Part 1

Formating
6 types of Formating
A=Number
B=Alignment
C=Font
D=Border
E=Fill
F=Protection

Number Formating
We can Format Numbers By 2 way
(i) We can go to the Number section in Home Bar
(ii) We can Select cell , right click and Choose the option Format Cells

Option 2 is Selected
After selecting Format Cells we will be given with Different Options
(a) General Format =If no Format is choose then text will follow general format by DEFAULT

(b) Number Format = In it we will be given with 3 Options

first we can put decimal in figure
second we can display negative value with red colour
Third use of separator (1000) only
Example
234.000 567.0000
In above Example I have selected 2 decimal places
Example 2
(345.00)

In above example 345 is original written in Negative but after selection option negative
sign got remove it is displayed in RED

(C)Percent Format=

We will write any number in 2 decimal place and Press Percent Option figure will convert in percentage
34% 45%

(D) Currency Format

Similar to Accounting
1 Decimals
2 Currency symbol
3 Minus value will be displayes in black And it will be far left
Example
$ 345.00 £345
-£ 675.00 -£345.00

(E) ACCOUNTING FORMAT

1 decimal place
2 Symbuls
(F) Hidden Format
Valus are entered and use in calculation but not displayed :
use for hidding sensetive information :::
Method :
Example
write any value in cell , select custom , type 3 colons OR semi-colons in type box
:
to unhide go to custom option and press delete

ALIGNMENT & FONT

red

Part 2

BAR CHART/COLUMN CHART

Years Revenue
20X1 1000
20X2 2000
20X3 5000
20X4 1000
20X5 500
Points
It can be vertical or Horizontal
it is used to compare different values

Revenue
6000

5000

4000
Revenue
3000

2000

1000
 5000

4000
Revenue
3000

2000

1000

0
20X1 20X2 20X3 20X4 20X5

Line Graph
It is use to compare trends
There are 2 Variable in it DEPENDENT and INDEPENDENT
Like in following example Years are independent and revenues are dependent
Time is usually Independent Variable

Example

Revenu
Years Revenue 6000
20X1 1000
20X2 2000 5000
20X3 5000
4000
20X4 1000
20X5 500 3000

2000

1000

0
20X1 20X2 20X3 2

AREA CHART
It is much like Line Graph but area under the lines are shaded in it

Years Revenue
20X1 1000 Revenue
20X2 2000 6000
20X3 5000
20X4 1000 5000
20X5 500
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
20X1 20X2 20X3 20X4
 3000

2000

1000

0
20X1 20X2 20X3 20X4

Pie Chart
It is of Round SHAPE
It reperesent the percentage
It is divided into sectors
It is the comparison of individual data with whole data

Example

MaterialA 50%
Material B 30%
Material C 20%

Scatter Diagram and TREND LINE

50
Example
45
Week 1 2 3 4 5 40 6
OUTPUTS 10 12 10 8 9 35 11
Costs 42 44 38 34 38 43
30
25
20
First we will Draw Scattered Diagram Then Right click on 15
any of the Dot ,All dots will be Selected ,then left click dot and
10
select line
5
It is used for Data which has scattered values
0
0 1
 15
10
5
0
0 1

How to delete a Chart

Place a mouse button on the border of graph and press delete

PART 3
(i)
Relative AND absolute cell references
Example Relative cell reference
we write simple formula with no currency sign with the cell reference
100 10 5
200 10 5
300 10 5
600 30 15

Absolute Cell Reference

Example 2
If we add Currency Sign with the cell reference than this formula will be copied next
100 10 12
200 10 12
300 10 12
600 600 600

Example 3 In this Example we are putting Currency Sign on with Second Cell reference e.g with cell A 210

100 1000 1100

200 2000
300 3000 30000
600 600 600
10 0
0 10%
(ii) #VALUE!

Trace precedents and Trace dependent

-23%
EXAMPLE 1
2 4 6

Total 12
Trace precedent
In it we select the cell with formula
click on TRACE PRECEDENT from FORMULA Auditing portion of Formula tab
The arrow head will point towards the cell which contains formula

Column1 Column2 Column3

EXAMPLE 2
10
5 50
6 60
7 Rs70
Trace Dependent
In it we select the cell which have number who has been multiplied with all numbers e.g cell A232
click on Dependent PRECEDENT from FORMULA Auditing portion of Formula tab
The arrow will point toward those cells where 10 have been multiplied

(iii)
Hide Rows and column
100 10
200 10
300 10

To hide any ROW OR COLUMN select that row or column

right click it and select HIDE option
To un hide any hidden row or column
select two row between whom that particular row igh
like if we hide row 240 so to unhide it we will select row 239 and 241
then right click on it anf press unhide option

(iv)
Protect worksheet
If any one want to put password on the work sheet
Go to review tab and from the changes section select protect sheet and apply password
To remove password go to review tab and select unprotect

Protection Individual cells

If we want to lock any particular cell
First we have to select whole sheet
second we have to right click mouse and go to format cell ,protection option and unlock all cell
Third we need to select the cell we want to lock again right click ,format cell,protect option and select locked
Fourth go to review tab ,protect shhet ,apply password then your individual cell is locked
Part 4
ERRORS
First Error (divided by zero)
Example
20 0 #DIV/0!
34 0 #DIV/0!

Second Error (if calculations do not make any sense)

if we divide or multiply with any cell which contain text
Example

3 4 5 Err:509 qwe #VALUE!

3 4 5 12
Third Error (Null error) it is when there is no common cell
between any 2 selected ranges
2=we have to apply SPACE between any two selected ranges
Example 1 Example 2

1 2 5 1
2 3 6 2
3 4 7 3
#REF!

