Avtotsophic Components Floatin submerged. Plan | +(socamerd) a om 5 wimming and O.- dwelling plants f Fungi Bactezia Flagellates [ StwatiPication | e Nextical distzibut on enumesation of plant of difPexent Species and animal species 3 occupying aippeveaks Of Aan ecosystem gives levels ts ca\t i ea its Species Combosition. StyatibicPaoductivity The zate of biomass psoduction isd feoductivity- Expsessed in teams of - x Weight > 9>? ya! a Enexgy~(k cal m-2) y~! Amount of Biomas Rate of Poxmation O08 OFganic y of nevus Og anic Produced her Matter by Consumers. ABea Ovex a Posiod of imefey plants ae Oe: in teams of+ Primasy Psoduchvity aze of two types - ? 4- Goss Paimary Psoductivity > Rate of ‘ Pzoduction Of oxganic matter dosing Photo s esis: 2 NET Pzimasy Pyoductvity > Available biomass fow Consumption te hetexotsopbhs. nto NPP Net Paimary Pu eductivity GPP > Gross Primaxy Productivity R- Respization Loses Detwitus Defeitus Hummus Bactevial g Detvitivores Fongol. Enzymes Smallex F 3 : Lnoxganic | Paw ticles Simple etd ae nutsients —Goouou Substance | eo Serene aerate watew Soluble inoxganic Accumulation of daxk nutsients get puecipitated Coloured amoxbhous AS Unanailable salts. Substance Humusly Resistant to Mic vidal in Natuve ' Voi of nutwients. : RELoMpasition —> Complex ozgani Re 7. like CO2, H20 and n . Enewgy ashe SUN): is the only arin of Energy Rox af the Ecosyste Eaxth- (except deeb Se DROTHERMAL ecosystem) INCIDEN Gorn. RADIATION (100%) Phatosginen QO Absozbed by Active Radiatoe (PAR) gases] water [less tf sor] Nabouss » veflected by clouds» ae | Scatresed by ees | dust Pasticles Cap’ in Photosynthesis | (Moxe than Primary Productvity) ee ]-))e le Pain ay = fp Productivity (NPP) (0-8-4 7.) + Enexgy Flow follows -» Law of the Feoa chars] 47 * Grazing Food chain GQzass ————> ~Goat &, Man (Poduces) pear (Second axy Consy, Consumer) ij iL Fee, Feed on a BS Primary ConSumess e ao. OE Begins with Made ub of Decombosexs Dead oO ic ae rs M a ——— & Secvete digestive Enzyme that break < down dead and waste Matesials into Simple O®ganic material. Fungi, aclexicAquatic Ecosystem Tessestaial Ecosystem V v Aazing Food chain Detzitus Food chain (Fc) is the (DEC) is the major Majow Conduit: Conduit- + A much lax theough gee Fraction o f enes few’ the DRC than ad £ through is ec: °© Food Web -+> Intex connection of Paéd chains e Tophic level » Osganism occupy a Speufic Place in food cham - Examples Tevitas Feo ae trop hea Man, Sion Consumer (Tob casnisioee) u . . Secondaxy Thisd tBoppic Level Bizds, Fishes Consumes ( Cassy o xe) wolf * Primary Sedord tobhic Devel Zooplankton, Consumer CHExbivoxe) Giasshobbes, ” cow ay Bisst twophic Level Phytoplankton Producer (Plants) Gass, Trees 4b Standing Cxob —> Each trophic level has a cestain mass of living material at a Partcvlay tme.-Ibis measuzed as the mass o O¥ the numbey in a unit avea. fe Ecological Pyxamids: T aa fp living Organisms Ecosystem Ecological Pyxamids Pyxamid of | Pywarnid of | Pyramid of NUMBER | BIOMASS | ENERGY (Amoynt of Always upzight liting matter Jas Plow o energy expressed as iS unidixectional weight) fom Produces to Consumer level: onl lo} of energy of Previous trophic level is received by next twobhic levet- | & ¥G 3 Te rs Tc J los xo Sc 3)54,000} ¢¢ in Se loos re? oo Pe Beas PC 35 Pc 1,000 ef 2 pp SiB42 4p 804 rr \O,000F \ ooh pee \,000,000 5 of Sunlight UPRIGHT | UPRIGHT UPRIGHT Rag RY yet sx | UPRIGHT UPRIGHT ooh Pc yal € PP 4 Invertedos Secondarx Succe S Sion Succession (Latex) CFoumes) ; oy Eg. newly Cooled lava, baze rock, newly Ceeated pond: Esere} — Entive Sequence of comrfUnities th at Successively change i iven avea- => Individu Dea (SERAL STAGES > com ies. XERARCH SUCCESSION 4$ Standing ae — The amount of nutat Pzesent in Soil at any given +imeXERARCH SUCCESSION Phytoplankton Eee, Submesged Plant Stage Red- Swa Stage L [Forest] bey Sowmub Mazsh- Meadow pee ca Stage Ry 6a h SUCCESSION Phytoplankton —>[ Free Rooted hydzobhytes[aaseous) Resexvoiy- Atmospheve Resesyois- Ear Eq. Nitzogen Cycle, E-g- Sulbhux Caxbon Cycle Phosb +E Function of the Resexvois > M deficit which occurs due to i influx and € FPlux. CARBON CEARBON CHeLE ) oS Cazbon o ee occuss, w®. atmosbheve, ocean a though 69 and dead Oxganisms. Most of the coe ixed by plants during ynthesis and returns +o atmosphez efi ay of C02 during zespixation. Busning of Foo Fowest five and coma of osganic ghatter » fossil Poel and Volcanic activity e“Gthes Sources of zeleasing C02 e atmosbheve. + Cazbo onstitvies -uq 7 of day eee .4l jpetavbon is dissolved in Oceans. the process of hotContain phosphowus in the Poxm of OM Weathesing: minute amount of dissolve in soil Solution and abs oot of plants: The waste pzoducté Oxqanisms aze decombosed b welease Phosphozus: (naseous S between “ozganism and envi e negligible as Combawed 0 GAB [Eexeoeess] < —Sfrodocne] san : ae, Soil Solution fica eeEco System Sewvices Healthy Ecosystem ave the base fora wide Tange o economic, envizonmental and ASthetic goods and Sexvices+ The pwoduct of Ecosystem psocesses ave known as Ecosystem sezvice: 4 Sewuices fox Healthy Ecosystems — * Pusification of aix and water * Mitigation of dwoughts and floods- “ Cycling of Nutsients- © Grenezation of Fextile Soils. © Providing habitat to wildlife © Pollination of Crops: ® To provide Storage Site fox Cazxbon - ® Psoviding aesthetic »cultuxal and Spivitval Nalues e The aNlesage paice tag of these ecosy stem Sewvices is estimated fo be US 4 33 trillion annually. © This is neaz twice the Nalue of the glob ab gzoss national product GNP (the us 2 18 tzillion) ® The calcvilation ovt o the total j Ecosystem Sewvices- ee i A aos © Soil Posmation accounts fox about Soe panei Seavices C a ih = Reczeation for about lo: of these sexuices. « Netaient cycling About loy: of them - The cost of Climate beJulation and habitat davk apbproy ¢ } each: