation in which people
Open employment refers to the situation in
work at a place where there is no more people are required. The
which an individual has no job and unable to
situation in which people are apparently working but all of them are
earn his livelihood.
made to work less than their potential.
This unemployment is clearly visible. Open
unemployment is the unemployment which is This unemployment is hidden. Under this, the worker is working,
visible and seen that some people who want to but if he is removed, the production does not fall.
work but do not have the work.
People's unemployment won't affect the production of goods and
People's unemployment will affect the
services because here already more than the requirement of people
production of goods and services in an economy.
are working so if they leave that's not a big deal.
Open unemployment exists among the educated
Disguised unemployment is mostly found in Primary sectors
unemployed. Generally, this type of
because of the unavailability of work for them.
unemployment can be seen in urban areas.
26. i. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965.
ii. However, many non-Hindi speaking states demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamilnadu, the
movement took a violent turn.
iii. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.
Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elite.
iv. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of Government of India.
v. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on states where people speak a different
language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri
Lanka finds itself in.
27. In order to improve the social status of women in Indian society, the following steps need to be taken:
a. The attitude of joint authority and duty should be confirmed between males and females at home, at place of work
and in the wide-ranging domestic and worldwide communities.
b. The National Commission for Women should be strengthened so that it may take initiative in combating injustice
against women rather than acting only after a complaint has been registered with it.
c. The laws regarding the minimum age for marriage should be strictly enforced.
d. By giving them the opportunity to do different jobs in different fields and by empowering females academically.

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e. The Training-cum-Employment Programme for women should be launched to strengthen and develop skills and
employment opportunities for women.
f. The Indira Mahila Yojna should be geared up towards women’s Self Employment.
g. Besides, a number of welfare schemes have already been undertaken to provide access to women in education, skill
development, employment, fulfilment of special necessities, gender sensitisation etc.
28. Yes, democratic government is a legitimate government because in legitimate government law and action of the
government are revealed to the people and there is transparency in functioning of government. Following features of a
democratic government make it a legitimate government.
i. There is a rule of law as laws are applicable to all the citizen whether rich or poor.
ii. In a democracy, there is political equality i.e. one person one vote one value.
iii. People have the right to challenge the policies and actions of the government. If the people are not satisfied with the
working of the government they have the right to change it.
29. It is true that for development, people look at a mix of goals. Income is not only an important factor leading to
the country's development. The other factors like freedom, respect, peace, harmony are as important as income. We can
understand this with the following example.
i. If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. So in this case other than
the income from the job, dignity is an important goal.
ii. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and greater
acceptance of women working outside.
iii. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. These are goals
other than income. Hence, the development goal is not only for better income but for other important things in life
like an increase in human value. 
Section D
30. On the basis of the status of development, the resources can be divided into the following:
a. Potential resources 
b. Developed resources 
c. Stock
d. Reserves
The main features of Potential Resources:
a. These are the resources that are found in a region but have not been utilized.
b. For example, Rajasthan and Gujarat have the potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far, they
have not been developed on a large scale.
The main features of Developed Resources:
a. These are the resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been ascertained for utilization.
b. The development of these resources depends upon the availability of technology and level of feasibility.
The main features of Stock:
a. These resources have the potential to satisfy human wants and needs but appropriate technology is not available to
develop these resources e.g. water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
b.  Hydrogen can be used as a rich source of energy. However, India does not have the technical know-how to develop
these resources.
The main features of Reserves:
a. Reserves are known concentrations of (usually) minerals which are currently available for extraction, with the
technological ability to obtain them economically, and there is a legal entitlement to exploit them. 
b. Reserves are part of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’.
c. But their use has not been started eg. water in rivers, dams, forests are reserves, which can be used. Rivers are used
for generating hydro-electric power but in a very small way.

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OR

Resources are objects in the environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally
acceptable, and fulfil the basic needs of man.

The factors responsible for resource development in India are as follows:

a. The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region or state.
b. The history of colonisation reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attraction for foreign invaders. It was
primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit
resources of other regions and establish supremacy over the colonies.
c. Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technology and
institutional changes.
d. Resource development also involves the quality of human resources. Knowledge gained by people plays an important
role in resource development.
e. India has vast natural resources. After independence, concerted efforts were made through Five Year Plans for the
overall development of the economy.
31. The First World War created favourable conditions for the development of industries in India in the following ways:
i. British mills became busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. and Manchester imports into India
declined.
ii. Suddenly Indian factories had a vast home market to supply goods.
iii. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs, jute bags, cloth for army uniforms,
tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddlers and many other items.
iv. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was
made to work longer hours.
v. Over the war years, industrial production boomed. Manchester was unable to capture its old position in the Indian
market after the war. Cotton production collapsed and the export of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically.
vi. Local industrialists in India consolidated their position, substituting foreign goods and capturing the home market.

OR

After gaining power, the British East India Company asserted a monopoly right to trade. It developed a system that
would eliminate competition, control cost and ensure regular supply of cotton and silk goods. These measures ultimately
led to the ruination of Indian weavers.