In example 1 we selected B287 till B289 and then selected A288 till C288 so common value is 3
in example 2 we selected G287till G289and then selected H287 till H289 so there is no common point and no intersection
and the answer will be NULL
IN selecting both the cell range we press SPACE Button
Fourth ERROR Reference Error
If we delete any cell reference error occur
1 2 5
2 6
2 0 30

In it we have multiplied cell A298 with A 299 and result is in cell A300 but if we delete row A298 OR 299 cell A300
will show #REF

FIFTH Error (#######)

It is not an error it is a display feature .It is caused when column with of the cell contaning date or time is not enough or w
this erro only deals with digits
12/31/2021 10/16/2022 1.1111E+22 ;outyeutwyrkektejryr
1.11111E+19 1.111111E+20

SIXTH ERROR NAME ERROR

when we write wrong spelling OR enter wrong cell reference

Example example 2
2 2 4
3 8 3 #NAME?
4 4
#NAME? #NAME?

Part 5
FORMULAS
SUM FORMULA
1000
2000 1000 1000 1000
5000 2000 2000 2000
1000 5000 5000 5000
500 1000 1000 1000
500 500 500 500
9000 9500 9500 9500

Multiplication formula
use symbol { *} for multiplcation
1 4 4
2 3 6
3 2 6
4 1 4

Division formula
use symbol { / } for division

4 2 2
6 3 2
9 4 2.25

Average Formula

4 2 3
6 3 4.5
9 4 6.5

Parentheses Use of brackets

4 2 2 10
6 3 3
9 4 4
Exponentiation (Power) Square
4 27 27 81 27 64

Exponentiation (Power) Square root

2 3 3 3 3 8 3

Round
we will use the cell reference for the number we want to round up or down
then we will put comma and write the place we want to round up
e.g
If digit is 1: round up to 1 decemal
If digit is2: round up to 2 decemal
if digit is -1 :round up to 10
if digit is -2 : round up to 100
if digit is 0 so remove all decimal
first example is for round up to nearest 1 decimal
If we want to removw decimal w
158.64
158.6
second example is for round up to 100

189567
189600

If function
if(logical_test,value if true,value if false)
Customer sales discount5% sales(net)
arthur 956 0
dent 1423 71.15
ford 2894 144.7

Part 6
Tables
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6
Product Jan Feb March April May
A
B
C
D
Total

Write the values and from the insert tab select Table Tab and if we want to remove table select clear from home tab
Features
Clear Titles
Clearly Labelled
Clearly Sub Totals
Note to remove table select it , press clear from editing section of home tab

Freezing Titles
Years Revenue
20X1 1000
20X2 2000
20X3 5000
20X4 1000
20X5 500

What ever Row or Column we want to Freeze

Step 1
We will select the very next Colum or Row we want to freeze
step 2
We will click VIEW tab
Go to Windows section
click on Freeze panes

When we apply above procedure column A AND B fill freeze and when we use tab button
to go further ,these two values will remain same there

SPLITTING SCREEN

2 Method s
First method
Place The Cursor over Divider
It will Change in to Cross Sign
Drag the divider till the point where we want to divide
this is both for horizontal and vertical divider
To remove it drag the bar to its original position or Double Click it

second method
Go to View BAR
CLICK SPLIT OPTION

GRID LINES
From the viEw tab select grid line FROM Show option and all grid lines will disappear

Sorting and Filtering

Unit price Volume

B 123 786 96678
A 123 657 80811
A 234 234 54756
D 456 98 44688
C 654 432 282528
C 879 123 108117

SORTING

Step 1 Select the Data Range

Step 2 On the Data Tab ,in sort and Filter group ,Select Sort.
Step 3 select from largest to smallest or any other option
stpe 4 Click Ok

Filtering
This technique is use for selective Data
Data will be still there and include in the final calculation butnot presented
Used for items contained in large spreadsheet

Unit price Volume

C 879 123 108117
C 654 432 282528
D 456 98 44688
A 234 234 54756
A 123 657 80811
B 123 786 96678

Steps
Select Filter from sort and Filter Tab
Select the values we want to be shown
click ok
note to un do filter click on filter tab

Linking spread sheet with word or ONE SHEET WITH another ( MULTISHEET 3D SPREAD SHEET)
To link spread sheet with word processing document
(i) Select the text you want to link
copy the selected text and paste it in the word document
(ii) spread sheet table on word
Click on insert tab
select tables and from tables menue select the spread sheet
Fill the spread sheet and double click on empty space , spread sheet will paste on word

(iii) Click on the Insert Tab

from the text menue click on the Object
then select Object from files
Select the file and double click it
Note = you may need to resize the file

Refering One work sheet value in other work sheet

ALSO CALLED THREE DIMENSINAL SPREAD SHEET OR MULTI SPREAD SHEET
If we want to right any value of work sheet 2 in work sheet 1 than
steps
press = sign in the selected colum of work sheet 1
go to work sheet 2 and select the value we want to copy by click it
value will automatically copy on 1st sheet
0
Above value of 123 is refered from sheet 3

Insert sheet and rename it

right click on the index tab press the insert option to insert new sheet
we can rename the work sheet using same method
45%
 :

Revenue
 Revenue

Revenue

Revenue

2 20X3 20X4 20X5

Revenue

Revenue

20X3 20X4 20X5

20X3 20X4 20X5

MaterialA
Material B
Material C

50
45
40 7
35 7
30
30 OUTPUTS
Exponential (OUTPUTS)
25
Linear (OUTPUTS)
20 Costs
Linear (Costs)
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 Linear (Costs)
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

with cell A 210

elect locked
 2 5
3 6
4 7
#REF!

oint and no intersection

OR 299 cell A300

r time is not enough or we put negative sign with date or time

 100

5 8

Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6

Product Jan Feb March April May

B
C
D
Total

ear from home tab

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