RESEARCH WORK IN

ARCHITECTURAL INTERIORS 312

BSAR 3E BSAR-3E {GROUP J}
AURE, JIBAN L.
CASTILLO, ANGEL ANNE
{GROUP J}
AURE, JIBAN L.
CASTILLO, ANGEL ANNE

MODERN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

INSTRUCTOR:
AR. LANCER T. GARCIA UAP
Modern design is an interior design style characterized by a monochromatic color palette, clean lines, minimalism, natural materials,
and natural light. It refers specifically to a historical aesthetic movement that took place during the early to mid-twentieth century.

Interior Design History and Origins

The practice of interior design harkens back to the Ancient Egyptians, who decorated their naive mud homes with basic furnishings enhanced by
animal skins, simple textiles, graphic biographical and spiritual murals, sculptures, and painted urns.

With the profession of interior design clocking in at just over 100 years old, we’re looking at the roots of interior design history and the seven
legendary decorators who made a name for themselves as the industry started gaining momentum in the early 1900’s. From the Ancient
Egyptians to the dawn of modern interior design, here’s everything you need to know.

It may seem a bit elementary, but let’s start

with the basics of interior design services.
Interior design is defined as the art and science
of enhancing the interior of a space in order to
create a polished and more aesthetically
pleasing environment. An interior designer is
someone trained to execute plans, research,
coordinate, and manage decorative projects
with authority. The profession of interior design
is varied and includes space planning,
conceptual development, site inspections,
programming, research, communicating with
the clients, project and construction
management, and of course the execution of
the desired design.
Before the profession rose to prominence, interior design came in instinctively to strictly coordinate with the architecture of buildings. The
profession of interior design came with the rise of middle-class society and the complicated architecture that rose to popularity during the
industrial revolution. The quest to make the best use of space, along with the attention to user well-being and functional design continues to
push the development and life-enhancing possibilities of today’s iteration on the interior design profession. That said, the profession of interior
design is distinctly separate from the work of an interior decorator, a moniker more commonly used across the US. The term interior decorator is
less commonly used in the UK where the profession of interior design remains unregulated and sadly, not yet considered an official profession to
this day.

As far back as ancient India, architects used to double as interior designers to fully develop their complete vision. This can be noted from the
references of architect Vishwakarma – one of the gods featured in Indian mythology. Those references feature sculptures illustrating ancient
texts and events seen in palaces constructed in 17th-century India.

Throughout ancient Egypt, “soul houses” or models of houses were gifted in tombs as vessels for food offerings. From these evocative trinkets,
it’s possible to decipher cues about the interior design of various residences throughout several Egyptian dynasties, including updates to
ventilation, porticoes, columns, loggias, windows, and doors.
art deco interior design themes
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries and into the first part of the 19th century, interior decorating was an exclusive concern relegated to the
homemaker, or a professional upholsterer or craftsman who could securely advise based on their artistic eye for a home’s interior design.
Incidentally, architects would also turn to craftsmen and artisans to create interior design for their buildings.

The practice of interior design harkens back to the Ancient Egyptians, who decorated their naive mud homes with basic furnishings enhanced by
animal skins, simple textiles, graphic biographical and spiritual murals, sculptures, and painted urns. Ornate gold ornaments found in Egyptian
tombs (such as King Tutankhamen’s) and trinkets highlighted the need for more distinctively rich decoration to symbolize the more wealthier and
powerful Egyptians.

Roman and Greek civilizations advanced the Egyptian art of interior designing and accessorizing by celebrating civic pride through their invention
of domed-roof public buildings. For their homes, elaborate Greek wooden furniture featured intricate ivory and silver decoration while the
Romans concentrated on marrying beauty and comfort, with both civilizations home interiors designed to reflect wealth and social and political
status. Roman furniture was often made of stone, marble, wood, or bronze, and was made comfortable via cushions and expressive tapestries. To
elevate their homes, both Romans and Greeks brought in vases and created mesmerizing mosaic floors, and wall paintings and frescoes to make
their spaces unique to them.

Following this period of decorative ornamentation, there

was a sudden movement to exactness due to the grim
ongoing wars throughout Medieval Europe and the rise of
the Christian church. Coined The Dark Ages for good reason,
interior design history of the era featured somber wood paneling,
minimal and solely practical furnishings, and stone-slab
flooring. Even wealthier patrons of the era stuck to muted,
sobering colors when adding decorative extras like tapestries
and stonework.

After The Dark Ages, Europeans were once again inspired to

introduce color and decorative ornamentation into their homes.
During the 12th century, darkly romantic Gothic style was
created to make the best use of natural light and freshly popular open interiors.
interior design history breakdown
Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, the French Renaissance started a renewed focus on art and creativity in interior design. Architects of the
time began creating homes with substantial decorative notes including marble floors, ornate inlaid woodwork, paintings, and furniture made with
the finest materials. A quick look at the eras royal palaces, villas, and chapels is certain to highlight the best of Renaissance interior design.

Following the Renaissance, intricate and complex Italian Baroque designs took a hold over Europe. The Palace of Versailles in France for instance
made remarkable use of Baroque interior design elements like colored marble and stone, stained glass, ornately painted ceilings, and spiraling
columns. By the 18th century, European interior designers made Rococo style increasingly popular while taking influence from Asian stoneware,
floral prints, and furniture inlaid with exotic details like ivory and mother-of-pearl. Then came the Neoclassical look of the late 18th century, a
distant take on the celebrated design elements found in ancient Rome with its use of brilliantly colored silk, satin, and velvet.

