Essay Questions: Coursework Assignment 1 – the Essay Plan

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An individual cannot be called an entrepreneur unless they are innovative. Discuss

 Ahmad, N. and R. G. Seymour (2008), "Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions
Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection", OECD Statistics Working Papers, No. 2008/01,
OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/243164686763
 ***Henrekson, M & Stenkula, P. (2016) Chapter 3: What is entrepreneurship? Chapter 4:
Entrepreneurship – Some further distinctions, in Understanding Entrepreneurship: Definition,
Function & Policy. Studentlitteratur, pp.27-74.
 Henrekson, M., & Sanandaji, T. (2014). Small business activity does not measure
entrepreneurship. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(5), 1760-1765.
 Ricketts, M. (2008). Theories of entrepreneurship: Historical development and critical
assessment, in eds. Basu, A., Casson, M, Wadeson, N and Yeung, B. The Oxford Handbook
of Entrepreneurship, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0002
 ***Parker, S. (2009) Chapter 1: Introduction, in The Economics of Entrepreneurship.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.1-28.
 ***Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of
research. Academy of management review, 25(1), 217-226.

To what extent does social entrepreneurship differ from commercial entrepreneurship?

 ***Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei‐Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial
entrepreneurship: same, different, or both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1-
22.
 Bridge, S. & O’Neill, K (2013) Chapter 7: Social Enterprise and the Third Sector in
Understanding Enterprise: Entrepreneurship and Small Business. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan
 Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Tracey, P. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: A critique and future
directions. Organization Science, 22(5), 1203-1213.
 ***Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation,
prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44.
 Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept.
Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56-65.
 Peneder, M. (2009). The meaning of entrepreneurship: a modular concept. Journal of
Industry, Competition and Trade, 9(2), 77-99.

New venture creation is not a sufficient measure of entrepreneurship. Discuss

 ***Ahmad, N. and R. G. Seymour (2008), "Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions
Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection", OECD Statistics Working Papers, No. 2008/01,
OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/243164686763
 ***Henrekson, M & Stenkula, P. (2016) Chapter 4: Entrepreneurship – Some further
distinctions, Chapter 5: The Empirical Picture, in Understanding Entrepreneurship: Definition,
Function & Policy. Studentlitteratur, pp.51-102.
 Henrekson, M., & Sanandaji, T. (2014). Small business activity does not measure
entrepreneurship. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(5), 1760-1765.
 ***Parker, S. (2009) Chapter 1: Introduction, in The Economics of Entrepreneurship.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.1-28.
 Peneder, M. (2009). The meaning of entrepreneurship: a modular concept. Journal of
Industry, Competition and Trade, 9(2), 77-99.
 Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M. (2011). Entrepreneurship's next act. The Academy of Management
Perspectives, 25(4), 67-83
Entrepreneurship as a driver of economic growth. To what extent does the evidence support
the theories?
(N.B. Only choose this question if you have a good understanding of regression analysis).
 ***Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., Braunerhjelm, P., & Carlsson, B. (2012). Growth and
entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 39(2), 289–300.
 Bjørnskov, C., & Foss, N. (2013). How strategic entrepreneurship and the institutional context
drive economic growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 50-69.
 ***Henrekson, M & Stenkula, P. (2016) Chapter 7: The importance of entrepreneurship for
aggregate economic development, Chapter 8: Entrepreneurship in mainstream growth theory,
Chapter 9: The importance of entrepreneurship – The empirical evidence, in Understanding
Entrepreneurship: Definition, Function & Policy. Studentlitteratur, pp.121-161.
 Naudé, W. (2011). Entrepreneurship is Not a Binding Constraint on Growth and Development
in the Poorest Countries. World Development, 39(1), 33–44.
 Nightingale, P., & Coad, A. (2013). Muppets and gazelles: political and methodological biases
in entrepreneurship research. Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(1): 113–143.
 van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National
Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.
 Wennekers, S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth. Small
Business Economics, 13, 27–55.
 Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P., & Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic
growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335–350.

Are entrepreneurs more innovative than non-entrepreneurs?

