Analytic Geometry

Lesson 1 (Solutions)
1) Plot the points A(−4,0), B(3,0), and C(5,0) and find the directed distances of the following:
AB, AC, BC, CB, CA, and BA
A B C
x
To get the directed distances, subtract from
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 final to initial point:
AB = B − A = 3 − (−4) = 7
AC = C − A = 5 − (−4) = 9
BC = C − B = 5 − 3 = 2
CB = B − C = 3 − 5 = −2
CA = A − C = −4 − 5 = −9
BA = A − B = −4 − 3 = −7

Numbers 2 and 3: Plot the pairs of points and find the distances between them.
y
Use the distance formula:

(0,4)
5
(7,4) d = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
4
3
d d 2) (3,1), (7,4)
2
1
d = (7 − 3)2 + (4 − 1)2
(−3,0) (3,1)
x = 42 + 32
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
= 16 + 9
−2
−3
= 25
d =5

3) (0,4), (−3,0)
d = (−3 − 0)2 + (0 − 4)2
= (−3)2 + (−4)2
= 9 + 16
= 25
d =5

Numbers 4 to 5: Find the slope of a line passing through the two points. Find also their inclination to the
nearest degree.
Use the slope formula and the angle of inclination:
y2 − y1
slope m = and  = tan −1 m
x2 − x1
Analytic Geometry

4) (2,3), (3,7)
7−3 4
m= = =4 and  = tan−1 4 = 76.0
3−2 1

5) (3,−7), (4,8)
8 − (−7) 15
m= = = 15 and  = tan−1 15 = 86.2
4−3 1

Numbers 6 to 7: Find the coordinates of the midpoint of each pair of points.

Use the midpoint formula:
 x + x2 y1 + y2 
midpoint =  1 , 
 2 2 
6) (3,2), (1,6)
 3 +1 2 + 6   4 8 
midpoint =  ,  =  ,  = (2,4)
 2 2  2 2

7) (7, −4), ( −9,6)

 7 + (−9) −4 + 6   −2 2 
midpoint =  ,  =  ,  = (−1,1)
 2 2   2 2
Analytic Geometry

Lesson 2 – Learning Activities (Solutions)

I) Express the following general equation into slope-intercept form.
Slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
1) 2 x − 7 y − 15 = 0 2) −3x + 8y − 19 = 0
Rearrange: Rearrange:
2 x − 7 y − 15 = 0 −3 x + 8 y − 19 = 0
−7 y = −2 x + 15 8 y = 3 x + 19
−7 y −2 x + 15 8 y 3 x + 19
= =
−7 −7 8 8
2 15 3 19
y= x− y= x+
7 7 8 8

II) Find the general solution of the line given the following conditions and identify the standard
equation it uses.
3
1) m = − and b = −5
5
Use the slope-intercept form to form the equation of the line:
y = mx + b
3
y = − x + (−5)
5
 3  General form: 3x + 5 y + 25 = 0
5 y =  − x − 5  (5)
 5  Standard form: 3x + 5 y = −25
5 y = −3 x − 25
3 x + 5 y + 25 = 0

2) x-intercept is 4 and y-intercept is −6

Note: The x-intercept a describes where the line crosses the x-axis, so the point of x-intercept a
is (x,0), and the y-intercept b describes where the line crosses the y-axis, so the point of y-
intercept b is (0,y). Thus, the given in terms of points is (4,0) and (0,−6).
Use the slope formula:
−6 − 0 −6 3
m= = =
0 − 4 −4 2
Use the slope-intercept form to form the equation of the line:
y = mx + b
3
y = x + (−6)
2
3  General form: − 3 x + 2 y + 12 = 0
2 y =  x − 6  (2)
2  Standard form: 3x − 2 y = 12
2 y = 3 x − 12
−3 x + 2 y + 12 = 0
Analytic Geometry

1
3) m = and passing through (5,−3)
3
Use the point-slope form to form the equation of the line:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
1
y − (−3) = ( x − 5)
3
1 General form: − x + 3 y + 14 = 0
3( y + 3) = ( x − 5)(3)
3 Standard form: x − 3 y = 14
3y + 9 = x − 5
− x + 3y + 9 + 5 = 0
− x + 3 y + 14 = 0

4) Line passing through P(−2,3) and perpendicular to the line 2 x − 3y + 6 = 0 .