From the early 1800’s and on, more freedom and eclecticism was often found in interior design in Europe and America. And over the next two
centuries, a slew of innovative and modern interior design movements would come and go out of style as the times changed including Art Deco,
Art Nouveau, Victorian, and industrial Bauhaus style. The 19th century saw, however, the ultimate in appreciation and the popularization of
interior design. No longer exclusive to royal compounds and homes of wealthy citizens, the possibilities of life-enhancing interior design began to
reach critical masses in the later part of the 1800’s.

interior decorators history

And by the 20th century, functionality became a key component in the approach to interior design as the growing presence of home appliances
such as stoves, washing machines, and televisions prompted a new challenge for interior designers, who had to design spaces with more than
aesthetic reasons in mind.

And as the 20th century turned, novice designers and numerous publications were increasingly working to defeat the hold that large upscale
retail outlets had on the world of interior design. Before that, feminist English author Mary Haweis produced a series of popular essays in the
1880’s where she ridiculed the excitement of an aspiring class of bourgeoise people looking to furnish their homes hastily around the strict yet
bland confines offered to them by dictating retail outlets. Her response was that people should seize the opportunity in creating a particular take
on a design style uniquely tailored to address their needs and lifestyles. “One of my strongest convictions, and one of the first canons of good
taste, is that our houses, like the fish’s shell and the bird’s nest, ought to represent our individual taste and habits,” she wrote.

The slow transition towards the decorative arts being seen as an individual artistic profession aside from the salesman’s wisdom offered by
manufacturers and retailers was boosted in 1899 with the launch of the Institute of British Decorators; with John Dibblee Crace acting as its
president. The institute represented over 200 interior designers around the nation. And by 1915 the London Directory saw an increased listing of
127 individuals working as professional interior decorators, of which only 10 were women. Rhoda and Agnes Garrett were the first recorded
women to be coached professionally as home designers in 1874. The importance of their design work was considered at the time to be parallel
with the legendary interior maestro William Morris. In 1876, their guide – Suggestions for House Decoration in Painting, Woodwork and Furniture
– further cemented their authority and spread their takes on artistic interior design approaches to a design hungry middle-class.

traditional dining room interior design

“Until recently when a man wanted to furnish he would visit all the dealers and select piece by piece of furniture ….Today he sends for a dealer in
art furnishings and fittings who surveys all the rooms in the house and he brings his artistic mind to bear on the subject,” as The Illustrated
Carpenter and Builder wrote in 1900.
Back in America, Candace Wheeler, considered one of the first female interior designers, encouraged a completely new take on American interior
design. She was a key figure in developing the first interior design courses for women in a number of major American hubs and was celebrated as
the definitive authority on home décor at the time. Another prominent influence on the newly categorized profession of décor was The
Decoration of Houses, a widely read and consulted guide on interior design written by Edith Wharton and master architect Ogden Codman in
1897 stateside. In the popular book, the authors deemed Victorian-style interior décor and interior design irrelevant. No longer viable were the
cold, dark, and moody homes decorated with heavy furnishings, Victorian accessories and tufted, overstuffed seating. They considered the design
style having put too much importance on upholstered furnishings instead of sensible space planning and architectural details, making rooms
dreary, uncomfortable, untouchable and therefor all too precious. Their book is still regarded as a seminal moment and their success propelled
the rise of professional interior designers adopting similar stances.

As you can see, the world of interior design has come a remarkable way since the Ancient Egyptians as designers today have unlimited access to
an endless amount of design movements, furniture styles, and influences from the past. But it’s really the seven interior designers we’re focusing
on here that truly changed the way we approach interior design for the better.

INTERIOR DESIGN HISTORY TIMELINE:

Stone Age 6000 to 2000 BC

The first sign of an approach to interior design was noted in prehistoric dwellings featuring flora and fauna. Those dwellings were made of mud,
animal skins, and sticks.

Neolithic Europe 2000 to 1700 BC

In comes the first defined handmade pottery that was used for both practical and decorative reasons.

Ancient Egypt 2700

The rise of royal families saw for the first time people living in structures besides mud huts. The new structures boasted murals that portrayed
their history and beliefs. And they had basic furnishings and decorative objects like vases and sculptures – seen for the first time.
Greek Empire 1200 to 31 BC

Advancements in civilization and lifestyles saw citizens decorating their homes in their own unique style for the first time ever with wealthier
Greeks possessing furnishings inlaid with ornate ivory and silver details. Iconic and statement-making pillars and columns were key motifs during
this era and the Greeks also created standard rules and procedures for building construction.

Roman Empire 753 BC to 480 AD

An austere age when royals weren’t able to evoke their wealth simply through their homes. The Romans decorated their homes with murals and
mosaics, and furnishings featured clawed feet.

The Dark Ages 900 to 1500

The Dark Ages saw disinterest in interior design with people opting for simple paneled wood walls, minimal furnishings, and stone slab floors.

The Byzantine Empire 500 to 1500

During this period grande domes and decadent décor took center stage.

The Renaissance Period 1400 to 1600

The beauty of interior design was a major feature during the Renaissance period with grand furnishings and art realized in vibrant hues and
luxurious textiles like silk and velvet along with marble surfaces. And since carpets were too precious and expensive for even the wealthiest of
patrons, they were used as wall art when possible.

Gothic 1140 to 1400

In response to the dark ages, decorative ornamentation and bold colors were once again prominent interior design features. Two hallmarks of the
era carried over through to today are more windows for brighter homes along with open floor plans.

Baroque 1590 to 1725

Ostentatious and ultra-rich artistic elements made for a recipe of sumptuous interior designs featuring stained glass, twisted columns, colored
marble, painted ceilings, and gilt mirrors and oversized chandeliers.

