Applications of M A T H E M A T I C A L STATISTICS

AKADEMIA LEONA KOŹMIŃSKIEGO

KOZMINSKI UNIVERSITY MOCK TEST

Task 1:
Which of the following is a continuous random variable?
I. number of expired products in the shop answer Points ( 1 )
II. annual number of LOTTO winners
III. GPA (Grade Point Average)

A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) II and III
E) none of the above

Task 2:
Consider the following distribution:
housing loans rates percent of banks answer Points ( 4 )
(%) (%)
10 – 14] 22
14 – 18 24
18 – 22 36
22 – 26 18

The average housing loan rate is:

A. 𝒙̅ = 15 %
B. 𝒙̅ = 16 %
C. 𝒙̅ = 18 %
̅ = 20 %
D. 𝒙
E. 𝒙̅ = 21 %

1
Task 3:
The number of scientific papers written by four KU lecturers during a year was:
1, 3, 5, 7
The standard deviation for this population is: answer Points ( 4 )
A) 3
B) 2,24
C) 2,58
D) 2
E) 1,7

Task 4:

For the variable 𝑿 – number of movies watched per week by the students,

what is the standard deviation ?

No of movies No of students answer Points ( 5 )

0-4 10
5-9 12
10 - 14 6
15 - 19 2
A) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟏, 𝟒 m.
B) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟐, 𝟒 m.
C) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟐, 𝟖 m.
D) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟑, 𝟒 m.
E) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟒, 𝟓 m.

Task 5:
Suppose we want to estimate the average salary in the company A.
We have a random sample of 3000 employees. We know that the sample mean salary is
6 000 PLN with sample standard deviation 1 000 PLN and Margin of Error is 250 PLN for
confidence level 0,9.

The 90% confidence interval for the average salary in the entire population is (unit: PLN) :

A) 6000 ± 1000
B) 60000 ± 0.9 answer Points ( 2 )
C) 6000 ± 90
D) 6000± 250
E) none of the above

2
Task 6:

The GLOBE Travel Research provides information on the one-night cost of hotel rooms
throughout the United States. Use 2$ as the desired margin error and knowing that the
sample mean price for one night is 22 $ estimate the mean price of the cost for entire
country. Your confidence interval is:

A) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟖, 𝟐𝟔) $
B) µ 𝝐 (𝟐𝟎, 𝟐𝟐) $
C) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟗, 𝟐𝟓) $
D) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟖, 𝟐𝟖) $
E) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟓, 𝟑𝟎) $

answer Points ( 2 )

Task 7:

Radar was used to check on random sample of 10 cars in rush-hour traffic on an expressway
and the following data set was obtained (miles per hour) :
50 60 48 60 56 55 60 56 50 45
The above data showed the sample mean value 54 m/h with standard deviation 5,3 m/h.
If you want to comment on statement: “on average, cars do not exceed the speed limit (55
miles/h) during the rush hours”, what would be your hypothesis to check ?

A) 𝑯𝟎 ∶ µ = 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
B) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ = 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
C) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ ≠ 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
D) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ > 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
E) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ < 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
answer Points ( 2 )

3
Task 8 :
Let us consider the sample data:
Age of ABC Company workers Number of workers
(years)

20 - 24 4

24 - 28 6

28 - 32 4

32 - 36 2

Assume age has normal distribution and the sample parameters are:
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟕 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 , 𝑺 = 𝟑, 𝟖 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬
If you want to check the claim that the mean age for all ABC Company workers is above 25
years, what is your test statistic value ?
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎
( 𝑼= √𝒏 , 𝒕= √𝒏 − 𝟏 , 𝑼= √𝒏 )
𝝈 𝑺 𝑺
A) 2,02
B) 2,05
C) 2,09
D) 2,18
E) 2,55

Task 9:
If you want to check whether the variable has normal distribution, but you have at your
disposal only 25 observations, you must use:
answer Points ( 1 )
A) test for one mean
B) Shapiro – Wilk test for normality
C) F - test
D) Chi-square test of independence
E) Chi-square test of normality

