DATA AND RESULTS

PART 1:
TABLE 8.1:
Location of Location of
Mass of
200-g 200-g Percentage
Trials counterweight
(Experimental (Theoretical) Error (%)
(g)
) (cm) (cm)

1 50 8.9 8.75 1.71

2 100 17.8 17.5 1.71

3 150 26.6 26.25 1.33

4 200 35 35 0

5 250 44 43.75 0.57

PART 2:
EXPERIMENTAL MASS OF UNKNOWN MASS: _86g__
THEORETICAL MASS OF UNKNOWN MASS: _89.29g_
PERCENTAGE ERROR (%): _3.68__
 COMPUTATION

PART 1:

THEORETICAL RADIUS
r2 =
����
��
| r = radius (cm) | m = mass (g)

(���)(����)
50g r2 = = 8.75 cm
����

(����)(����)
100g r2 = = 17.5 cm
����

(����)(����)
150g r2 = = 26.25 cm
����

(����)(����)
200g r2 = = 35cm
����

(����)(����)
250g R2 = = 43.75cm
����

PERCENTAGE ERROR
������������� − ������������
%=| | × ��� | r = radius (cm)
������������

�.��� − �.����
| �.����
| � ��� = 1.71%

��.��� − ��.���
| | � ��� = 1.71%
��.���

��.��� − ��.����
| ��.����
| � ��� = 1.33%

���� − ����
| ����
| � ��� = 0%

���� − ��.����
| ��.����
| � ��� = 0.57%
 PART 2:

THEORETICAL MASS
�� �� + �� (�� + �� ) − �� (�� + �� )
m3 =
��
| r = radius (cm) | m = mass (g)

(���)(����) + ����(���� + ����) − ����(���� + ���)

m3 =
����
��� + ���� − ����
m3 =
��
����
m3 =
��
m3 = 89.29 g

PERCENTAGE ERROR
������������� − �������������
%=| | × ��� | m = mass (g)
�������������

���− ��.���
%=| ��.���
| � ��� = 3.68%
 ANALYSIS

THIS EXPERIMENT EXPLORES THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

TORQUE AND COUNTERBALANCE MASS, AND THE DATA OBTAINED FROM THE

TRIALS IS THOROUGHLY ANALYZED. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IS TO INVESTIGATE

HOW TORQUE VARIES WITH THE MASS OF THE COUNTERWEIGHT. THE RESULTS ARE

PRESENTED IN TABLE 8.1, DETAILING THE EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL

VALUES ALONG WITH THE CALCULATED PERCENTAGE ERRORS.

ANALYZING PART 1, TABLE 8.1 REVEALS A CONSISTENT TREND ACROSS THE TRIALS.

THE “LOCATION OF 200-g (THEORETICAL)” AND “LOCATION OF 200-g”

(EXPERIMENTAL) VALUES DEMONSTRATE A REMARKABLE SIMILARITY, SUGGESTING

A HIGH LEVEL OF ACCURACY AND ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THEORETICAL

PREDICTIONS AND PRACTICAL OUTCOMES. THE PERCENTAGE ERRORS, A KEY

INDICATOR OF EXPERIMENTAL PRECISION, ARE CONSISTENTLY LOW, EMPHASIZING

THE RELIABILITY OF THE COLLECTED DATA. NOTABLY TRIALS 4 AND 5 EXHIBIT

MINIMAL PERCENTAGE ERRORS, INDICATING A NEAR ALMOST-PERFECT MATCH

BETWEEN THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALUES. THIS PATTERN OF LOW

PERCENTAGE ERRORS ACROSS ALL TRIALS STRENGTHENS THE EXPERIMENT'S

CREDIBILITY AND THE ACCURACY OF THE TORQUE CALCULATIONS.

THE EXPERIMENT VALIDATES THE BASIC LAWS OF TORQUE, ASSERTING THAT

TORQUE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE APPLIED FORCE, WHICH IS

REPRESENTED BY THE COUNTERBALANCE MASS IN THIS CASE. THE STRONG

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MASS OF THE COUNTERWEIGHT AND THE RESULTING

TORQUE IS EVIDENT THROUGHOUT THE TRIALS. THIS ALIGNMENT WITH THEORETICAL

EXPECTATIONS ENHANCES THE EXPERIMENT'S VALIDITY AND UNDERSCORES THE

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF TORQUE PHYSICS.

FURTHERMORE, THE THEORETICAL RADIUS CALCULATIONS AND PERCENTAGE

ERRORS FOR EACH TRIAL ARE SYSTEMATICALLY PRESENTED. THE THEORETICAL

�� � �
RADIUS (R2) IS COMPUTED USING THE FORMULA R2 = ��
WHERE R REPRESENTS

THE RADIUS AND M DENOTES THE MASS. THE PERCENTAGE ERROR (%)

� ������������ − � �����������
AFOREMENTIONED, CALCULATED AS | | × ��� , FURTHER
� �����������

QUANTIFIES THE ACCURACY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. THE CONSISTENTLY

LOW PERCENTAGE ERRORS INDICATE THAT THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUES CLOSELY

MIRROR THE THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS, REINFORCING THE EXPERIMENT'S

SUCCESS IN ACCURATELY DEPICTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TORQUE AND

COUNTERBALANCE MASS.
IN PART 2, THE EXPERIMENT DIVES INTO THE CALCULATION OF THE THEORETICAL

�� �� + �� (�� + ��) − �� (�� + �� )

MASS (M3) USING THE USUAL FORMULA M3 = WHERE
��

M REPRESENTS MASS AND R DENOTES RADIUS. THE THEORETICAL MASS IS THEN

COMPARED TO THE EXPERIMENTAL MASS, AND THE PERCENTAGE ERROR IS

CALCULATED. THE ANALYSIS REVEALS A PERCENTAGE ERROR OF 3.68%, INDICATING

A SMALL DEVIATION BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL MASS

VALUES. THIS MINOR DISCREPANCY MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO EXPERIMENTAL

UNCERTAINTIES OR VARIATIONS IN MEASUREMENT PRECISION.