 Acs, Z., & Audretsch, D. B. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and technological change.
Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 1–65. Working paper version available at
ftp://194.94.206.15/egp/discussionpapers/2005-21.pdf [last accessed 17/11/2014]
 Acs, Z. & Audretsch, D.B. (1988) Innovation in large and small firms, The American Economic
Review, 78(4):678-690.
 Brouwer, M. (1988) Commentary: Firm size and efficiency in innovation: Comment on van
Dijk et al. Small Business Economics. 11(4) 391-393
 ***Henrekson, M & Stenkula, P. (2016) Chapter 6: The role of entrepreneurship in the
competence structure, in Understanding Entrepreneurship: Definition, Function & Policy.
Studentlitteratur, pp.102-118.
 Nightingale, P., & Coad, A. (2013). Muppets and gazelles: political and methodological biases
in entrepreneurship research. Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(1): 113–143.
 Nooteboom, B. (1994). Innovation and diffusion in small firms: theory and evidence. Small
Business Economics, 6(5), 327-347.
 *** Parker, S. (2009). Chapter 10, The Economics of Entrepreneurship, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press.
 van Dijk, B., Den Hertog, R., Menkveld, B., & Thurik, R. (1997). Some new evidence on the
determinants of large-and small-firm innovation. Small Business Economics, 9(4), 335-343.
 *** van Praag, C. M., & Versloot, P. H. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A
review of recent research. Small Business Economics, 29(4), 351–382.
To what extent is entrepreneurship a driver of new job creation?
 ***Henrekson, M & Stenkula, P. (2016) Chapter 7: The importance of entrepreneurship for
aggregate economic development, in Understanding Entrepreneurship: Definition, Function &
Policy. Studentlitteratur, pp.121-1.
 ***Henrekson, M., & Johansson, D. 2010. Gazelles as job creators: a survey and
interpretation of the evidence. Small Business Economics, 35(2): 227–244.
 Nightingale, P., & Coad, A. (2013). Muppets and gazelles: political and methodological biases
in entrepreneurship research. Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(1): 113–143.
 Parker. S (2009) Chapter 10: Entrepreneurship, job creation and innovation, in The
Economics of Entrepreneurship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.117-119.
 *** van Praag, M., & Versloot, P. H. 2007. What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of
recent research. Small Business Economics, 29(4): 351–382.
 van Stel, A., & Storey, D. 2004. The Link between Firm Births and Job Creation: Is there a
Upas Tree Effect? Regional Studies, 38(8): 893–909.

To what extent does formal education pay off for entrepreneurs?

 Parker, S. (2009) Chapter 4: Evidence about the determinants of entrepreneurship, in The
Economics of Entrepreneurship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.117-119.
 ***Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and
entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341-
358.
 van der Sluis, J., Van Praag, M., & Vijverberg, W. (2008). Education and entrepreneurship
selection and performance: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of economic
surveys, 22(5), 795-841.
 ***van Praag, M., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Van der Sluis, J. (2013). The higher returns to
formal education for entrepreneurs versus employees. Small Business Economics, 40(2),
375-396.

 van Praag, M., & van Stel, A. 2012. The more business owners, the merrier? The role of
tertiary education. Small Business Economics, 41(2): 335–357.

Why are there less female entrepreneurs?

 ***Brush, C. (2008) Women entrepreneurs: A research overview in The Oxford Handbook of
Entrepreneurship. (eds.) Basu, A., Casson, M., Wadeson, N. & Yeung, B. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
 Carter, S. and Shaw, E. (2006) Women's business ownership: recent research and policy
developments, Report to the Small Business Service. Available at:
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121212135622/http://www.bis.gov.uk/
files/file38330.pdf [last accessed 17.11.2014]

 ***De Vita, L., Mari, M., & Poggesi, S. (2014). Women entrepreneurs in and from developing
countries: Evidences from the literature. European Management Journal, 32: 451–460.
 GEM (2017) 2016/17 Women's Report. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Available online at
http://gemconsortium.org/report/49860 [last accessed 23.10.2017]
 ***Koellinger, P., Minniti, M., & Schade, C. (2013) Gender differences in entrepreneurial
propensity. Oxford Bulletin of Statistics and Economics, 75(2), 213-234.
 Minniti, M. & Naudé, W. (2010) What Do We Know About The Patterns and Determinants of
Female Entrepreneurship Across Countries?. European Journal of Development Research,
22(3), 277-293.
 ***Poggesi, S., Mari, M. and De Vita, L., 2016. What’s new in female entrepreneurship
research? Answers from the literature. International Entrepreneurship and Management
Journal, 12(3), pp.735-764.
 Parker, S. (2009). Chapters 6. The Economics of Entrepreneurship, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press.