ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

A PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER IN

MAGALANG PAMPANGA

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the

College of Architecture
Adamson University

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

By

DAPHNE CHRISTINE B. RODRIGO

OCTOBER 2023
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TECHNICAL DEFINITION

The title is A Proposed Research and Development Center in Magalang,

Pampanga. An agricultural research and development (R&D) center is a facility

that conducts research on agricultural crops, livestock, and production systems.

The goal of agricultural R&D is to develop new and improved agricultural

technologies and practices that can help farmers to produce more food and fiber

more efficiently and sustainably. Agricultural R&D centers are typically equipped

with laboratories, greenhouses, fields, and other facilities that are necessary for

agricultural research. They may also have libraries, classrooms, and other

resources that are necessary for training farmers and extension workers.

Agricultural R&D centers play a vital role in promoting agricultural innovation

and productivity. They help to develop new agricultural technologies, such as

new crop varieties, new livestock breeds, and new farming practices. They also

help to transfer these technologies to farmers through extension programs and

other outreach activities. Agricultural R&D centers are funded by a variety of

sources, including governments, private companies, and foundations. Some

agricultural R&D centers are part of universities, while others are independent

organizations. Magalang is a Municipality in Pampanga that is titled as “The Fruit

Basket of Pampanga” because it is a major producer of fruits in the province. The

town has a favorable climate and soil conditions for growing a variety of fruits,
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including mangoes, bananas, pineapples, and papayas. Magalang is also home to

a number of fruit processing plants, which help to add value to the town's fruit

production.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Magalang, Pampanga is a major agricultural town in the Philippines. It is

known for its production of fruits, vegetables, and rice. However, the town faces

a number of agricultural problems such as: Climate change which a major threat

to agriculture in Magalang. The town is experiencing more frequent and severe

droughts and floods. These extreme weather events can damage crops and

reduce yields. Pests and diseases are another major problem for farmers in

Magalang. The town is particularly susceptible to pests and diseases due to its

tropical climate. Pests and diseases can destroy crops and reduce yields. Another

problem is the lack of innovation in technology that slows down the production

of crops, and many farmers are not trained well enough to use the newer

agricultural technologies. That is why this proposed Research and Development

Center aims to improve the agricultural livelihood in Magalang Pampanga.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The objective of this project is to establish a research and development

center in Magalang, Pampanga to address the agricultural problems facing the

town. The center will focus on developing new and improved agricultural

technologies and practices that can help farmers to produce more food and fiber
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more efficiently and sustainably. The goal is to design a research and

development center that will meet the needs of the agricultural sector in

Magalang, Pampanga. Create a facility that can train farmers in Magalang,

Pampanga on new agricultural technologies and practices and transfer

agricultural technologies and practices to farmers in Magalang, Pampanga

through extension programs and other outreach activities. The Proposed project

will help develop new and improved agricultural technologies and practices that

can help farmers to produce more food and fiber more efficiently and

sustainably. The research and development center will colaborate with

Pampanga State Agricultural University to provide a students and faculties

everything that they need to innovate and discover how to improve the

agriculture of Magalang Pampanga.

TARGET USER

The The target users for the Proposed Research and Development

Center in Magalang, Pampanga" are:

 Farmers in Magalang, Pampanga: The center will provide farmers with

access to new and improved agricultural technologies and practices, training,

and information. This will help farmers to produce more food and fiber more

efficiently and sustainably.

 Agricultural Scientists in Pampanga State Agricultural University: The

center will provide agricultural scientists with a place to conduct research on

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agricultural crops, livestock, and production systems in Magalang, Pampanga.

The center will also facilitate collaboration between agricultural scientists,

farmers, and other stakeholders.

 Instructors and Agricultural Sectors: The center will provide extension

workers with access to new and improved agricultural technologies and

practices that they can transfer to farmers.

 Government agencies: The center will provide government agencies with

information on agricultural research and development in Magalang,

Pampanga. This information can be used to develop policies and programs

that support agriculture in the town.

 Students of Pampanga State Agricultural University: The center will provide

the students equipments and learning materials to firther their study

towards agriculture.

PROJECT COMPONENT

Project Description- The proposed research and development center in

Magalang, Pampanga will be a facility that conducts research on agricultural

crops, livestock, and production systems in the town. The center will also

develop new and improved agricultural technologies and practices that can help

farmers to produce more food and fiber more efficiently and sustainably.
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Research and Developmet Center Design Requirements:

 Laboratories: Laboratories are needed for conducting research on

agricultural crops, livestock, and production systems. Laboratories should be

well-equipped with the necessary equipment and supplies.

 Greenhouses: Greenhouses are needed for growing plants and conducting

research in a controlled environment. Greenhouses should be of sufficient

size to accommodate the research that will be conducted.