Task 10 :
If you want to check the hypothesis about two means for the 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , what kind of the
assumptions must be held in the case of both small samples:

A) 𝑿𝟏 must have normal distribution

B) 𝑿𝟐 must have normal distribution
answer Points ( 1 )
C) 𝝈𝟏 = 𝝈𝟐
D) homogeneity of variances
E) all of the above

4
Task 11:

Verifying the hypothesis which states that there is no difference between the average salary
of women and men the following results were obtained:
T-tests; Grouping: Gender _ Group 1: Woman _ Group 2: Man

Mean Mean Valid N Valid N Std.Dev. Std.Dev.

t-value df p
Variable Woman Man Woman Man Woman Man

Salary (PLN) 5999,489 4985,766 1,089420 180 0,277425 135 47 6345,598 906,3590

Let: µ𝒘 − average salary for women , µ𝒎 −average salary for men

Which hypothesis is true:

A) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 = µ𝒎
B) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 ≠ µ𝒎
C) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 > µ𝒎 answer Points ( 1 )
D) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 < µ𝒎
E) none of the above

E
Task 12:

For the interval estimation of the average sales of bicycles, what is RE ? (RE - relative error)

(k$) Confidence Confidence Standard

Valid N Mean Std. Dev.
Variable -95,000% 95,000% Error

Sales of bicycles 100 77,60004 66,58037 88,60563 55,66494 5,566494

A) 0,14 %
B) 1,4 %
C) 5,6 %
answer Points ( 2 )
D) 14 %
E) 24 %

5
Open questions:
Task 13:

The average stock price for Company X&Y is $30 and the standard deviation is 8$. Assume
the stock prices are normally distributed.

What is the probability a company will have a stock price of at least $40 ?

answer ………………………………………………..

Task 14:

KU – Kozminski University found that 10% of its students withdraw without completing the
mathematical statistics course. Assume 5 students registered for the course. Find the
expected number of withdrawals.

answer ………………………………………………..

Task 15:

The X_Y_Z Travel Research provides information on the one-night cost of hotel rooms
throughout Poland.

For 20 observations, the mean price of one-night cost was 150 PLN with standard deviation
40 PLN.

If you want to build 90% confidence interval of population mean cost of all hotel rooms in
Poland, what is the appropriate critical value:

answer ………………………………………………..

6
Task 16:

Twenty percent of automobiles are not covered by insurance. On a particular weekend, 7

automobiles are involved in a traffic accidents.

What is the probability that at most two of them have no insurance policy?

answer ………………………………………………..

Task 17:

In a given country over 25 year there were 3 train crashes per year with the dispersion 1
crash. Having the information that number of crashes is normally distributed, calculate the
probability that the number of crashes will not exceed two in the following year.

answer ………………………………………………..

Task 18:

We want to estimate the mean age of FINE College students. From previous information,
an estimate of the standard deviation of the ages of the students from FINE collage is 15
years. We want to be 95% confident that the sample mean age is within two years of the
population mean age. How many randomly selected FINE College students must be
surveyed to achieved the desired level of accuracy?

answer ………………………………………………..

7
 SOLUTIONS
Task 1:
Which of the following is a continuous random variable?
I. number of expired products in the shop
II. annual number of LOTTO winners
III. GPA (Grade Point Average)

A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
answer Points ( 1 )
D) II and III
E) none of the above
C

Task 2:
Consider the following distribution:
housing loans rates percent of banks
(%) (%)
10 – 14] 22
14 – 18 24
18 – 22 36
22 – 26 18

The average housing loan rate is:

A. 𝒙̅ = 15 %
answer Points ( 4 )
B. 𝒙̅ = 16 %
C. 𝒙̅ = 18 %
C
̅ = 20 %
D. 𝒙
E. 𝒙̅ = 21 %

housing loans percent of banks 𝒙̇ 𝒊 𝒙̇ 𝒊 ∙ 𝒏𝒊

rates (%) (%)
𝒙𝒊 𝒏𝒊
10 – 14] 22 12 264
14 – 18 24 16 384
18 – 22 36 20 720
22 – 26 18 24 432
Sum 100 1800

𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙= ∑ 𝒙̇ 𝒊 ∙ 𝒏𝒊 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖%
𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒊=𝟏

8
Task 3:
The number of scientific papers written by four KU lecturers during a year was:
1, 3, 5, 7
The standard deviation for this population is:
A) 3
B) 2,24
C) 2,58
answer Points ( 4 )
D) 2
E) 1,7
B

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟔
𝒙= ∑ 𝒙𝒊 = ( 𝟏 + 𝟑 + 𝟓 + 𝟕) = = 𝟒 𝒑𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔
𝒏 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝟏
𝑺 = √ ∑(𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙)𝟐 = √ [ (𝟏 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟑 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟓 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟕 − 𝟒)𝟐 ] =
𝒏 𝟒

𝟏 𝟏
= √ [ 𝟗 + 𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟗 ] = √ 𝟐𝟎 = √𝟓 ≈ 𝟐, 𝟐𝟒 𝒑𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔
𝟒 𝟒

Task 4:

For the variable 𝑿 – number of movies watched per week by the students,

what is the standard deviation ?

No of movies No of students
0-4 10
5-9 12
10 - 14 6
15 - 19 2
A) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟏, 𝟒 m.
B) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟐, 𝟒 m.
C) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟐, 𝟖 m. answer Points ( 5 )
D) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟑, 𝟒 m.
E) 𝑺 ≈ 𝟒, 𝟓 m. E

9
 𝒙 =𝟕
𝒙̇ 𝒊
No of No of 𝒙̇ 𝒊 ∙ 𝒏𝒊 𝒙̇ 𝒊 − 𝒙 (𝒙̇ 𝒊 − 𝒙 )𝟐 (𝒙̇ 𝒊 − 𝒙 )𝟐 𝒏𝒊
movies students

0-4 10 2 20 5 25 250
5-9 12 7 84 0 0 0
10 - 14 6 12 72 5 25 150
15 - 19 2 17 34 10 100 200
total 30 210 600

𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙= ∑ 𝒙̇ 𝒊 ∙ 𝒏𝒊 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 = 𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐬
𝒏 𝟑𝟎
𝒊=𝟏

𝒌
𝟏 𝟏
𝑺=√ ∑( 𝒙̇ 𝒊 − 𝒙 )𝟐 𝒏𝒊 = √ 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = √𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒, 𝟒𝟕𝟐 ≈ 𝟒, 𝟓 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐬
𝒏 𝟑𝟎
𝒊=𝟏

Task 5:
Suppose we want to estimate the average salary in the company A.
We have a random sample of 3000 employees. We know that the sample mean salary is
6 000 PLN with sample standard deviation 1 000 PLN and Margin of Error is 250 PLN for
confidence level 0,9.

The 90% confidence interval for the average salary in the entire population is (unit: PLN) :

A) 6000 ± 1000
B) 60000 ± 0.9 answer Points ( 2 )
C) 6000 ± 90
D) 6000± 250 D
E) none of the above

𝒙 = 𝟔 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑷𝑳𝑵 , 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑷𝑳𝑵 , 𝒅 = 𝑴𝑬 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝑷𝑳𝑵 , 𝟏 − 𝜶 = 𝟎, 𝟗

𝒂 = 𝒙 − 𝒅 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝒂 = 𝒙 + 𝒅 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓𝟎

10
Task 6:
The GLOBE Travel Research provides information on the one-night cost of hotel rooms
throughout the United States. Use 2$ as the desired margin error and knowing that the
sample mean price for one night is 22 $ estimate the mean price of the cost for entire
country. Your confidence interval is:
answer Points ( 2 )
A) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟖, 𝟐𝟔) $
B) µ 𝝐 (𝟐𝟎, 𝟐𝟒) $ B
C) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟗, 𝟐𝟓) $
D) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟖, 𝟐𝟖) $
E) µ 𝝐 (𝟏𝟓, 𝟑𝟎) $

𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐$ , 𝒅 = 𝟐$

𝒂 = 𝒙 − 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎

𝒂 = 𝒙 + 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒

Task 7:
Radar was used to check on random sample of 10 cars in rush-hour traffic on an expressway
and the following data set was obtained (miles per hour) :
50 60 48 60 56 55 60 56 50 45
The above data showed the sample mean value 54 m/h with standard deviation 5,3 m/h.
If you want to comment on statement: “on average, cars do not exceed the speed limit (55
miles/h) during the rush hours”, what would be your hypothesis to check ?