The measures adopted were as follows:

i. The company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with cloth trade and established direct
control over the weavers. It appointed a paid servant called Gomastha to supervise the weavers, collect supplies and
examine the quality of cloth.
ii. To have direct control over the weavers, the company started the system of advances. Once an order was placed, the
weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those, who took loans had to hand over
the cloth they produced to the Gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader.
iii. The price that the weavers received was low, but they were left with no choice but to sell their goods to the British
because the loans tied them to the British.

This was a situation of helplessness and desperation that made them to revolt against the British. They quit their
profession and migrated to other places.
32. i. Globalisation has no doubt benefited the well to do consumers and also the rich and wealthy producers, but many
small producers and workers have suffered as a result of the rising competition.  The small producers are finding it
very difficult to compete with global players.  Also the benefits of globalisation has not been able to reach the people
living in rural areas as most of the MNCs cater to the urban market where they can make huge profits.

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ii. Removal of trade barriers and liberalisation policies of the governments to facilitate globalisation have hit the local
producers and manufacturers hard.  The small /local producers could not match to the large scale investment and
production of the MNCs and had to shut down their businesses. Globalisation is mainly beneficial to‘large capitalists,
industries and large companies. Consequently, it increases the concentration of economic power and leads to
inequalities.
iii. Globalisation and the pressure of competition have substantially changed the labour laws. Faced with
growing competition, most employers these days prefer to employ workers 'flexibl'. This means that workers' jobs are
no longer secure.  Globalisation has some negative impacts on employment and real wages. Due to ushering in of
new technologies, output increases, but employment opportunities are not much, especially in rural areas, where over
60% of the population lives.

OR

i. In the absence of strict laws most of the companies employ workers on temporary basis so that they do not have to
pay workers for the whole year.
ii. Workers also have to put in very long working hours and work night shifts on a regular basis during the peak seasons.
iii. Wages are low and workers are forced to work overtime to make both ends meet.
iv. To earn huge profits employers try to cut the labour cost by different ways.
v. Flexibility in labour laws have helped the companies to increase their income granted by not paying reasonable
wages and other benefits such as provident fund insurance etc.
33. Apart from the national parties, most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission of
India as ‘state parties.' These are also referred to as regional parties. The following points explain the role of regional
political parties in Indian politics
i. These parties need not always be regional in their ideology. Parties like All India Trinamool Congress, Rashtriya
Janata Dal, Samajwadi Party, Samata Party, have a national level political organisation with units present in several
states.

Some parties like Mizo National Front and Biju Janata Dal, are conscious about their state identity.
ii. Since 1996, there has been no national party that was able to secure on its own a majority in Indian Lok Sabha. The
national parties have been compelled to form an alliance with the state parties to come to power. Thus, this has
helped in the increase in the number and strength of the regional parties. This, in turn, has contributed to the
federalism and democracy in our country being further strengthened.
iii. This situation is applicable to state politics as well. If a party is unable to win the required number of seats in
the Legislative Assembly, a coalition among a number of regional and/or national parties is the only option.
iv. If a regional party has a stronghold in the centre, the region from which the party hails will automatically get a solid
platform and again this could be detrimental to the conditions in the other states.
v. Regional parties play a vital role in Indian politics and their influence is important in the Central Government
planning process and decisions, apart from their significance in particular region or state. In the 16th Lok Sabha
election, Bharatiya Janata Party got an absolute majority which made the end of the era of Coalition Government in
centre. This emphatic victory has re-opened the question of [alliance amongst regional parties in our country.

OR

A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. 

The various challenges faced by political parties are:

i. Lack of Internal democracy: Every member of the party does not have a chance to take part in the decision-making
process. There is no proper organisation or registration of members.
ii. Dynastic Succession: With power in the hands of a few top leaders, all party positions go to their family members.
These members may not be qualified or have the ability to hold their positions.

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iii. Money and Muscle Power: Parties choose those candidates who can raise money for the party and win elections
with their money. Sometimes parties also support criminals candidates who can win elections.
iv. Lack of meaningful choice to the voters: There has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in
most parts of the world. Even leaders keep changing parties, thus confusing the voter.
Section E
34. i. Justice party (the party of non-Brahmans), wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to
gain some power that usually only Brahmans had access to.
ii. Merchants refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
iii. As the boycott movement spread, the people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones,
the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
35. i. Luxury editions were handwritten on very expensive vellum, meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic
libraries which scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities.
ii. Two drawbacks of handwritten manuscripts in comparison to printed material were:
a. Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business.
b. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around or read easily.
iii. Marco Polo’s contribution to print culture was as:
a. In 1295, Marco Polo returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China.
b. He brought the knowledge of woodblock printing with him.
36. i. Tourism contributed to Rs 64,889 crore of foreign exchange in 2010.
ii. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical
tourism and business tourism.
iii. i. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry
ii. It promotes national integration.
iii. It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. (Any one relevant point)
Section F
37. a. A. Madras
B. Chauri Chaura
b.  

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