Rizal Technological University

research no. 3
 Katando, De Leon, BACINA, Quinto,
Ashley Jossel P. Riley B. Faith H. Jemar B.
Background

Medieval means "of the Middle Ages" from the two Latin
words, medius and aevum, meaning “middle” and “age.”

Started in 476 CE and ended in 1450 CE

Also known as the "Dark Ages"

Most Europeans experienced poverty, a famine, plague,

and superstition.

Medieval style is a fusion of different architectural styles

from European countries.
3 developed architectural styles
PRE-ROMANESQUE STYLE 500 - 1000 a.d.

Pre-Romanesque architecture covers early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages. The Germanic tribes
adopted Christianity, and absorbed Roman civilization during this time. Architecture transitioned from timber to
stone structures. The standard for the lower classes' home were simple one room structures built with sticks,
wattle, and thatched roof. Reeds or thrushes would have covered the dirt floor. While, only the rich could
afford bricks or a tiled roof.

ROMANESQUE STYLE 1000 – 1250 A.D

Romanesque style is the fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions.
The main characteristics of Romanesque interior design are its use of bold geometric shapes; its use of warm
colors such as red, yellow, and blue; and its focus on simple forms with minimal ornamentation. Its furniture is
typically made of wood, with decorative carvings and painted or gilded in vibrant colors.

GOTHIC STYLE 1250 – 1450 A.D.

The Gothic style originated in France and was called "Gothic" because it demonstrated a lack of imagination
common among barbarian tribes such as the Goths. It began in England in the 12th century. It is characterized
by long pointed arches, flying exterior buttresses, stained-glass windows that were longer than before,
ribbed vaults, spires, gargoyles, and ornate decoration stone.
.
HAGIA SOPHIA ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Isidorus of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles are credited with designing the enormous Hagia
Sophia church in Constantinople. They worked for the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.
Hagia Sophia features the massive main dome, windows that give the canopy the
appearance that it is floating on air, and walls covered in gold mosaics.
.

COLOGNE CATHEDRA L COLOGNE, GERMANY

Stonemason Gerhard of Reil is one of the pioneering designers of gothic style during the
medieval period. One of his notable works is the renowned Cologne Cathedral, which is the
largest church in the world and the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe. He has a goal
to create a cathedral that would appear to be shaped like a Latin Cross. It took 300 years
for the Cologne Cathedral to be completed in 1880. In 1842, architects Ernst Friedrich
Zwirner and Richard Voigtel renovated the cathedral.
Jean de Chelles
Pierre de Montreuil
Pierre de Chelles

NOTRE-D AME DE PARIS PARIS, FRANCE

The first architect of the famous Notre Dame Cathedral is unknown.

The second cathedral master-mason was named Jean de Chelles.
Pierre de Montreuil took over construction after the death of Jean De Chelles. The
development of the Gothic architecture of Notre-Dame is credited to Montreiul, who is
known as the "master of built stone."
Pierre de Chelles took over the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris around 1296.
Other designers completed his work after his death, most notably Jean Ravy from 1318
until 1344 and later Jean Le Bouteiller.
Notre-Dame de Paris features a grand nave, elaborate rib vaults, and towering columns.

BASILICA OF SAINT-D ENISS PARIS, FRANCE

Suger was a French abbot, historian, and statesman. He was one of the earliest patrons of
gothic architecture and credited with popularizing it. He is renowned for his restoration
work at Saint-Denis Abbey, the earliest known example of Gothic architecture and provided
a model for ecclesiastical structures throughout the Middle Ages. His imaginative
implementation of his design concept for Saint-Denis resulted in a radically novel
architectural aesthetic that fused emerging Romanesque and Norman characteristics.
 Mahogany
Card Table
In the early middle ages, Europe descended into a period in which only the
most essential furniture used were chairs, tools, benches, and crude chests
when Roman Empire fall in the 4th and 5th centuries. Chintz Bedspread
and Hangings

Much of the older history of furniture must be reconstructed from current

writing, illuminated manuscripts, Romanesque and Gothic sculpture, and later Walnut
Armchair
inventory descriptions.