Traditional 1700 to Today

Traditional style bedroom decorating ideas
Embodied by a formal spirit, traditional interior design is still a mainstay to this day. Traditional interior design is a broad term that highlighting
varied design styles and movement’s that aren’t nailed down to one locked direction or spirit.

Traditional design celebrates the illustrious, rich history of the past by contrasting it with decidedly modern elements for an elegant spin on
beautiful design while highlighting 18th and 19th-century European decor. It’s a timeless design style that evokes easy glamor and comfort and is
a great direction for those who appreciate antiques, classic art, symmetry, and design rich with history.
Rococo 1700

A hyper elegant and lavishly detailed design style taking cues from botanical silhouettes, Rococo interior design featured unique elements like
tortoise shell and pearl embellishments alongside Asian porcelain.

The Industrial Revolution 1760 to 1820

industrial style home design

Throughout the Industrial Revolution interior design was available for a wider audience and was easier to access for the general population than
ever before. This is in large part due to easier printing processes creating a wide distribution of fashion and lifestyle publications and the fact that
luxury items became increasingly attainable.
Neoclassical Style 1780 to 1880

Taking inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman cultures for architectural details and motifs, this era saw furnishings rely heavily on the use of
bronze and gold metals, and soft furnishings featuring silk, velvet, and satin. The trend of matching wallpaper and furnishings also took hold.

Tropical 1880’s to Today

As the British empire swept through countries like India and territories like the West Indies, they combined interior design elements from their
home country and the regions they were occupying to create a heady mix of the traditional and the extoic.

Aesthetic Movement 1800’s to Today

With ‘art for art’s sake’ in mind, the Aesthetic Movement was a way for radicals to express their dislike of current, tired interior design. The key
here was in practicality and function taking importance before beauty.

Tuscan 1840’s to Today

Taking a cue from the charming and calming nature of Tuscany in Italy, the focus of interior design during this period was of straightforward
simplicity with hints of luxury for good measure.

Arts & Crafts 1860 to 1910

In order to highlight their opposition to mass-produced ordinary items due to the innovations of the Industrial Revolution, people turned to
traditional crafts and classic elements to produce furnishings.

Rustic 1870’s to Today

rustic decor textiles
Rustic interior design features handmade furnishings and large, open rooms boasting wooden beams and columns.

Rustic decor provides the perfect combination of comforting, fuss-free design and practical, functional decor, put together to create a warm
rustic interior. Natural materials work as the foundation and starting point for creating enviable rustic home decor celebrating the authentic
beauty of natural materials to create a cozy, beautiful space.

Modernism 1880 – 1940

The modernist movement stressed simplicity, clarity of form, and rejected noise in design. Some of the movement’s leading figures in include
Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Eero Saarinen, whose signatures seen in his forever popular Saarinen table and Saarinen chair are the
epitome of the design style.

Art Nouveau 1890 to 1920

The enthusiasm behind the Art Nouveau movement was in bringing in natural silhouettes derived by botanical elements that lent the era its
signature curved lines and organic shapes.

Colonial Revival 1905 to Today

Popular in the U.S and spurred by the centennial, the Colonial Revival found inspiration from the Neoclassical and Georgian historical styles. By
far the most popular style of the time up til WWII, some believe that the launch of the automobile helped to spark people’s interest in historical
references as they were able to freely visit documented landmarks.

Eclectic 1900’s to Today

eclectic interior design
Some historians point to the rise of needing interior designers who understood how to mix different design styles with authority for the sharp
increase of designers in the industry as eclectic style took over aesthetic inspiration.

Eclectic style is all about harmony and the coming together of disparate styles, juxtaposing textures, and contrasting colors to create a cohesive,
beautifully realized room that wouldn’t be out of place in a home décor magazine as this is one design style that takes verve and a great eye. And
since eclectic interior design is all about experimentation and play, do have fun with the freedom it allows.

Modern 1918 to 1950

With a focus on sparse interiors and bold primary colors, Modern interior design eschewed the typically ornate and over decorated design
aesthetic trending at the time.

Bauhaus 1920 – 1934

Celebrated to this day for its grand yet minimal and beautifully executed gestures, and founded by German architect Walter Bauhaus, who also
created the Bauhaus school of art and design in Weimar Germany, the movement quickly produced some of the most influential architects,
sculptors, graphic designers, furniture makers, and design mavericks of the mid to late 20th century.

Country 1920 to 1970

beautiful modern country design ideas
With notes lifted from traditional farmhouse settings, country style was practical but with quality, vintage inspired furnishings.

Today’s take on the modern country style of interior design is an idyllic classic. Stepping away from a purely traditional country design style;
modern country allows for more playful and nuanced aspects along with minimal notes.
Art Deco 1920’s to 1960

art deco interior design materials

This movement features an intoxicating blend of early 20th century design styles including Constructivism, Cubism, Modernism, Bauhaus, Art
Nouveau, and Futurism. One of the most well-known interior design styles, Art Deco represented modernity, everyday glamor, and elegance. The
era relied heavily on clean lines, fuss-free angular shapes, bold color, and stylized patterns like zig-zags and optical figures. For added glamor,
ornate embellishments and metallic surfaces were also hallmarks of the era.

Materials used in art deco interior design are slick and reflective for everyday glamor in the home. Plenty of metallics are present in this style;
from gold to silver, stainless steel, and chrome. They lend any room an elegant and luxurious feel, and they can be used everywhere. Imagine a
modern art deco living room with a glass topped gold coffee table, chrome lamps, and a bold geometric patterned rug in black, gold, and white.
Glass is also a frequently used material in art deco design; whether that’s through mirrors, glass-topped tables, sculptural elements or an art deco
vase or lamp, as glass adds to the elegant feel of an art deco room.
Mediterranean 1920’s to Today

To evoke the feel of coastal European countries, textures from terra cotta, stone, and patterned tiles were heavily featured along with wrought
iron, and aquatic hues.