A) 𝑯𝟎 ∶ µ = 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
B) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ = 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉 answer Points ( 2 )
C) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ ≠ 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
E
D) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ > 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉
E) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ < 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒉

11
Task 8:
Let us consider the sample data:
Age of ABC Company workers Number of workers
(years)

20 - 24 4

24 - 28 6

28 - 32 4

32 - 36 2

Assume age has normal distribution and the sample parameters are:
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟕 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 , 𝑺 = 𝟑, 𝟖 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬
If you want to check the claim that the mean age for all ABC Company workers is above 25
years, what is your test statistic value ?
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎
( 𝑼= √𝒏 , 𝒕= √𝒏 − 𝟏 , 𝑼= √𝒏 )
𝝈 𝑺 𝑺

A) 2,02
B) 2,05
C) 2,09 answer Points ( 4 )
D) 2,18
E) 2,55 B

n=25 (small sample)

𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎
𝒕= √𝒏 − 𝟏
𝝈
𝟐𝟕 − 𝟐𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
𝒕= √𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏 = ∙ √𝟏𝟓 = ∙ 𝟑, 𝟖𝟕𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝟓𝟑 ∙ 𝟑, 𝟖𝟕 = 𝟐, 𝟎𝟓
𝟑, 𝟖 𝟑, 𝟖 𝟑, 𝟖

Task 9:
If you want to check whether the variable has normal distribution, but you have at your
disposal only 25 observations, you must use:

A) test for one mean

B) Shapiro – Wilk test for normality
C) F - test
answer Points ( 1 )
D) Chi-square test of independence
E) Chi-square test of normality
B

12
Task 10:
If you want to check the hypothesis about two means for the 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , what kind of the
assumptions must be held in the case of both small samples:
answer Points ( 1 )
A) 𝑿𝟏 must have normal distribution
E
B) 𝑿𝟐 must have normal distribution
C) 𝝈𝟏 = 𝝈𝟐
D) homogeneity of variances
E) all of the above

Task 11:

Verifying the hypothesis which states that there is no difference between the average salary
of women and men the following results were obtained:
T-tests; Grouping: Gender _ Group 1: Woman _ Group 2: Man

Mean Mean Valid N Valid N Std.Dev. Std.Dev.

t-value df p
Variable Woman Man Woman Man Woman Man

Salary (PLN) 5999,489 4985,766 1,089420 180 0,277425 135 47 6345,598 906,3590

Let: µ𝒘 − average salary for women , µ𝒎 −average salary for men

Which hypothesis is true:

A) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 = µ𝒎
B) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 ≠ µ𝒎
C) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 > µ𝒎 answer Points ( 1 )
D) 𝑯𝟏 ∶ µ𝒘 < µ𝒎
E) none of the above E

13
Task 12:

For the interval estimation of the average sales of bicycles, what is RE ? (RE - relative error)

(k$) Confidence Confidence Standard

Valid N Mean Std. Dev.
Variable -95,000% 95,000% Error

Sales of bicycles 100 77,60004 66,58037 88,60563 55,66494 5,566494

A) 0,14 %
B) 1,4 %
C) 5,6 % answer Points ( 2 )
D) 14 %
E) 24 % D

D
𝒃−𝒂
𝒅 = 𝑴𝑬 =
𝟐

𝒅
𝑹𝑬 = ∙ 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒙

𝒃 − 𝒂 𝟖𝟖, 𝟔 − 𝟔𝟔, 𝟔 𝟐𝟐
𝒅 = 𝑴𝑬 = = = = 𝟏𝟏 (𝒌$)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝒅 𝟏𝟏
𝑹𝑬 = ∙ 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = ∙ 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟒 ∙ 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟏𝟒 %
𝒙 𝟕𝟕, 𝟕

Open questions:
Task 13:

The average stock price for Company X&Y is $30 and the standard deviation is 8$. Assume
the stock prices are normally distributed.

