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AGRICULTURE
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES:
The 21st century has seen enormous technological advancements throughout the
world. The usage of digital devices for communication, socializing, and data
storage, among other services, is something that almost everyone is familiar with
gadgets that can be used to send, receive, store, and access any type of information.
These innovations fall within the information and communications umbrella. Many
people in today's world make the error of believing that the technological
developments currently taking place are the only ones that are developing.
However, when it comes down to it, technical developments have been affecting
These outdated technologies have been replaced over time by newer ones that
illustration of this. These technologies all used to function entirely on their own,
but not any longer. Different social services that serve as a form of social media
being transformed into a digital environment with the aid of new technologies.
sectors. Every time the phrase "technology" is used, something new is always
being developed or put into use that could benefit organisations. the desire to learn
more about technology and how it will affect how people live their lives on a daily
basis.
technology that exhibits a degree of coherence that endures over time and has the
the makeup of actors, institutions, and patterns of interactions among those, as well
unknown."
aims may lead to the emergence of new technological sectors. Through resource
technologies reflect formerly separate disciplines that are gradually moving toward
closer ties and shared objectives. However, opinions on the significance, relevance,
This paper discusses about the emerging technologies in the field of agriculture.
WHY DOES AGRICULTURE NEED EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES?
By 2050, there will be 9 billion people on the planet, which would result in a 102
percent increase in the worldwide need for food. As a result, to assure the
availability of raw materials for food, feed, and fibre, agricultural productivity
must also rise by 60% to 70%. Each actor in the food system must make a
commitment to developing and enforcing practises that will reduce the use of
natural resources when possible and reuse, recycle, and repurpose them in all other
situations in order to ensure a sustainable future despite the current sustained and
these initiatives by putting in place national and local policies and strategies for
helps the agroecosystem meet the world's present food needs while also assuring
that future generations can do the same with the meagre resources they will have.
These approaches also emphasise holistic development, which includes the three
sustainability.
extreme weather events, which minimizes crop losses during such situations.
technologies, and 3D printing, which enable the production of food products while
conserving time and energy, are additional technologies that show promise for
Farmers may now use the finest practices of both conventional and technologically
and cost-effective while still inflicting the least amount of environmental harm
feasible. Even rural farmers who are located far away can adopt climate-resilient,
sustainable farming methods that can yield financial rewards if they have access to
optimise agricultural operations and use the fewest resources possible, data from
satellite photos, sensors, and IoT devices helps decision-makers make more
informed choices. It also helps to reduce risks in order to achieve the highest crop
yields. Traceability solutions give stakeholders greater control over operations and
enables them to notice problems and take action, such as food loss or waste, as
agricultural firms a competitive edge that helps them get access to domestic and
prices. The agroecosystem is embracing technology quickly, but its full potential
has not yet been realized. Agriculture has seen a profound transition over the past
50 years as a result of digitalization, which has increased its worldwide speed, size,
and productivity. With the advent of Agriculture 4.0, the fourth agricultural
sensors, IoTs, remote sensing, GPS, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.
environmental concerns.
Despite accounting for about 65 percent of all employment in India, the agriculture
India's agriculture is heavily reliant on the natural world yet concerns with the
climate and global warming make farming uncertain. Teaching farmers how to
profitability is urgently needed. Over time, it has been apparent that agricultural
development practises use up natural resources more quickly than they can be
replenished. The "natural" carrying capacity of the land is under strain to meet the
demand for food and shelter brought on by the exponential expansion in the human
population.
Pollution, degraded soil, declining wildlife populations, and changes to flora and
predict that the agri-ecosystem will face higher demands as a result of the
agriculture.
AGRICULTURE ROBOTICS:
Agricultural robots are specialised technological devices that can help farmers with
a variety of tasks. They can be programmed to develop and adapt to meet the
requirements of different activities, and they have the ability to assess, consider,
There are a huge variety of jobs that agricultural robots may perform for farmers to
repetitive, and physically taxing duties. Robots are now, however, being employed
for a variety of specialised tasks that were previously solely performed by skilled
farmers. Picking out delicate produce, like lettuce and strawberries, is one example
of this.
Robotics is being used to lessen the physical demands of this activity because crop
harvesting has historically been a difficult labour for farmers all over the world.
Although farming is a tedious and repetitive activity that must be done, due to the
nature of the work, robots are perfectly suited to step in and take over.
The manual dexterity needed to choose different fruits and veggies has been the
only genuine concern in this situation. Every variety of produce has specific needs,
are prone to rips, whilst fruits are known to bruise exceptionally easily. The robots
that will be assigned to this work need to be programmed with a great deal of
Cambridge University is one of the top names in this area of agricultural robots.
They have developed a special robot called "Vegebot," a prototype that uses
lettuce plants, a task that was previously thought to be very impossible for
machines to perform.
The "Vegebot's" camera enables it to scan the lettuce and determine whether or not
the specific plant is ready for harvest. When it determines that the plant is ready to
be harvested, the robot utilises a second camera that is mounted next to the blade to
picking strawberries.
Instead of the single arms that are often employed in agricultural robots, their
can aid Berry 5 in doing difficult tasks like gripping the strawberry bush leaf,
Abundant Robotics has developed a unique vacuum robot that makes use of
cutting-edge technology to reduce the burden of selecting crops like apples from
orchards.
This robot can distinguish between ripe and mature apples using computer vision
as well. Once it has focused on the proper apples, the robot can suck them down
using a vacuum tube without damaging the fruit. The prototype stage of this robot
was a huge success, and it has since been tested on New Zealand's fields with great
success.