Surrealism 1925 to 1930

Surrealists like famous artists included Salvador Dali, André Breton, and Max Ernst used this avant-garde movement to free people from their
associations of what was normal and ultimately predictable in design, music, art, and even interior design.

Mid-Century Modern 1930’s to Today

mid century modern bedroom interior design
Though the term mid century modern wasn’t coined until the mid-80’s, and though no one really knows it’s true timeline, the era represents a
combination of post World War II practicality, 50’s era optimism, 60’s era earthiness, and 70’s era tones and textures neatly wrapped up in a
stylish ode to Scandinavian simplicity.

Call it a reaction to the decadence and gilt adorned stuffiness of interior design and architecture through to the 40’s if you will, as at the time of
its inception, mid century modern decor was a complete rebuttal and restart for the senses.

The vibe is fresh and poppy, retro-tinged, and completely alluring with its dedication to comfort and practicality wrapped up in beautiful design
that never goes out of style. Unlike other aesthetic movements, mid century modern decor is streamlined in design, as form follows function
while highlighting the materials used, rather than making them something they aren’t.

Scandinavian Modern 1930’s to Today

best scandinavian interior design tips
This movement highlights the virtues of beautiful designed, practical objects that are both easily affordable and accessible, which is why the
movement remains popular to this day.

Belonging to the school of modernism, Scandinavian interior design is a design movement characterized by a focus on functionalism and
simplicity. It also includes the use of natural materials, such as leather, wood, and hemp. Furthermore, a Scandinavian interior design is often
influenced by a connection to nature, which combines natural shapes, abstraction, and the use of natural elements.

Transitional 1950’s to Today

transitional mix interior design
With the invention of the television and its prominence throughout most homes across the U.S, the interior design of sets helped feed the masses
appetite for décor more than ever.

Transitional style refers to a mix of traditional and modern furnishings, fabrications, and decorative features that lend you more freedom when
looking to decorate your home with ease as there’s no end to the directions you can take the design style. In essence, transitional interior design
is the combination of various design styles brought together simultaneously to create a cohesive design in one room.

Postmodernism 1978 – Today

This movement born as a challenge to what people saw to be the generic blandness of the Modernist movement. One of its main figures was
Italian architect and designer Ettore Sottsass, with his signature playful shapes, abstract prints, and powerful color stories.
Contemporary 1980’s to Today

contemporary interior design

Contemporary interior design is classic yet thoroughly of the moment and timeless thanks to a light-handed, spare take on decorating to ensure it
will never feel dated.

While modern decor can feel cold, limiting, and overtly minimal, contemporary style is calming and serene, and is peppered with a focus on
architectural elements, decorative details, attention to bold scales, and a concise color palette to create a warm space with easy sophistication.

Simplicity, clean lines, plays on texture, and quiet drama are fundamental in achieving a perfectly balanced contemporary style home.

ELSIE DE WOLFE
elsie de wolfe interior design history
Heralded as “America’s first interior decorator,” Elsie de Wolfe’s life was as opulent as the rooms she decorated, as she’s pictured above in Elsa
Schiaparelli’s iconic gilded starburst haute couture coat. The legendary de Wolfe boasts a biography that’s equally wildly romantic and
adventurous. After being educated in Scotland and presented at the court of Queen Victoria, she returned to the U.S. and became an actress
where she shared a unique “Boston marriage” (a term for two single women living together from Henry James’s The Bostonians) with successful
literary agent and lover Elisabeth Marbury.

Her onstage style and costumes—couture garb from Paris—made her an influential tastemaker among spectators in her audience, leading her to
become known as the best-dressed woman in the world. Her first foray into interior design was a total eschewing of the dark and brooding
Victorian décor in the home she and Marbury shared. After she successfully restyled their residence by decluttering, simplifying, and minimizing
its heavily ornamented interior, she became the first interior decorator to be given a design commission.
That commission was to decorate New York City’s first elite social club for women, the famed Colony Club—boasting a slew of notable members
with surnames including the likes of Whitney, Morgan, Harriman, and Astor. De Wolfe soon became the most popular interior decorator of her
time, and in 1913, she published the first interior design book, “The House in Good Taste.”

She celebrated the unexpected by mixing animal prints with Chinoiserie, had an affinity for Regency and Chippendale styles as well as black-and-
white color schemes, and was a pioneer of representing the color beige in décor.

Her most notable projects include the homes of Condé Nast, the Fricks, and the Hewitts. Her anti-Victorian stance and brighter, airier, and less
complicated and more minimally minded, refined rooms remains popular to this day.

JEAN-MICHEL FRANK
jean michel frank interior design history
It should come as no surprise that artists routinely find inspiration from the world around them, and it’s easy to imagine the heady effect of
1930’s Paris on the most celebrated decorator and interior designer of the era, Jean-Michel Frank. Lucky for him, his projects were often centered
around placing Picassos and Braques throughout the spaces he decorated, and his crew of influential friends included everyone from Left-Bank
Parisian artists like Man Ray and socialites such as the Rockefellers.