THIS EXPERIMENT ON TORQUE AND COUNTERBALANCE MASS PROVIDES A

COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP. THE DATA NOT

ONLY CONFIRMS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF TORQUE PHYSICS BUT ALSO

HIGHLIGHTS THE EXPERIMENT'S RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY THROUGH

CONSISTENTLY LOW PERCENTAGE ERRORS. THE STRONG AGREEMENT BETWEEN

THEORETICAL EXPECTATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOMES UNDERSCORES THE

SUCCESS OF THE EXPERIMENT IN ACCURATELY PORTRAYING THE CONNECTION

BETWEEN TORQUE AND COUNTERBALANCE MASS. OVERALL, THIS INVESTIGATION

CONTRIBUTES EMPIRICAL SUPPORT TO THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF TORQUE

PHYSICS, REAFFIRMING THE DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COUNTERWEIGHT

MASS AND APPLIED TORQUE IN ROTATIONAL MOTION.

 CONCLUSION

THE AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT IS TO DETERMINE HOW TORQUE AND

COUNTERBALANCE MASS RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER. THE TORQUE PROVIDED TO

THE SYSTEM INCREASES WITH THE MASS OF THE COUNTERWEIGHT. THIS

CONNECTION IS CONSISTENT WITH THE BASIC LAWS OF TORQUE, WHICH STATE THAT

TORQUE IS EXACTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE APPLIED FORCE, IN THIS EXAMPLE,

WEIGHT. WHEN COMPARING THE "LOCATION OF 200-G (THEORETICAL)" AND

"LOCATION OF 200-G (EXPERIMENTAL)" VALUES, IT CAN BE SEEN THAT THE

THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS AND THE PRACTICAL RESULTS ARE RATHER SIMILAR.

THE THEORETICAL MODEL AND THE ACTUAL DATA SHOW GOOD AGREEMENT, AS

EVIDENCED BY THE MINOR PERCENTAGE ERRORS IN THE "PERCENTAGE ERROR

(%)" COLUMN. THIS SUGGESTS THAT BOTH THE THEORETICAL EXPECTATIONS AND

THE EXPERIMENT'S HIGH LEVEL OF ACCURACY WERE MET.

TRIALS 4 AND 5 (0% AND 0.006%) IN PARTICULAR HAD MINIMAL PERCENTAGE

MISTAKES, WHICH HIGHLIGHT THE EXPERIMENT'S ACCURACY. THE EXCELLENT

ACCURACY OF THE TORQUE COMPUTATIONS IS DEMONSTRATED BY THE GOOD

MATCH BETWEEN THE ACTUAL AND THEORETICAL VALUES. IT APPEARS THAT THE

LINK BETWEEN TORQUE AND COUNTERBALANCE MASS HOLDS TRUE FOR THE

DURATION OF THE EXPERIMENT SINCE THE % ERRORS ARE CONSISTENT

THROUGHOUT ALL TRIALS. THE EXPERIMENT'S RESULTS ARE MORE RELIABLE

BECAUSE OF THIS REPEATING TREND.

TO SUM UP, THIS EXPERIMENT ON TORQUE PHYSICS HAS BROUGHT LIGHT ON THE

LINK BETWEEN TORQUE AND MASS. THE DATA CONFIRMS THE BASIC PRINCIPLES

OF PHYSICS BY SHOWING A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MASS OF THE

COUNTERWEIGHT AND THE APPLIED TORQUE. THE REMARKABLE LEVEL OF

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

HIGHLIGHTS THE EXPERIMENT'S RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY. THIS EXPERIMENT

ALSO PROVIDES EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF

TORQUE PHYSICS BY DEMONSTRATING THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF TORQUE IN

ROTATIONAL MOTION.

IN CONCLUSION (PART 2), MASS (M3) WAS CALCULATED 3.68% DIFFERENCE WAS

NOTED WHEN COMPARED WITH EXPERIMENT MASS WHICH CAN BE ASCRIBED TO

UNCERTAINTIES OF EXPERIMENTS OR MEASUREMENT IMPRECISION. REGARDLESS,

THE EXPERIENCE GAVE AN EXTENSIVE APPRECIATION OF TORQUE AS IT RELATES

TO THE COUNTERBALANCE MASS. CONSISTENT LOW PERCENTAGE ERRORS SHOWED

THAT THE STUDY IS RELIABLE AND ACCURATE CONFIRMING SOME BASIC

PRINCIPLES OF TORQUE PHYSICS. THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THEORY AND

EMPIRICAL FINDINGS POINTS OUT THAT THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EXPERIMENT

DEPICTS APPROPRIATELY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COUNTERWEIGHT MASS

AND APPLIED TORQUE UNDER ROTATIONAL MOTION. OVERALL, IT PROVIDES

RELEVANT EMPIRICAL BACKING FOR THE SCIENTIFIC BASES OF TORQUE THEORY,

AS IT CONFIRMS THAT SUCH A RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN COUNTERWEIGHT

MASS AND APPLIED TORQUES.