Find first the slope of the line 2 x − 3y + 6 = 0 by using the slope-intercept form:
2 x − 3y + 6 = 0
−3 y = −2 x − 6
−3 y −2 x − 6
=
−3 −3
2
y= x+2
3
So, the slope is m = 2/3.
The perpendicular slope should be negative reciprocal, that is
1 1 3
m⊥ = − = − =−
m 23 2
Use the point-slope form to form the equation of the new line:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
3
y − 3 = − [ x − (−2)]
2
3
2( y − 3) = − ( x + 2)(2)
2 General form: 3 x + 2 y = 0
2 y − 6 = −3( x + 2)
Standard form: 3 x + 2 y = 0
2 y − 6 = −3 x − 6
3x + 2 y − 6 + 6 = 0
3x + 2 y = 0

5) Slope is 4 and passing through the point of intersection of lines x + 6 y − 4 = 0 and

3x − 4 y + 2 = 0 .
For the system of equations, we can use the substitution method to find the point of intersection.
For the first equation,
Analytic Geometry

x + 6y − 4 = 0
6y = −x + 4
−x + 4
y=
6
Plug in y to the second equation to solve for x:
 −x + 4 
3x − 4  +2=0
 6 
4 x − 16
3x + +2=0
6
 4 x − 16 
6  3x + + 2  = 0(6)
 6 
18 x + 4 x − 16 + 12 = 0
18 x + 4 x = 16 − 12
22 x = 4
2
x=
11
and then solve for y:
−(2 11) + 4 42 11 7
y= = =
6 6 11
2 7
So, the point of intersection is  ,  .
 11 11 
With m = 4, use the point-slope form to form the equation of the new line:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
7  2
y− = 4 x − 
11  11 
7 8
y − = 4x −
11 11
 7   8 General form: − 44 x + 11y + 1 = 0
(11)  y −  =  4 x −  (11)
 11   11  Standard form: 44 x − 11y = 1
11y − 7 = 44 x − 8
−44 x + 11y − 7 + 8 = 0
−44 x + 11y + 1 = 0
Analytic Geometry

Lesson 2 – Self-assessment (Solutions)

Find the general equation of the line and identify its standard form of equation.
2
1) Passing through (2,−7) with a slope of
5
Use the point-slope form:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
2
y − (−7) = ( x − 2)
5
2 General form: − 2 x + 5 y + 39 = 0
5( y + 7) = ( x − 2)(5)
5 Standard form: 2 x − 5 y = 39
5 y + 35 = 2( x − 2)
5 y + 35 = 2 x − 4
−2 x + 5 y + 39 = 0

2) Passing through (2,−3) and parallel to the line passing through (4,1) and (−2,2)
Find the slope:
2 −1 1
m= =−
−2 − 4 6
In order the two lines to be parallel, only their y-intercepts in the equation y = mx + b are different.
For the first equation,
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
1
y − 1 = − ( x − 4)
6
1
6( y − 1) = − ( x − 4)(6)
6
6 y − 6 = −( x + 4)
6y − 6 = −x − 4
x + 6y − 6 − 4 = 0
x + 6 y − 10 = 0  general form
x + 6 y = 10  standard form
Given the point (2,−3), using the point-slope form, the equation of the new line is
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
1
y − (−3) = − ( x − 2)
6
1
6( y + 3) = − ( x − 2)(6)
6 General form: x + 6 y + 16 = 0
6 y + 18 = −( x − 2)
Standard form: x + 6 y = −16
6 y + 18 = − x + 2
x + 6 y + 18 − 2 = 0
x + 6 y + 16 = 0
Analytic Geometry

3) Passing through (−2,−7) and has its intercepts numerically equal but of opposite signs.
Let x = x-intercept at (x,0)
and −x = y-intercept at (0,−x)
The slope of the two points (x,0) and (0,−x) is
−x − 0 −x
m= = =1
0 − x −x
Use the point-slope form:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
y − (−7) = (1)[ x − (−2)]
General form: − x + y + 5 = 0
y+7= x+2
Standard form: x − y = 5
−x + y + 7 − 2 = 0
−x + y + 5 = 0

4) A perpendicular bisector of the segment connecting points (−1,−2) and (7,4)

A perpendicular bisector bisects a line segment at right angles.
For the point on bisector, find the midpoint of the given points:
 −1 + 7 −2 + 4 
midpoint =  ,  = (3,1)
 2 2 
Solve the slope:
4 − (−2) 6 3
m= = =
7 − (−1) 8 4
Get the perpendicular slope:
1 1 4
m⊥ = − = − =−
m 34 3
Use the point-slope form with (3,1) to form the equation of the line:
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
4
y − 1 = − ( x − 3)
3
4
3( y − 1) = − ( x − 3)(3)
3 General form: 4 x + 3 y − 15 = 0
3 y − 3 = −4( x − 3)
Standard form: 4 x + 3 y = 15
3 y − 3 = −4 x + 12
4 x + 3 y − 3 − 12 = 0
4 x + 3 y − 15 = 0

5) Passing through (4, −5) and (−6,3)

Solve the slope:
3 − (−5) 8 4
m= = =−
−6 − 4 −10 5
Use the point-slope form to form the equation of the line:
Analytic Geometry

y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
4
y − (−5) = − ( x − 4)
5
4
5( y + 5) = − ( x − 4)(5)
5 General form: 4 x + 5 y + 9 = 0
5 y + 25 = −4( x − 4)
Standard form: 4 x + 5 y = −9
5 y + 25 = −4 x + 16
4 x + 5 y + 25 − 16 = 0
4 x + 5y + 9 = 0