Student name

Date Score 17

6 Brackets and order of operations 1

d (9 − -3) × 4
Mathematics and Statistics in the
New Zealand Curriculum e 5 × (10 ÷ -2)
Number and Algebra: number strategies and f (5 × 10) ÷ -2
knowledge
2 Use brackets in the right places so that these
Level 4
expressions work out to -6:
• AO1 Use a range of strategies when operating on whole numbers a -4 + -8 ÷ 2 = -6
6.01 Brackets b 1 + −3 × 1 − -2 = -6

Brackets show that the part inside is worked out first.

Example
6.03 Order of operations when there are
(42 − 22) ÷ 4 = 20 ÷ 4
no brackets
=5 When there are no brackets in an expression,
multiplication and division are done before addition
1 Work out the value of these expressions: and subtraction.
• Work from left to right doing × and ÷ first.
a 10 + (3 × 2)
• Then work from left to right again, this time doing
b (16 − 3) + 5 + and −.
Examples
c (5 + 7) ÷ 3
1 6 + 2 × 10 = 6 + 20 = 26
d 16 − (4 + 1) × is done before +
e (24 ÷ 6) ÷ 2 2 10 − 5 + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
only has + and −, so work out from left to right.
f 24 ÷ (6 ÷ 2)
2 Insert brackets in the right places so that these 1 Evaluate these expressions:
expressions work out to 18: a 13 − 8 + 2
a 6 × 5 − 2 = 18 b 48 ÷ 12 × 2
b 20 − 8 − 6 = 18 c 11 − 1 + 6 − 10
c 36 ÷ 6 ÷ 3 = 18 -6
d − 8 + -2
3 Write these statements with brackets, using the
symbols +, −, × and ÷ as needed: 2 Use the rules for order of operations to evaluate these:
a 6×2+3
a Multiply the result of 3 plus 8 by 2.
b 14 − 10 ÷ 2

c 10 + 8 × 3
b Subtract 10 lots of 5 from 62.
d 8−3+5

e 12 + 8 ÷ 2
6.02 Integers in brackets
1 Work out the value of each of these expressions: f 4−1×2+3

a -1 + (-8 − 5)

b (-1 + -8) − 5

c 9 − (-3 × 4)

06-10.indd 17 1/8/09 4:00:18 PM

 18 6 Brackets and order of operations 1

3 Write a brief explanation × 3 32 − 13 + 6

about what this diagram ÷
shows you about order of 4 32 − (13 + 6)
operations. STOP — 5 17 − 5 × 3
6 (17 − 5) × 3
+
7 15 + (6 − 2) × 3
8 29 − (11 + 4) − 6
9 (6 + 6 × 6) − 6
PUZZLE My three neighbours
10 10 × (5 + 2 × 4)
Work out the occupation of each of my neighbours 11 A family of two adults and three children is going to
and how they travel to work from this information: travel overseas. The airfares are $800 each for adults
• Olivia is older than the neighbour who drives to and $500 each for children. Travel insurance for the
work, but younger than the teacher. whole family costs $100.
• Paula is younger than the neighbour who cycles
a Write down an expression (without using
to work.
brackets) for the total cost of travelling.
• Nga is older than the neighbour who walks to
work.
• The travel agent is the nurse’s daughter. b What is this cost?
1 Write down the names of my neighbours from
oldest to youngest.

2 Complete the following: 12 Each level of a car-
Nga is a . She to work. parking building has
Olivia is a . She to work. room for 29 cars and
11 motorbikes. There
Paula is a . She to work. are 8 levels altogether.
a Write down an
6.04 B-DM-AS expression (using
brackets) for the total number of vehicles (cars
The letters of ‘B-DM-AS’ summarise the rules for
and motorbikes) that can park in the building.
order of operations.
B deal with brackets first
D  do division and multiplication b What is this total number?

M 
befoore
A  addition and subtraction

S 
PUZZLE The four fours
Example
Evaluate 10 + (12 − 8) × 3. All the whole numbers 0=4 + 4 − 4 − 4
Do brackets first, then ×, then +. from 0 to 9 can be made 1=4 4 4 4
10 + (12 − 8) × 3 = 10 + 4 × 3 up using four fours. 2=4 4 4 4
Try to write each number 3=4 4 4 4
= 10 + 12
from 1 to 9 using four 4=4 4 4 4
= 22 fours (and no other 5=4 4 4 4
numbers). Use brackets 6=4 4 4 4
1-10 Use the order of operations rules to work out each of
and any of the four main 7=4 4 4 4
these:
operations of +, −, ×, 8=4 4 4 4
1 (8 + 1) × 7 and ÷. 9=4 4 4 4
2 12 − (9 + 1)

06-10.indd 18 1/8/09 4:00:20 PM

 10 3 Integers 1

3.02 Comparing integers 1 Add these integers:

a -1 + +6 b +2 + -3
-5 < -3 -5 is less than -3

+2 > -3 +2 is greater than -3
c -2 + -4 d -6 + +5
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
e -1 + -10 f +4 + -7
–5 < –3

1 Place a < or > symbol in each box to make a true g -13 + +9 h -35 + -14
statement:
a -6 -2 b +4 -1 i -20 + +28 j +23 + -15

-2 -3 -4
c 0 d
k +44 + -15 l -3 +0
2 Write these integers in order from smallest to largest:

{ -8, 0, +2, -10, +5, -3, +7, -12 } m 0 + -112 n -31 + -36

3 This bank printout shows the account balances for six o -17 + +24 p +49 + -63
companies that bank with Alphabank:

Company Balance 2 A machine constructs a tunnel 12 m below the sea
Space Adverts -$11 000 floor in which a pipe will be laid for a sewer outfall.
Biomechanics $0 The pipe goes 2500 m out to sea to a point where the
Gentech $18 000 water depth is 42 m.
XYZ Ltd -$4000 a Add the three
measurements
Rocketfuel $2000
-$9000
in suitable
Cloneparts
places to this
a List the companies from those with the lowest diagram:
balance to the highest.
b How far below the surface of the sea is the tunnel
at this point? Write down a sum of two integers
that gives the result.


b What is the difference between the highest and
the lowest balance?

PUZZLE Integer magic square
3.03–3.05 Adding integers
This is a magic square puzzle.
Here’s a useful way Now add them together: Place the nine different integers 0
of thinking about 4 ticks are balanced with 4 -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 in the
adding integers. Show crosses. This leaves us with 3 spaces in the diagram.
positive numbers with crosses, which represents -3:
Do this so that the sum of Did you know it
ticks, and negative +4 + -7 = -3
the numbers is the same: is impossible to
numbers with crosses:
 +  • in each row construct a magic
+4 = 
 +  +  • in each column square with four
-7 =  =  • in each of the two different numbers in
diagonals. 2 rows and 2 columns?

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