 Fields: Fields are needed for conducting research on agricultural crops and

production systems in a natural environment. Fields should be of sufficient

size to accommodate the research that will be conducted.

 Seminar Rooms: Seminar Rooms are needed for training farmers and

extension workers on new agricultural technologies and practices.

Classrooms should be of sufficient size to accommodate the number of

students that will be trained.

 Training facilities: Training facilities are needed for training farmers and

extension workers on practical agricultural skills. Training facilities may

include workshops, demonstration farms, and other facilities.

 Library: A library is needed to provide access to information on agricultural

research and development. The library should be well-stocked with books,

journals, and other resources.

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 Offices: Offices are needed for staff to work and conduct research. Offices

should be of sufficient size to accommodate the number of staff that will be

working at the center.

 Storage facilities: Storage facilities are needed to store equipment, supplies,

and other materials. Storage facilities should be of sufficient size to

accommodate the needs of the center.

 Parking Spaces: Parking Spaces for vrhicles that are used for transportation

and fieldwork. Parking should be of sufficient size to accommodate the

needs of the center.

 Waste disposal facilities: Waste disposal facilities are needed to dispose of

waste generated by the center. Waste disposal facilities should be designed

and operated in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.

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Data Analysis:

These are the following data to support the study:

Figure 1.0 Table from Magalang City Land Use Planning 2018

This Table shows that Magalang’s biggest Land Use type is Agricultural

Production wherein it’s all used to plant crops and proves that Magalang can

generate a lot of crops and their livelihood most likely comes from Farming.
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Figure 2.0 Table from Pampanga Sectorial Profile

The table shows that Magalang, Pampanga is a major agricultural town. The

town produces a wide variety of crops, including rice, corn, fruit vegetables, leafy

vegetables, legumes, sugarcane, root crops, spices, banana, dragon fruit, and

fruit trees. This diversity of crops indicates that Magalang, Pampanga has a

strong agricultural sector.

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The Agriculture sector in Pampanga relies on the Central Luzon Integrated

Agricultural Research Center in Tarlac, there’s only a Research and development

office located in Pampanga State Agricultural University.

CLIARC conducts research and development on various agricultural commodities,

including rice, corn, vegetables, fruits, and livestock. The center also has a

technology extension division that disseminates research findings and

technologies to farmers and other stakeholders. CLIARC plays a vital role in the

development of the agricultural sector in Central Luzon. The center's research

and development activities help to improve the productivity and sustainability of

agriculture in the region. The center also provides training and extension services

to farmers and other stakeholders, which helps them to adopt new technologies

and improve their farming practices.

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Here are some of the specific research and development projects that are being

conducted at CLIARC:

 Development of high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of rice, corn,

and vegetables.

 Improvement of farming practices to increase productivity and reduce costs.

Development of new technologies for processing and marketing agricultural

products.

 Promotion of sustainable agriculture practices.

CLIARC is a valuable resource for the agricultural sector in Central Luzon and the

Philippines as a whole. The center's research and development activities help to

improve the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, and contribute to the

development of the rural economy.

There’s also a Research Center in Magalang Pampanga but it is focused on the

upland crops.
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The Proposed Research and Development Center will focus on providing the

researches, instructors, and students in Pampanga State Agricultural University a

biggger facility for research and development that focuses on the crops and live-

stock available in Magalang Pampanga. The existing Research Station in

Magalang only focuses on upland crops, and the CLIARC research and

development center in Tarlac is not accessible to the farmers within magalang,

providing them a nearer training facility will ease them from the burden of

traveling far to attend seminars or trainings. The Researchers, Students, and

Instructors can will also be closer to the research and development center ehich

pushes them to innovate further on Magalang’s Agricultural Crops and Livestocks.

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE COMPUTATIONS

Occupancy Classification: Division C-2

Lot Type: Corner Lot

Total Lot Area: 35,273.53 sqm

Type of Building/Structure: Institutional

Building Height Limit (BHL)

Number of Allowable Storeys/ Floors above established grade= 15.00 meters (or

must follow the duly-approved BHL in the major zone it is part of)

FORMULA VALUE
AMBF TLA x PSO 21,164.12 SQM
PSO (AMBF/TLA)x 100 60
TLA 35,273.53 SQM
TOSL ISA + USA 40
ISA 20
USA 20
MACA PSO + ISA 80
GFA FLAR x TLA 88,183.83 SQM
FLAR 2.5
BHL 15
TGFA AMBF x NO OF FLOORS 105,820.6
BUILDING BULK
AMVB
OFB
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PROBABLE COST

Probable Cost of the Project

Building Cost 105,820.6 64,135 Php/sqm 6,786,804,181

Site Development 13,756 Php/sqm 1,940,890,715
Cost
Land Cost 555,021.44
TOTAL 8,728,249,917

SITE JUSTIFICATION

The site is located in Magalang Pampanga near Pampanga State Agricultural

University, with a total area of 35,273.53 sqm.

