* A heart attack occurs when there is a sudden, complete blockage of a coronary artery that supplies blood to an area of the heart. As aresult, some of the heart muscle begins to die. Without early medical treatment thi lola ie a av) * What causes a heart attack? * The heart is a muscular pump that needs a continuous supply of oxygen. It gets this oxygen from the blood, Ale arm ca Accel mee am Male a Mela Cag elm heart's surface. These arteries are called the coronary Claitogl on * The most common cause of heart attack is coronary heart disease (CHD) - the slow build-up of fatty deposits on the mee Ma ee renee) am eal with blood. These fatty deposits, called plaque, gradually clog the inside channel of the arteries causing them to narrow. It is a process that begins early in life and* What causes a heart attack? Cont. * A heart attack usually begins when an area of plaque cracks. Blood cells and other components of the blood stick over the damaged area and forma clot that suddenly and completely blocks the blood flow to the heart muscle. If the artery remains blocked, the lack of blood flow through that artery permanently damages the area of heart muscle that it supplies blood to.* Heart attack symptoms vary. Not all heart attacks begin with a sudden, crushing pain that is often shown on TV or in the movies. The warning signs:and symptoms of a heart attack aren't the same for everyone. Many heart attacks start slowly as mild pain or discomfort. Some people don't have symptoms at all (this is called a silent heart attack). * The symptoms usually last for at least 10 minutes Uo MolOM tems del au te Atel an CMe Lm ala Chae STi eee Llbet em ee Mal mes od * The most common symptom of heart ret is chest pain or discomfort. The pain sometimes starts slowly, or may come on suddenly, or develop over.a few minutes. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. It may STA me gu ce eo te SO squeezing. The feeling has been described as: ‘like a steel band tightening around my chest’, ‘like an elephant sitting on my chest’ or ‘like a red hot poker in the centre of my chest’. The pain can range from severe, to moderate or even mild. Heart attackPain spreading Mma amel elie ma ev aet a CoM OR CM alice nl els jaw, shoulders, the back, either or both arms and even into Rit eaten rem ure * Discomfort in the upper body Some people do not get any chest pain -only discomfort in parts of the upper body. There may be a choking feeling in the throat, The arms may feel ‘heavy’ or ‘useless’. Other symptoms Often there may also be difficulty breathing, nausea or vomiting, a cold sweat Chim Xai pesca ae tele telSN Mme Cel emcee eT ATONE od a heart attack. Angina is pain in the chest that occurs in people with coronary artery disease, usually when they're (Ca mae eM MCE Cole cole Om CAM ome Te] goes away with rest. Angina that doesn't go away or that changes from its-usual pattern.(occurs more frequently or occurs at rest) can be a gh of the beginning of a heart attack and should be checked by a doctor right away. SN cl ee Ra CMe aK eur uel aml) me eee MC ume ee A La Gm Lied alam et men to experience some of the other common symptoms, flee alele ola atl MN le ton Pole CoPA CLR ATC Peas back or jaw pain.esa Seco el hae ee tama a alle a a etre * A primary survey consists of fallewing the DRABCD procedure, this involves; Sea Nica eae Sal ek Mal ela eae easel lip Ze ell oneal ol Boal ep Telia Re lel ae mee R CoML rec ap meee (io) See ema Rm a mae ela me a eral ty using the COWS procedure; -Can you hear me, -Open your eyes, -What is Dm Aire ta) BL = Airways - After response if the casualty is unconscious I should then (lal oC RL OR ceo el Une SCR mes eel ee AR Ue Lolita. ar Rm eM aecie a Rel el aA on = Breathing - The next step if the patient is unconscious is to check for signs of life, Check for breathing by using look, listen and feel technique. If Sete Rot mulicee e atcaLcu Mimic cae oe breaths and... = Compressions - If the casualty is unconscious with no breathing, start Pe eam aol CaN ge cL esha ace lgt eg oehE h 8 tompressions per minute (approx 2 compressions per second). At 1/3 depth of the casualty's chest.If the casualty is conscious attempt to sit him/her ina comfortable position and encourage relaxation and steady breathing until emergencies arrive. PMR ORE ema Mol lela COR lt ama cl mt Rel Code gare RAR mere Ad oR Ai LL Le RY ee Patel AIEN involves the use of special clot-dissolving medications which are administered directly into the blood stream. rent imph if oor Titelam Ue elem ema Cele Me lok marek CTL ed restore blood flow to the heart by using a special balloon to Ci anelsola coker ta mee MeL 4Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery is an operation in which blood flow is redirected around a narrowed area, allowing blood to flow more freely to the heart muscle. Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). After recovering from a heart attack, some people may develop, or be at high risk of developing, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) which could be life-threatening. In some cases, a small device can be implanted in the chest and connected to the heart inorder to treat such an arrhythmia if it occurs. This device is called an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD).Heart Attack Recovery Deel e MU ORR em hl a ad mele Peer recovering from a heart attack and greatly reduce the risk of further heart problems and relieve or control symptoms such as angina. AUT Meme me meme Orne tele Clnu Laem ls Mal celag attack recovery are: Take medications as prescribed bya doctor EEL me EAN aaa aT Peart ae Cee Morel ur ia Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight If the person affected has diabetes, they should also aim to keep their ae Tee Hah i pacha ec aye* Cardiac rehabilitation * The Heart Foundation and the World Health Organization recommend that all those who have had a heart attack, heart surgery, coronary angioplasty, angina or other heart or blood vessel disease are routinely referred to an appropriate cardiac rehabilitation and prevention program for cardiac care, en aloes eRe Rel Aol emma AP Cole L cm lweCon ttl potentially life-saving changes to the way you live. They oP om hale anole mel Ce! yer bce A ALAM te loeb Tol information, physical activity programs and support, which can complement the help and cardiac care you receive from your GP and/or cardiologist.