Turnery was utilized in the production of chairs, stools, and couches in French Dressing
Byzantium, and it appears that this method was known as far north as and Writing Table

Scandinavia.
Empire Style
In the later middle ages, throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, a variety of Sofa
new forms, including cupboards, boxes with compartments, and various
types of desks, arose slowly.
Baroque
Cabinet
Folding chairs and stools, trestle tables with removable tops, and
mattresses with collapsible frameworks were common.
 Religious homes were a rare condition in that they had a level of security that
the rest of the world did not have. Most of the best furniture of this period
was thus manufactured for use in churches and monasteries.
Horshoe
Armchair Early inventions for ecclesiastical use of various forms of reading and writing
furniture, such as lecterns and desks, demonstrate inventiveness in
construction.
Painted Oak
Cabinet Framed paneling was utilized in ancient times, as evidenced by Herculaneum;
its reappearance in the Burgundian Netherlands at the beginning of the 15th
century was an upgrade that quickly spread throughout Western Europe.
Cedar Chest
Other 15th-century constructional advancements included the incorporation
of drawers into cupboards and similar storage furniture, as well as neater
and more efficient joints such as the mitre and mortise, and tenon.
Bench

Many pieces of furniture, especially those with carved ornamentation, were

painted and sometimes gilded during the Middle Ages, a tradition that
Oak endured well into the Renaissance. Chairs, tables, and various types of
Cupboards
cupboards were usually wrapped in vibrant fabrics, and cushions were
provided for chairs, settles, and other seat furniture.
 Plaster was a common material used for interior finishes, especially in castles and churches. It was used
to create smooth surfaces on walls and ceilings, which could then be painted or decorated with frescoes.

Stone was commonly used for flooring, especially in castles and churches. It was also used for
walls, especially in the lower levels of buildings where it could provide strength and durability.

Wood was widely used for paneling, flooring, ceiling, and furniture. Different types of wood were
used depending on the social class of the owner and the intended use of the space.

Tapestries were a popular way to decorate walls and add insulation to rooms. They were
often made of wool and featured intricate designs and patterns.
 Leather was used for upholstery, especially in the furniture of the wealthy. It was also used for
wall hangings and other decorative items.

Metal was used for decorative features such as door handles, locks, and hinges. It was also
used for lighting fixtures, candle holders, and other metal elements are becoming a key
decorative motif for medieval interiors.

Paint was used to decorate walls and ceilings, often with intricate designs and patterns. Colors
were limited to natural pigments such as ochre, sienna, and charcoal.

OCHRE is a yellow or SIENNA is a reddish-brown CHARCOAL is a black pigment that is made

yellow-brown pigment that is
made from iron oxide. It was
used in Medieval times to
create warm, earthy tones
on walls and ceilings.
pigment that is also made from
iron oxide. It was often used in
combination with ochre to
create more complex colors,
such as warm shades of orange
and brown.
from burnt wood or bone. It was used to
create dark, dramatic effects in painting and
drawing. In Medieval times, charcoal was
often used in combination with other pigments
to create shades of gray or black, or to create
bold contrasts with lighter colors.
references
Cologne Tourism. (n.d). History of Cologne Cathedral. Retrieved from https://www.cologne-
tourism.com/see-experience/cologne-cathedral/history/
Friends of Notre Dame de Paris. (n.d.) The Architects. Retrieved from
https://www.friendsofnotredamedeparis.org/notre-dame-cathedral/architecture/the-architects/

“History of Architecture - Medieval Period.” MSB Architects. Accessed April 26, 2023.
https://www.msbarchitects.com/blog/history-architecture-medieval-period.
Luca, L. D. (2021). Basilica of Saint-Denis: The Cradle of Gothic Architecture. The collector. Retrieved
from https://www.thecollector.com/gothic-architecture-saint-denis-basilica/

MasterClass. (2021). Hagia Sophia Architecture Guide: A History of the Hagia Sophia. Retrieved from
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/hagia-sophia-architecture-guide

“Medieval Style in Interior Design.” Hackrea, January 16, 2022.

https://www.hackrea.com/stories/medieval-style-interior-design/.

“Middle Ages.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Accessed April 26, 2023.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/furniture/Middle-Ages.

Pollard, R. & Juliao, D. (2022). Characteristics, Construction and Design of the Hagia Sophia Dome.
Study.com. retrieved from https://study.com/learn/lesson/hagia-sophia-dome-characteristics-
design.html

Snell, Melissa. “Defining the Middle Ages.” ThoughtCo. ThoughtCo, February 18, 2021.
https://www.thoughtco.com/defining-the-middle-ages-part-6-1788883.

Unesco. (n.d.). Cologne Cathedral. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/292/