Considered a minimalist with a rich bent, his layering of divine maximalism makes his work all the more intriguing and inspiring. As a furniture
designer, his silhouettes were pared down and subtle and finished with luxurious details. Think intricate mica screens, bronze doors, accessories
made of quartz, and the series of shagreen-covered furnishings and sheepskin club chairs he designed for fabled luxury goods maker Hermès.
White was a go-to signature shade of his, which he at the same time made look both spare and complex. Frank is also credited with designing one
of the most iconic minimalist pieces of furniture in history—the Parsons table—which he would frequently cover with the most luxurious of
finishes.
Along with a studied eye for great design and an instinct for the best of quality, Frank took in elements of daily life to make a space feel more
approachable, inviting, and realistic. Today his work continues to be celebrated in museums, his furnishings create record-breaking auctions, and
you can even buy reproductions of his most iconic pieces designed for Hermès.
SISTER PARISH

interior design history sister parish

Known for her shrewd take on indulgent taste, Sister Parish is credited with creating the American Country look, one of the most enduring design
styles of the last half-century. Born into privilege and pedigree, Parish’s American Country look was realized from her take on English Country,
albeit with more warmth, character, and a homespun and charming appeal.

She began her career as an untrained housewife who decorated her home with much fanfare. Having caught the eye of fellow high-society
housewives commissioning her to restyle their own homes, Hadley took note of the need for affordable design during the Great Depression and
billed herself as a “budget decorator” for those looking to refresh their homes during the challenging economic times of the era.

Her decorative style was a total rejection of her father’s collection of heavy, dark antiques as she leaned more towards feminine ticking stripes,
glazed chintz, quilts, hooked rugs, and informal overstuffed armchairs while incorporating elements from the past.
“Innovation is often the ability to reach into the past and bring back what is good, what is beautiful, what is useful, what is lasting.”

Her designs were romantic, warm, and elegant for clients such as Brooke Astor, yet she was known for her caustic, intimidating figure and
unforgiving assessments of her client’s spaces.

Parish’s design firm saw many influential designers make a name for themselves beside her including the legendary Albert Hadley, who she
worked alongside for some 30-plus years—their professional relationship is often thought to be one of the most successful collaborative
partnerships in the world of interiors to this day.

ALBERT HADLEY

interior design history albert hadley

Credited as the father of transitional interior design, celebrated for his masterful pairing of glamor and functionality, and often referred to as the
“the dean of American decorators,” Albert Hadley’s project portfolio boasted high society names like Rockefeller, Astor, Getty, and Mellon.
However, for Hadley, high-profile names never took place over brilliant design. “Names really are not the point,” he told New York magazine in
2004. “It’s what you can achieve for the simplest person. Glamour is part of it, but glamour is not the essence. Design is about discipline and
reality, not about fantasy beyond reality.”

Born in Tennessee, Hadley moved to New York City after serving in WWII where he studied and taught at Parson’s School of Design and became
known for his modern-minded décor style and his instinctual sense of balance and what worked together. He skillfully created heady mixes of
design styles with a mantra centered around the idea of “never less, never more.”

Looking for a partner of sorts with more technical talent rather than the instinct that defined her career, Sister Parish brought Hadley on her team
in 1962. Parish-Hadley Associates restyled the homes of America’s elite families for decades and is best known for redecorating the living quarters
of the Kennedy White House, as well as the Kennedy family’s private homes. After Parish’s passing Hadley continued to work well past his mid-
80’s on projects that incorporated an interesting mix of design styles unlike any other designer of his generation.

DOROTHY DRAPER
interior design history dorothy draper
Long heralded as the Coco Chanel of the decorating world, Dorthy Draper’s designs were fearlessly vibrant, sumptuous, joyful, and full of
personality. The rooms she designed had either a restrained color palette of classic black and white, while others highlighted oversized graphic
patterns and her punchy Technicolor combinations of pinks and greens, turquoise, and citrus hues. A cousin of Sister parish, Draper was the first
documented commercial interior decorator, having established the first official interior design firm, Architectural Clearing House, in 1923.

“Almost everyone believes that there is something deep and mysterious about [interior decoration] or that you have to know all sorts of
complicated details about periods before you can lift a finger. Well, you don’t. Decorating is just sheer fun: a delight in color, an awareness of
balance, a feeling for lighting, a sense of style, a zest for life, and an amused enjoyment of the smart accessories of the moment,” she wrote in
her 1939 book Decorating Is Fun!

Named the most influential tastemaker in America in 1960, Draper lent her legendary signature “modern Baroque” style to several iconic
buildings including the dining hall at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Fairmont and Mark Hopkins hotels in San Francisco, and, most
impressively, a complete overhaul of the Greenbrier Hotel in West Virginia – which still looks au currant 70-plus years later.
DAVID HICKS

david hicks interior design history

Originally a freelance advertising illustrator in London, David Hicks decorating career took off after a magazine covered the game-changing
makeover he did on his parent’s home.

Hicks broke the mold and went against traditionally stuffy and pretentious English decorating practices and went on to become a master of
unexpected yet cohesive mixes. His eclectic interiors often featured a distinct juxtaposition of riotous colors, patterns, fabrications, and design
styles that were alluring and impressive feats.

A design world darling by the 1960’s, his most notable projects included rooms for Prince Charles and Princess Anne and a sparkling nightclub on
an ocean liner and yacht for King Fahd of Saudi Arabia. In the 1970’s, Hicks began producing signature wallpaper, fabrics, and linens for his design
boutiques spread across eight countries.

BILLY BALDWIN

billy baldwin interior designer

Though he was celebrated for his comprehensive approach to interior design, Billy Baldwin detested the term “interior designer,” opting to be
referred to as a “decorator,” his preferred title. He believed a rooms good bones to be a top tenet along with quality and comfort being key.

“I’ve always believed that architecture is more important than decoration. Scale and proportion give everlasting satisfaction that cannot be
achieved by only icing the cake,” he famously said.

His interiors were crisp and flawless, and unlike his contemporaries, he worked with client’s existing furnishings and repurposed them with an
instinctual drive. From a remarkable refresh of Cole Porter’s Waldorf Towers apartment to Jackie O’s Skorpios compound, to Diana Vreeland’s
richly layered red Park Avenue living room, meticulous attention to scale and proportion were a driving force for Baldwin. A master of practical
decoration punctuated with bold hues, prints, and well-judged curation, a survey of Baldwin’s work demonstrates how relevant his work remains
to this day.