ROBOT FARMING:
This is the logical progression for agricultural robots. Specialized robotic farms
have been developed by businesses like Iron Ox and Bowery Farming that are fully
With the aid of technology like hydroponic pods, vertical farming, artificial
intelligence, and computer vision, these American IT giants are able to grow a
variety of leafy greens, herbs, and specialty fruits. In these circumstances, humans
are solely in charge of basic maintenance and supervisory tasks; robots manage the
farms entirely.
There is no doubt that this is the future of agriculture, despite the fact that this is
world.
PROS:
Farmers are being helped by robots, which relieve them of physically taxing and
time-consuming tasks so they can use their free time to perform other critical tasks.
In order to monitor their farms, make critical decisions based on new data, and
even stay one step ahead of problems in the future, this includes using machine-
Due to the fact that this technology is still in its infancy, not all farmers will be
able to afford to purchase it. Therefore, the majority of robotics require extensive
testing and even mass production before they are accessible to farmers in
Robotics also poses a danger to a sizable number of daily wage labourers who
depend on agriculture jobs to make a living. This industry could face a problem of
The phrase is most frequently used to refer to small, artificial ecosystems. Such
systems have scientific value and have the ability to support life during space
Any waste materials created by one species must be utilised by at least one other
species in a closed ecological system. Waste products like carbon dioxide, faeces,
and urine must finally be transformed into oxygen, food, and water if the goal is to
practically all closed ecological systems up to this point have been built around an
closed ecosystems that can be built or purchased in glass containers that are
settings has already begun by humans. Building habitats that can sustain life with
air, water, and food in remote locations like the moon is the goal of projects like
the space station and biospheres. We can learn how to design bio-regenerative
systems for the space station and closed ecological systems, which have also posed
challenges to established scientific hypotheses. Scientists discovered that many
plants' growing tips bow in different directions, especially climbing plants, and that
According to studies, the root waving and twisting patterns that occur during
sprouting on Earth and in space are similar. This suggests that gravity has a
minimal role in these root development patterns. Plant research conducted aboard
the space station showed that the basic processes and plant development cycle are
becoming increasingly clear that the Earth's ecosystem can no longer safely absorb
The broad plea for avoiding the depletion of natural resources in order to preserve
non-renewable natural resources (fossil fuels), and conversion of wild habitats for
human use. The Earth's biosphere's tiny volumes and rapid cycling times make it
evident that ecosystems must be created to ensure the regeneration of the water and
atmosphere, the recycling of nutrients, the creation of nutritious food, and secure
public education and a shift in how we think about living in global biosphere.
Closed ecological systems can include both natural systems of many kinds and
man-made ones that have been organised and managed by humans. These can
aquaria, which may be used in the real world or for research. Regarding material
cycling, some usage can require the construction of totally closed systems. In every
forces and the design strategies for control to maintain the system running within
acceptable ranges.
accepted metric for determining when ecological systems are closed. Numerous
universal estimates must be produced in order to ensure the repeatability of
Using a closed ecological system, all nutrients and organic matter are recycled
back into the soil where the crop was grown. This method of farming maintains the
soil's levels of nutrients and carbon and enables the practise of balanced farming.
Several goals need the use of closed ecological systems. Closed ecological systems
in small bio spheric systems help with the in-depth observation of global
Closed ecological systems make it easier to study research subjects like genetically
modified organisms that must remain isolated from the outside world so that their
ecological interactions can be studied separately from those with the outside
environment. Managing daily and seasonal variations of vital living elements like
carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, and nutrients as well as handling quicker cycling
rates are among the numerous ecological challenges that must be overcome in
nutrients, maintain soil fertility, sustain clean air and water, and avoid the loss of
faced by small, isolated human groups, and potential solutions that may be
additional problems.
For more than 20 years, closed ecological systems that have been artificially
produced have been the subject of theoretical and experimental research. These
systems ranged in size from a volume of under a pint to thousands of cubic yards.
aquatic systems to soil-based systems that incorporate many aspects of the planet's
ecology.
Earth, including planning for a high quality of life in locations with harsh
areas. The creation of an eco-home aimed at giving people a high quality of life in
veggies on demand, purify water and air, and maintain regular colour and light
conditions throughout the winter. The viability of closed ecological systems based
on the technology outlined depends on the amount of energy available and the will
of decision-makers.
While much has been discovered about how these closed ecological systems work,
much more has to be researched in order to better understand how the Earth's
VERTICAL FARMING:
cultivating plants indoors. Vertical farms use LED illumination and carefully
regulated growing and nutrition systems in place of sunlight and rain. As a result of
the vertical layering of the plants, many of the farms resemble warehouses with
software, robotics, and data science. Controlling the temperature, humidity, CO2,
Regulated environment agriculture of this type lessens the influence of the vertical
farm on the environment by reducing the need for herbicides, for example.
Vertical farming can offer local produce from nearby buildings rather than
cultivating it on large fields and then transporting it over great distances in trucks
and aeroplanes. Food will be fresher and consume less fuel as a result.
Additionally, vertical farms frequently yield more than traditional farms do. Plants
can survive 13 to 14 days as opposed to three to four days for identical products
While some buildings use electricity generated by wind turbines, Free Think
asserts that vertical farms powered by fossil fuels may actually make the problem
farm. According to Duke University in the US, the average price per square metre
Nevertheless, Statista predicts that the worldwide vertical farming business would
expand steadily from $5.5 billion in 2020 to almost $20 billion by 2025.