What is the probability a company will have a stock price of at least $40 ?

𝑿 ∶ 𝑵 (𝟑𝟎 , 𝟖)

𝑿−𝝁 𝟒𝟎 − 𝝁 𝟒𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎
𝑷(𝑿 > 𝟒𝟎) = 𝑷 ( > ) = 𝑷 (𝑼 > )=
𝝈 𝝈 𝟖

14
 𝟏𝟎
= 𝑷 (𝑼 > ) = 𝑷(𝑼 > 𝟏, 𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑼 < 𝟏, 𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏 − 𝜱(𝟏, 𝟐𝟓) =
𝟖

𝟏 − 𝟎, 𝟖𝟗 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟏

answer ………………………0,11………………………..

Task 14:

KU – Kozminski University found that 10% of its students withdraw without completing the
mathematical statistics course. Assume 5 students registered for the course. Find the
expected number of withdrawals.

𝑿 ∶ 𝑩 ( 𝒏𝒑, √𝒏𝒑𝒒 )

µ = 𝑬𝑿 = 𝒏𝒑 = 𝟓 ∙ 𝟎, 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟓 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔

answer ……………………0,5…………………………..

Task 15:

The X_Y_Z Travel Research provides information on the one-night cost of hotel rooms
throughout Poland.

For 20 observations, the mean price of one-night cost was 150 PLN with standard deviation
40 PLN.

If you want to build 90% confidence interval of population mean cost of all hotel rooms in
Poland, what is the appropriate critical value:

𝟏 − 𝜶 = 𝟎, 𝟗
𝜶 = 𝟎, 𝟏
𝒅𝒇 = 𝟏𝟗
𝒕𝜶 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟑

answer ………………………1,73………………………..

15
Task 16:

Twenty percent of automobiles are not covered by insurance. On a particular weekend, 7

automobiles are involved in a traffic accidents.

What is the probability that at most two of them have no insurance policy?

𝑿 ∶ 𝑩 ( 𝒏𝒑, √𝒏𝒑𝒒 )

𝒏 =7

𝒑 = 𝟎, 𝟐

𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟐) = 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟎) + 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟏) + 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟐) = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟎, 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎, 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎, 𝟖𝟔

answer ………………………0,86………………………..

Task 17:

In a given country over 25 year there were 3 train crashes per year with the dispersion 1
crash. Having the information that number of crashes is normally distributed, calculate the
probability that the number of crashes will not exceed two in the following year.

𝑿 ∶ 𝑵 (𝟑 , 𝟏)

𝑿−𝝁 𝟐−𝟑
𝑷(𝑿 < 𝟐) = 𝑷 ( < ) = 𝑷(𝑼 < −𝟏) =
𝝈 𝟏

= 𝜱(−𝟏) = 𝟏 − 𝜱(𝟏) = 𝟏 − 𝟎, 𝟖𝟒 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟔

answer ………………………0,16………………………..

16
Task 18:

We want to estimate the mean age of FINE College students. From previous information,
an estimate of the standard deviation of the ages of the students from FINE collage is 15
years. We want to be 95% confident that the sample mean age is within two years of the
population mean age. How many randomly selected FINE College students must be
surveyed to achieved the desired level of accuracy?

𝝈 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 ⇒ Model 1

𝒅 = 𝑴𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔

𝟏 − 𝜶 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟓

𝜶 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟓

𝛂 𝟎, 𝟎𝟓
𝜱(𝒖𝜶 ) = 𝟏 − = 𝟏− = 𝟏 − 𝟎, 𝟎𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟕𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
𝒖𝜶 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟔

𝒖𝜶 𝟐 𝝈𝟐 (𝟏, 𝟗𝟔)𝟐 ∙ 𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝟑, 𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟔 ∙ 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟖𝟔𝟒, 𝟑𝟔

𝒏 = 𝟐
= 𝟐
= = = 𝟐𝟏𝟔, 𝟎𝟗 ≈ 𝟐𝟏𝟕
𝒅 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

answer ……………………217…………………………..

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