PROTON a _ CLASS 12" Today’s Goal J Sn Lie ce Ca Sac ee Vulva/Pudendum/ External genitalia (+nt in Pelvic LS) Sar) sa a alae % _ ts uaa CME CuCl cee (Gas y nae ud Le Corel Ru oc a f d. Clitoris - (homologous to glans penis in males): ‘ew If ae tht e. Hymen (if still present) De ae enter t| a fans cae etna TT Ta ate oL0) Re oM Ualooe SAC elses Saaremaa SO) Ta emu ee aeRO Cera Vulva/Pudendum/ External genitalia iss) Onis aa = ——Latty 3544 i eeaere Oa OPC fae ad Cyn ac eee tc) scotia Sree Mammary Glands- & = Mammary glands is a |modified apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) gland that produces milk. = Mammary glands attach with|pactoralis major muscles through cooper’s ligaments. use Cum cd Cer em) = In_each lobe are several smaller compartments called lobules, composed of grape like clusters of milk-secreting Pa eet) Giveoli |small cavities). Pee um adi ees ama eM ee elm Ld lobes to the exterior Py xtan) omy ont Tian) Sing site aXcerncs ee eee hee iN a a ee Se gen De ee oe cies 9 Hazen a Perea Bn aad eee a 4 Geir San nro a / Lactation- 3) Se UMMC LCS mC Ms yall le Cte Crs elec Runes ele Sener) CDE UC Re Curries ues d Pyle ya rycen) and Lactogenic hormone ((PRL) & ins Oe Milk secretion/formation hormone = Prolactin (A. pituitary) Paha Me ee esate CAN icla} ao RD ON aia The principal stimulus in maintaining prolactin secretion during @ lactation is the|sucking actionJof the infant. SI Cay Betaso rorya | WS eG are Toit) / a , ican on Casein- rich (Milk protein) Coat va a clue ied (fica Minerals (Na, K, P, Ca) ~ Poor Fe+t % ATs by eeu ene ora =~ Inhibitory peptides 4 (ETc ute Are itecKo muscles Un i on lactation (6 month) — (PRL- Inhibit GnRH) JIBIO! mammary glands are in’ of the oviduct called ampulla. The last part of the oviduct, isthmus has anarrow lun dd it joins the uteru: The uter Je and it is also called womb. The shape of the uterus is like an inverted pear. It is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvi wall. The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix. The cavity of led cervical canal (Figure 3.3b) which alongwith vagina , The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth le, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that uterine cavity. The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes dur menstrual cycle while the myometrium exhibi ng contraction during delivery of the baby The female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris (Figure 3.3a). Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair. The labia majora are fleshy folds of t e, which extend down from the mons put ind surround the vaginal opening. The labia minora are paired folds of tissue under the labia majora. The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen. The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening. The hymen is often torn during the first coitus (intercourse). However, it can also be broken by a sudden fall or jolt, insertion of a vaginal tampon, active participatior in some sports like horseback riding, cycling, etc. In some 1en the hyme persists even after coitus. In fact, the presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience A functional mammary gland is char istic of all femal The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) t jandular tissue and variable amount of fat. The glandular ti east is divided into(15-20 mammary lobes opntaining clusters of cells called alveoli (Figure 3.4). The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of alveoli. The alveoli open into mamn mules The tubules of each lobe join to form {mammary duct. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary-ampulla Which is connected to lactiferous duct through which m: sucked out The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation du nancy E ing milk towards the end of pregnancy by alled(actation. This helps the mother in fe the new ed during the initial few days of lactation colostrum)which contains several antibodies absolutely essential t¢ develop resistance for the new-born babies. Breast-feeding during the al period of infant growth mmended by doctors for bringing up Pee eRe ee ee) (EN Ureratcy (eel i Q (ONY elena Amat Rl Cat (oid cd (A) Urinary Bladder (B) Rectum (D) VaginaWhich of the following is a finger like structure Caer suse tate R aU CRE IE) MDE euceicee Cull td (A) Clitoris (8) Oviduct (Orr (D) Chorionic villi team eee dle (A) Mammary duct (B) Mammary ampulla (C)__Lactiferous duct (D) Areola Path of milk in mammary glands is (A) Pete ete eee UCC eee UC ee CCA lL (CC ee ce ome ara ees cat eee ta (C)_ Mammary tubules Mammary ampulla > Mammary duct > Lactiferous duct {D)°) Mammary tubules Mammary duct > Mammary Ampulla > Lactiferous duct Suckling of nipples by the newborn or the sight/cry of Drier l ry (Vom eee lca (CS estos cuban eno tg (C)__ Release of prolactin from the foetal pituitary (D)”)) Release of prolactin from the maternal pituitary