What are the characteristics of modern style?

Modern home design emphasizes clean lines and geometric shapes. No more are features such as arches, ornate columns, window shutters, or
any outlandish ornamentation. In place of these features that at one point spoke of luxury and wealth are simple shapes and intentional
asymmetry. The opulence of the past is no more.

Architecture is an art, and as such, it changes with the times. You’ve likely become more aware of the assortment of design nuances in your own
neighborhood as you drive down the street now that you’re in the market for a custom home yourself. And, as you begin to pay attention, it
becomes easier to see the differences between houses that were built in different decades. The styles and finishes have been influenced by
changes in local demographics, advances in technology in both construction methods and materials, as well as societal trends in both form and
expression. Some of these changes are subtle while others dramatic, and, added up together, it defines a true evolution in home design.

Contemporary design, or what we’ll refer to here as “modern design” is simply what is popular today. Sure, it’s hard to put a pin in what the style
of 2022 is in any sort of categorical certainty, as the trends in design and art are continuously changing, but we can certainly highlight a few of the
characteristics.

As you read through these examples, keep in mind that you don’t need to go all the way with modern design. You can simply draw on elements
that you enjoy and work with our team of designers to learn how they might be incorporated into the home of your dreams.

Clean Geometry
Decluttering seems to be the word of the year. Be it Netflix shows about tidying your home by removing items that don’t spark joy or the
metamorphosis of the lounge-like, mid-century offices into the open workspaces of today featuring nothing but desks and laptops, the world has
fully embraced simplicity. When it comes to home design, we see the exact same thing.

Modern home design emphasizes clean lines and geometric shapes. No more are features such as arches, ornate columns, window shutters, or
any outlandish ornamentation. In place of these features that at one point spoke of luxury and wealth are simple shapes and intentional
asymmetry. The opulence of the past is no more.

Modern design also favors strong horizontal and vertical elements, creating a sense of hierarchy while somehow both standing out in stark
contrast and blending in with the natural surroundings of the landscaping and neighborhood. Ultimately, the aim of modern design is to simplify
the home, emphasize function, and remove any unnecessary frills. With the constant distraction and bombardment of technology and stress in
our modern lives, simplicity is a calming and welcoming moment in our homes.

Strong horizontal and vertical elements bring balance and create a sense of hierarchy in the Charleston Modern elevation.

Celebration of Natural Light

One of our favorite features of modern design is the inclusion of large, unadorned windows. Working in tandem with the simplicity of the building
design, installing large windows of various sizes and shapes removes the spotlight from artwork or busy wallpaper and sets the focus of a room
on the natural surroundings of your home. The natural sunlight will fill your home with glow and warmth, leaving you and your family happier
and more excited to take on the day than a darker room might.

As a design element, accompanying large feature windows with smaller windows throughout the facade of the home can create a sense of
intentional asymmetry, matching many of the structural elements that you may enjoy in this style of construction. These large windows may be
wrapped in an accent trim or flashing for a dramatic effect, further spotlighting just how open your home design is, but will rarely be burdened
with blinds or curtains.
 The Cottage wood Modern elevation includes a unique feature window that brings lots of natural light into the great room.

Open Floor Concept

Perhaps the defining characteristic of modern interior design is the open concept floor plan. Removing the walls that once separated the common
rooms of the home further emphasizes the trends of simplicity, natural light, and openness. While bedrooms are still a private retreat, the
modern home is built for families to be together while those large windows shroud the entire home in sunlight. In these open concepts the family
can feel together even while the kids are playing by the television, dinner is being prepared over the stove, and emails are being sent from the
dining table. These bright open interiors are incorporated into myriad Schumacher Homes floor plans and are discussed in far more.

Natural Materials
Contemporary design leans towards natural materials to make a statement that often reflects the exterior features of a Craftsman style home.
The blend of modern lines and shapes with materials like wood, stone, or exposed concrete makes a bold statement, keeping your home rooted
to the past, but clearly bounding towards the future. We especially love designing homes that use a variety of materials blended together for a
completely unique, but unified aesthetic.

Neutral Color Palette

Beyond the use of natural materials, the color palette is similarly simple and uses textures and natural tones to draw focus to unique architectural
elements. Through using the natural, untreated colors of concrete or stone along with muted paint tones like grey or white, contemporary homes
can come off as rather calming or serene. The idyllic modern home doesn’t shout at passersby with loud colors, but instead our modern design
homes make a humble statement using unique architectural elements such as angles, large windows, or a blend of materials.

Natural tones evoke a sense of calm and help this Olivia Modern elevation blend in with its surroundings.

Smart and Healthy Home Features

While smart home and healthy home features can be incorporated in any home design, they are commonly a characteristic of modern design,
showcasing what's new and trendy in this modern era. Smart home technology provides security, comfort, convenience and energy efficiency by
allowing owners to control their smart devices through an app or even set devices to control themselves. Homeowners have the ability to
monitor and control heat and air conditioning units, to turn lights on or off, start the appliances, visually monitor their home and notify
authorities, if needed.

When it comes to modern, contemporary design, the world is your oyster, but the key is to remember that less is always more. Simplicity, natural
materials, textures and colors all combine to create a unique style ideally suited to today’s lifestyle.

What is the impact of interior design?

Good interior design evokes happiness and soothes the soul. It can inspire confidence, empathy, pride, creativity, security and energy. “Creating a
meaningful space that fulfills the needs of the inhabitant and optimizes their space is one of our key roles as designers and is essential to our
society,” Bradley says.
How Modern Interior Design is Changing the Way We Live?