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Zoning Classification and Requirements:

The Zoning Classification of the site is General Institutional wherein according to

the 2018 Comprehensive Land Use of Magalang Pampanga, it is a section of the

city or town that is mainly used for public buildings, such as government offices,

hospitals, schools, and convention centers.

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Accessibility of Target User/ Catchment Area:

Most of the Target users are from within the area, such as the Pampanga State

Agricultural University Students, Instructors, and Researchers which means that

they can access the Research and Development Facility is just walking distance.

The Center also offers training facilities for the farmers of Magalang Pampanga,

The Facility has only 1 accessible road and the only way to get to the facility is

my a Car or a tricycle ride from Magalang Plaza which is the catchment area of

the city and it is also the usual stop for Jeepneys from different cities in

Pampanga.

The Roadmap below shows the accessible roads of Magalang, it shows that

Magalang, Pampanga is a well-connected municipality with easy access to major

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provincial roads and bridges. It is located about 100 kilometers from Manila, 25

kilometers from San Fernando City, and 20 kilometers from Clark International

Airport. Modes of transportation available in the municipality include mini buses,

jeepneys, and motorized tricycles. The Utilities are also provided in the Area, the

Electricity is provided by Pampanga Electric Cooperatives, Water is provided by

Level 3 Water Supply System. The Telecommunication service provider nearby is

the Digital Telecomunication which is located in Barangay Sta. Cruz which is

approximately 5 km away from the site.

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Topographical Map:

According to the Topographical Map, Barangay San Agustin is elevated from the

rest of the barangays and the closest to Mt. Arayat but the site is still build able

because seen on the attached pictures below the site is flat.

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Macro Climate

Magalang has a tropical climate with overcast skies during the wet season, partly

cloudy skies during the dry season, and hot and humid weather throughout the

year. Temperatures typically range from 71°F to 95°F, rarely falling below 67°F or

rising above 98°F. Magalang has two seasons: a hot season and a cool season.

The hot season lasts for 1.6 months, from March 28 to May 15, with average

daily high temperatures above 93°F. The hottest month of the year in Magalang

is April, with average high temperatures of 94°F and low temperatures of 77°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.3 months, from October 28 to February 6, with

average daily high temperatures below 88°F. The coldest month of the year in

Magalang is January, with average low temperatures of 72°F and high

temperatures of 87°F.
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Micro Climate:

San Agustin is a district in the Philippines that has a tropical monsoon climate.

This means that it has hot and humid weather year-round, with a rainy season

and a dry season. The average temperature in San Agustin is 29.14°C (84.45°F),

which is slightly higher than the average temperature in the Philippines as a

whole. San Agustin receives an average of 92.62 millimeters (3.65 inches) of

precipitation per year, and it has 167.82 rainy days (45.98% of the time).

In simpler terms, San Agustin is a hot and rainy place year-round. It is slightly

hotter than the average place in the Philippines, and it has a lot of rainy days.

The average temperature in San Agustin ranges from 26.55°C (79.79°F) in

January to 32.08°C (89.74°F) in May. The temperature is relatively constant

throughout the year, with a slightly cooler period from December to February.

The average monthly precipitation in San Agustin ranges from 27.64mm (1.09

inches) in January to 199.08mm (7.84 inches) in August. The rainy season in San

Agustin runs from June to October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in August

and September.

Overall, San Agustin has a tropical monsoon climate with hot and humid weather

year-round and a rainy season from June to October.

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Site Pictures:
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PRELIMENARY DESIGN CONCEPT AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Design Concept: Biophilic

Biophilic design is a concept that incorporates elements of nature into the built

environment. This can include things like using natural materials, providing

access to natural light and views, and incorporating plants and other living

elements into the design. The reasons why biophilic design should be considered

when designing an agricultural research and development center are:

Improved employee health and well-being. Studies have shown that exposure to

nature can have a number of positive effects on human health and well-being,

including reducing stress, improving mood, and boosting cognitive function. This

can lead to increased productivity and creativity among employees.

Enhanced innovation and creativity. Biophilic design can help to create a more

stimulating and inspiring work environment, which can lead to increased

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innovation and creativity. This is especially important for agricultural research

and development, which is a field that relies on new ideas and solutions.

Increased connection to the natural world. Biophilic design can help to connect

people with the natural world, which can lead to a greater appreciation for

nature and a stronger commitment to environmental stewardship. This is

important for agricultural research and development, as the work that is done in

this field has a direct impact on the environment.

