Deepfakes;

influence operations,
disinformation and inauthenticity
Disha Mittal
191098-01
 DeepFake
• The Term Deepfake is derived from Fake
Media and Deep learning
• It is a new advance in audio-visual
manipulation technology that generates
more realistic falsification of events and
actions of victims by replicating
expressions and also in creating
falsified media.
• Deep fakes can be a powerful tool in
these efforts because they can be used
to create convincing and seemingly
authentic content that is difficult
to debunk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDAToEnJEY8&ab_channel=
crookedpixel
How Deepfakes are
made and How
might be used ?
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/increasing_threats_of_deepfake_identities_0.pdf
 Example of Deepfake
• The fake Queen, played by actress Debra
Stephenson, will also be seen performing a
TikTok dance routine and revealing her
liking for “Netflix and Phil” with her husband
the Duke of Edinburgh.

• The broadcast will also appear to show

the Queen telling viewers: “On the BBC, I
haven’t always been able speak plainly and
from the heart. So, I am grateful to Channel
4 for giving me the opportunity to say
whatever I like, without anyone putting
words in my mouth.”

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/queen-deepfake-channel-4-christmas-message-b1778542.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0iczsVdRHI&ab_channel=HENRIETTE
OBAMA –PELE DEEPFAKE
• MR. Jordan Pele , an actor used Deepfake to
create a deepfake video of former president
MR. Barack Obama.
• The message was , "Don't believe on
everything what you see and read on Internet".
• Some of the Statement he bunked in
video were, "Black Panther’s villain Killmonger
was 'right' about his plan for world
domination", “Ben Carson is in the Sunken
Place” — a reference to one of the heartiest
memes from Peele’s Oscar-winning Get
Out screenplay , and "Trump is a 'dipshit.'"
Major Techniques FaceSwap
used to create
deepfake

LipSyncing

GAN
 Face Swap
• The adversary could use Encoder
or Deep Neural Network (DNN)
technology to create a face swap.
To learn the face swap model using
an autoencoder, preprocessed
samples of person A and person B
are mapped to the same
intermediate compressed latent
space using the same encoder
parameters.

https://www.alanzucconi.com/2018/03/14/understanding-the-technology-behind-deepfakes/
Lip Syncing
• Lip Syncing involves “mapping
voice recording from one or
multiple contexts to a video
recording in another, to make the
subject of the video appear to
say something authentic.”
• Lip synching technology allows
the user to make their target say
anything they want through the
use of recurrent neural networks
(RNN).
 POC , I tried using ,"First Order Motion
Model for Image Animation"
For training, They had employed a large collection of
video sequences containing objects of the same object
category.

Their model is trained to reconstruct the training videos

by combining a single frame and a learned latent
representation of the motion in the video.

At test time we apply our model to pairs composed of

the source image and of each frame of the driving
video and perform image animation of the source
object.

https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2019/file/31c0b36aef265d9221af80872ceb62f9-Paper.pdf
@InProceedings
{Siarohin_2019_NeurIPS,author={Siarohin, Aliaksandr and Lathuilière, Stéphane and Tulyakov, Sergey and Ricci, Elisa and Sebe, Nicu},title={First Order Motion
Model for Image Animation},booktitle = {Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},month = {December},year = {2019} }
GAN-Generative
Adversarial Network
• It is a combination of two machine Random Generator
learning algorithm to generate the Noise Network
synthetic content .
• First layer - Generator (creates fake Trained till
data) GN,
Discriminator Discriminator
• Second layer –Discriminator (trying not Real Image
Network get fooled or
to get fooled),given image X , predict
epoch count
label Y.
Network could be CNN or Fully
connected. Real Fake

Ian Goodfellow and other researchers at the University of Montreal, including Yoshua Bengio, in 2014
https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1742&context=honors-theses
Emerging Threats of
Deepfake Technology.
The Threat to induvial privacy , humankind is also
directly proportional to this growing technology
 "A people that no longer can believe anything cannot make up
its own mind. It is deprived not only of its capacity to act but also of
its capacity to think and to judge. And with such a people you can
then do what you please."

One of the high-profile examples of deep fakes being used in an influence operation is the 2018 US
midterm elections, when a number of deep fake videos were circulated on social media platforms.​

Deepfakes and the misuse of synthetic media pose a clear, current, and emerging threat to the public
across national security, law enforcement, financial, and societal domains. The major domains where
the threats are ,without consent pornography , influencing campaigns, political insecurities

Arendt H (1978) Hannah Arendt: From an Interview (interview with Roger Errera in 1974). The New York Review of Books. Benjamin R (2019) Race
after Technology : Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. MA: MedfordPolit
Influence operation
• From 2020 to 2021, social media
personas with GANs-generated images
criticized Belgium’s posture on 5G
restrictions, in an apparent effort to
support Chinese firms attempting to sell
5G infrastructure.
• In 2021, FireEye reported cyber actors
used GANs-generated images in social
media platforms to promote Lebanese
political parties.
 Non-consensual
pornography emerged as the fire in a
forest. It still represent majority of
synthetic content.
 INAUTHENCITY
• 2020 case , Kristen Bell , a famous TV and Movie star has been warned by her husband
that her pornographic video has been circulating on internet. After taking into
consideration it was found that someone had use her face and mapped it with a
someone else’s body making this video, without her consent.
• Same thing happened with Helen Mort, a well-known poet and writer from
South Yorkshire. She made a call for changes in law, because according to section 33 of
the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015, It is an offence to non-consensually distribute
a private sexual picture or content with intended cause of distress to that person, but
in her case, non-sexual pictures were merged with sexual content so it was not covered
in this section.
The current state of deepfake porn videos , Analysis
Total number of deepfake videos from only three porn websites are : 13987
There is a report from 2019 , by a company called DeepTrace, they analyzed in
their report the top ten porn website and found that there were 14,678 online
videos that were deepfake.
It also justify that "Deepfake pornography is a phenomenon that exclusively
targets and harms women".
Yearly-Breakdown of Deepfakes on basis
of Gender
• As It is clearly been seen
that only 1.4% of videos till
2023 are only of men that
has been made using
deepfake.
• The chart of 2019 is referred
from deeptrace report and
the data in chart of 2023 ,I
scrapped three popular
website and collected the
data.
2019 2023

https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/10/08/deepfake_report.pdf
Data from https://www.xnxx.com ,https://www.xvideos.com,https://hclips.com
 • There are Machine learning
algorithms that can be used to
Deepfake detect deepfake.
• Microsoft video authenticator

Detection • Wrapper up
• DeepStar
 Deepfake Detection
• Blurring evident in the face but not elsewhere in the image or video (or vice-versa)
• A change of skin tone near the edge of the face
• Double chins, double eyebrows, or double edges to the face
• Whether the face gets blurry when it is partially obscured by a hand or another object
• Lower-quality sections throughout the same video
• Box-like shapes and cropped effects around the mouth, eyes, and neck
• Blinking (or lack thereof), movements that are not natural
• Changes in the background and/or lighting
• Contextual clues – Is the background scene consistent with the foreground and subject?
 A Quick Exercise, Tell me if
this pictures is generated
using DEEPFAKE?

Morgan Freeman
Kanye west's "life of the party "
Do you ever want yourself seeing ,
facing this harm ?
How you and I can prevent being a victim of Deepfake?

• Reduce your Posts

• Be ANONYMOUS , Think before uploading any personal picture
or detail on social media platforms like Instagram or Facebook.
• If you think the information is fake or the content is fake , just
check authentic source.
• Keep Account Private
• Some of the features of social media allow us to decide with
whom we have to share the picture or video.
Thank You:)