Modern kitchen interior

Modern Interior Design is defined as a synthesis of art, architecture, design, lifestyle and culture.

Modern Interior Design is mostly concerned with the relationship between interior design and the physical world. The designer wants to bring out
the beauty of nature into their designs through different natural materials such as wood, stone and metals.

The designer also pays more attention to detail than they used to in previous years. This means that one must pay attention to lighting, texture,
color and scale – all factors that contribute to creating a sense of place.

A growing trend in Modern Interior Design is minimalism which focuses on stripping down anything unnecessary and sticking only with what’s
essential for creating a sense of place.
 Living room modern interior design

What is Modern Interior Design and Why Should You Care about It?

Modern interior design is an aesthetic which emphasises simplicity, functionality and comfort. The most common modern interior design themes
like Minimalism, Scandanavia and Japanese Design often focus on objects such as furniture, light fixtures, and rugs.

Modern Interior Design is defined as the overall design of a room or entire spaces that can be characterized through an emphasis on simplicity.
This is why it’s important to know the basics about Modern Interior Design in order to create a more beneficial space for yourself.

It might be easier for you to implement some of these different techniques with the use of modern interior design apps like IKEA’s 3D Rooms app
or online services such as Houzz.
 Modernism in Interior Design. How has it Changed the Way We Live?

Modernism is a style of art and architecture that is most often associated with the 20th century. It has been characterized by a rejection of
traditional styles in favor of new forms, materials, and ideas. The concept has been applied to many other aspects of life such as interior design,
fashion, music, politics and social life.

The evolution from the historic to the futuristic in interior design has been so fast that it can seem bewildering at times. We have seen all manner
of trends from the minimalist minimalism to the minimalism with a twist. The sleek European-inspired aesthetics have been replaced by warmer
Middle Eastern-inspired designs in recent years.

The most striking aspect about modernist designs is that they are meant to be functional but also visually stimulating.

Modern interior design is based on the idea that form follows function. As a result, the design is no longer about emotions or aesthetics but
rather about functionality.

The use of modernism combined with the rise of technology has change.

Examples of Modern Interior Architectural style

In the 1940s and ’50s, midcentury-modern design, with its clean lines, warm woods, and bold upholstery hues (often in woolly, menswear-
inspired textures), changed the way homes looked. Suddenly, less was more, and decorating a home was about finding a design where form
served function—a philosophy that continues to inspire designers to this day. From Mies van der Rohe’s Barcelona chairs to Charles and Ray
Eames’s designs for Herman Miller, countless modernist furnishings have cropped up in the pages of AD through the years. Here, we take you
inside a Beverly Hills mansion, a New York City duplex, a Paris apartment, and other homes that display the height of modernist design.
In a Beverly Hills house devised by architecture firm Marmol Radziner with interior design by Boehm Design Assoc., the great room is
furnished with midcentury-modern staples like Mies van der Rohe’s Barcelona chairs and ottoman by Knoll.
 The living room in a glass-walled penthouse of a New York City duplex renovated by Steven Harris Architects and decorated by Rees
Roberts + Partners features a vintage Milo Baughman chair in the foreground.

In the library of a Boston residence renovated by architect Dell Mitchell and decorated by Thad Hayes, André Dubreuil lanterns top the
mantel; the ceiling fixtures are 1960s Seguso, and the Edward Wormley sofas are covered in a Larsen fabric.

Inside Serena William’s New Home With A Trophy Room & Art Gallery
The living room of the 1960s Beverly Hills home of designer Waldo Fernandez is furnished with a pair of vintage Jacques Adnet club chairs
and a rosewood chiffonier by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, which is surmounted by a Lucio Fontana canvas.

In the New York City loft of architect Steven Harris and interior designer Lucien Rees Roberts, monumental bookshelves delineate the
living and dining areas, which feature a 1960 Georges Braque print (at left) and Ib Kofod-Larsen chairs at the Rees Roberts + Partners
dining table.
The living room of film and TV producer Brian Grazer’s modern, Santa Monica, California, mansion, with interior design by Waldo
Fernandez, features triangular chairs by Rick Owens and a painting by Richard Prince.

MOST POPULAR
By Stefanie Waldek
An Aspen, Colorado, home designed by Shelton, Mindel & Assoc. features midcentury furniture including the Joseph Paul D’Urso chairs by
Knoll.

Photo: Richard Powers

8/18
In architect Charles Zana’s midcentury home just outside of Paris, a sterling silver Takashi Murakami sculpture stands between the two
sections of the living room, and the stainless-steel chaise longue is by Christophe Pillet.
 Photo: Laura Resen
9/18
A vintage dining table and chairs by Hans J. Wegner and a circa-1963 Arteluce pendant light furnish the dining room of a Bridgehampton,
New York, house devised by the architecture firm Deborah Berke Partners, with interior designer Thomas O’Brien of Aero Studios.
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CLEVER

How Millennials Killed the Guest Room

 Photo: Pieter Estersohn
10/18
Barstools by Charles and Ray Eames for Herman Miller and a Pierre Jeanneret Scissor chair for Knoll are installed in the breakfast room of
architect Lee Ledbetter’s New Orleans home.
 Photo: Pieter Estersohn
11/18
In the Chicago home of furnishings mogul Holly Hunt, two Matisse pochoirs are displayed in the kitchen near a table by Christian
Astuguevieille and chairs by Holly Hunt Studio.
Related:
What Is Your Design Personality?
Great Design: Home Decor Ideas and Inspiration for Every Style
In the living room of Guido Palau's New York City home, a Danish-modern armchair and ottoman from Wyeth rest in front of the fireplace,
which is surmounted by a Tommi Parzinger mirror.
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\
 At an Aspen home by designer Shawn Henderson and architect Scott Lindenau, the living room's club chairs, Jean Royère-inspired sofa,
cocktail table, and carpet were all custom designed by Shawn Henderson. The vintage Hans Wegner spindle-back chair is from Wyeth.