In addition to these benefits, biophilic design can also help to reduce energy

costs and improve indoor air quality. This is because biophilic design often

incorporates features such as natural ventilation and daylighting, which can help

to reduce the need for artificial lighting and HVAC systems.

Overall, there are many reasons why biophilic design should be considered when

designing an agricultural research and development center. It can lead to a

healthier, more productive, and more creative work environment, as well as a

greater appreciation for the natural world.

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Soil Profile:

According to the sectorial profile of Magalang, Magalang has six different types

of soil, according to the Bureau of Soil and Water Management's 2009 soil data:

Angeles coarse sand, Angeles fine sand, Angeles sand, Angeles sandy loam,

Arayat clay loam, and Arayat sandy clay loam. The Sectorial Profile did not

provide a soil map but basing on the location of the site, the soil can be assumed

to be either Arayat sandy clay loam or Arayat Clay loam. Clay is not a good soil

for buildings because it can move around when it dries or gets wet. This can

cause cracks in the building and make the floors uneven. Clay soil foundations

need to be deeper than other types of foundations to be more stable.

Drilled pier footings are best for Arayat clay soil because they are deep

foundations that can support heavy loads. Clay soil is soft and can easily compact

under heavy loads, so it is important to have a foundation that can distribute the

weight of the structure over a large area. Drilled pier footings do this by

transferring the weight of the structure to deeper, more stable layers of soil.
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Type of Foundation based on the Concept: Biophilic Architecture

The best foundation for biophilic architecture is one that is both sustainable and

durable. Some common foundations that are used in biophilic architecture

include:

Concrete: Concrete is a strong and durable material that can be used to create a

variety of foundation types, including spread footings, drilled piers, and mat

foundations. Concrete foundations are also relatively inexpensive to install.

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Masonry: Masonry foundations are made of brick, stone, or concrete blocks.

They are strong and durable, and they can be used to create a variety of

foundation types, including spread footings and pier foundations. Masonry

foundations are more expensive than concrete foundations, but they are also

more visually appealing.

Timber: Timber foundations are made of wood. They are less durable than

concrete or masonry foundations, but they are also more sustainable. Timber

foundations are a good option for biophilic architecture because they can be

made from recycled materials and they are biodegradable.

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Conceptual Framework:

NATURAL ASPECTS

Provision for the natural

resources available in the
site such as rice and
tamarind

SUSTAINABLE
PHYSICAL ASPECTS Provision for the ADAPTIVE BUILDING
physical well being of DESIGN SOLUTION
Biophilic Resarchers and
Architecture create a welcoming
Design exterior, environment for  Green Roof
with sustainability Farmers  Solar Panels
aspects, use of  Rainwater
sustainable harvesting
materials. The  Greywater
A Proposed Agricultural recycling
design and
Research and  Water-efficient
landscape must
Development Center in fixtures
welcome the
Magalang, Pampanga  Locally sourced
existing ecosystem
materials
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REFERENCES

Addressing regional needs through sustained partnerships. (2015). 2019

PCAARRD ANNUAL REPORT.

Alston, J. M. (2010). The Benefits from Agricultural Research and Development,

Innovation, and Productivity Growth. OECD Food, Agriculture and

Fisheries Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/5km91nfsnkwg-en

Feder, G., Just, R. E., & Silberman, D. (1985). Adoption of agricultural

Innovations in developing Countries: a survey. Economic Development

and Cultural Change, 33(2), 255–298. https://doi.org/10.1086/451461

Magalang Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Philippines) -

Weather Spark. (n.d.). Weather Spark.

https://weatherspark.com/y/134883/Average-Weather-in-Magalang-

Philippines-Year-Round#google_vignette

Mendoza, D. M., Mendoza, G. C., Pacunana, W. L., & Baysa, R. P. (2022).

Phytoplankton Composition, Water Quality and Primary Productivity of

Tilapia Ponds Located inside the. . . ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365370890_Phytoplankton_

Composition_Water_Quality_and_Primary_Productivity_of_Tilapia_Pon

ds_Located_inside_the_Pampanga_State_Agricultural_University_Maga

lang_Pampanga_during_Dry_and_Wet_Seasons
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San Agustin, Pampanga, PH Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical

weather data. (n.d.).

https://weatherandclimate.com/philippines/pampanga/san-agustin

Sleep, work, live #22 - Daylight and Architecture magazine. (2014, October 31).

Issuu. https://issuu.com/da-

magazine/docs/140925_da22_80p_for_ebook-no_spread

URETEK ICR Gulf Coast. (2022, February 16). Types of soil for your building

foundation | URETEK Gulf Coast. URETEK ICR Gulf Coast - Houston, TX.

https://uretek-gulfcoast.com/types-soil-for-building-foundation-

dirt/#:~:text=When%20it%20comes%20to%20clay,tendency%20to%20s

hrink%20and%20expand.