A George Condo painting makes a splash in the Stockholm flat of Giovanna Battaglia-Engelbert, a fashion editor at W and Japanese Vogue,
and Oscar Engelbert, a real-estate developer. A Freeform wall light by Jean Royère undulates above the living room's George Nakashima
sideboard, and a Vladimir Kagan sofa curves around the Pierre Chapo low table.

Designer Waldo Fernandez and architect Michael Kovac collaborated on the renovation of Jamie McCourt's 1980 John Lautner beach
house in Malibu, California. The living room is outfitted with Charlotte Perriand cocktail tables, Oscar Niemeyer ottomans, and a matching
vintage Jean Royère sofa and club chair; the pair of sculptures at left is by Isa Genzken.
MOST POPULAR
At a Manhattan home designed by Tony Ingrao and Randy Kemper, the living room features Maria Pergay sconces and Philippe Hiquily side
tables, all vintage pieces from Galerie Yves Gastou, as well as a 1920s French lacquer cocktail table, a Jean-Michel Frank-style sectional
sofa by Jonas, and a circa-1950 Edward Wormley slipper chair from Duane Modern. The tabletop sculpture at far left is by Martin Megna.
 A Richard Pousette-Dart painting surveys the living room of a Bridgehampton, New York, residence created by the architecture, interiors,
and landscape firm Sawyer|Berson and furnished by LRS Designs. Next to the fireplace is a pair of 1950s Nino Zoncada armchairs from Van
den Akker clad in a Pollack fabric, while Duane Modern club chairs upholstered in a Romo fabric face a custom-made cocktail table by
Antony Todd Home. The colorful glass sculpture displayed near the window is by Monica Guggisberg and Philip Baldwin.
 In the library of a Manhattan townhouse, 1950s Pierre Jeanneret chairs with cushions covered in a Pierre Frey velvet are paired with an
Oscar Niemeyer chaise longue. The '50s floor lamp is Italian, and the rug is by ABC Carpet & Home; the large painting is by Aaron Young,
and a photograph by Roman Signer is displayed above a marble mantel original to the house.

Examples of Modern Coffee shop Interior Architectural style

Don’t get confused with the interior designs after
searching on many sites. First, always decide a theme
for your cafe and decorate the rest of the place with the
similar and complementing decors. Here we are
providing the best cafe interior design ideas, so check
out these too. From Modern Cafe Interior Designs to
farmhouse interior, you’ll find all the incredible themes
here.
Here is some overview of Farzi cafe Aerocity.
Take a look at these fourteen wonderful cafeteria
design concepts before planning out the interiors:

Industrial Look

As you can see, this cafe as an aesthetic appeal to it, and people just love to hang out at these cafes. It has a beautiful combination of industrial elements with
modern ones, which makes this place more attractive. This cafe has a roof that is open at the center and covered with glass, so you’ll have a beautiful sky view
while having your drink.

Farmhouse Vibe
 Farmhouse or countryside themes are also popular these days. It has all the natural elements with a twist such as milk crates as shelves and plank wood
furniture.

Modern Interior

The modern designs follow a principle; in this design style, every piece is a functional unit, and they are straightforward and practical. Interior design includes
crisp lines and smooth surfaces. Like, this cafe has a blend of comfortable and sophisticated design elements with pastel colors. Its interior has clean lines that
are beautifully balanced out by bold and vivid accessories.

Mid-Century
Mid-century style is all about the exploration of the new materials infusion with the traditional ones. This style also focuses on functionality over form, as we
see in modern interior designs. Do use contrasting materials such as plastic, vinyl, plexiglass, and plywood. Don’t forget to create clean lines with organic
geometric shapes to create an outstanding space.

Beautiful And Bold

Don’t be afraid to involve bold designs in your interior. Maybe this will become the central attraction spot in your cafe. Select bold colors such as bright
orange, red, and vibrant blue and implement them with geometric shapes and patterns. Place irregularly shaped chairs to make your place fun and exciting.

Gorgeous Roof Designs

Want to make your cafe attractive and eye-catching? Then focus on the fifth wall, that is the roof. We always forget about this wall, but the amazingly designed
roof will definitely catch the eye of the customer. Take the above image as a reference and create your dream cafe with a stunning roof to make it stand out
among all the other cafes around the city.

Vintage Vibe

Vintage interior designs inspired this cafe. In vintage style, a variety of styles from past decades are mixed together. It has a romantic and charming feel, which
makes you feel lost. You’ll see the excess use of mahogany wood with antique decors in the interior cafe designs.
 Hygge Style

‘Hygge’ is a Danish word that literally means joy and presence. This style also insists on comfort and warmth. You should keep your place clutter-free and also
include some cozy elements such as candles and twinkling string lights.

Rough Rustic

As this cafe has, the rustic style has all the organic and natural materials. You’ll feel like you’re in the woods when you enter this cafe. Include some beautiful
plants and flowers with raw wood furniture to make the place cozier.
 Pink As An Accent Color

These days, the PINK color is prevalent. So, transform the cafe’s interior in various shades of this beautiful color. You don’t necessarily have to paint the entire
walls in pink color, just use it as an accent color. Pink chairs and fun quotes with neon pink LED lights will definitely look mesmerizing. You would have seen
many pink-themed cafes around the world. From pastel pinks to millennial pink, you can select any shade of pink with black and white color as a base to
accentuate it.