CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Life changes very quickly so people do not know what knowledge will be needed for

students in the near future. Many scientist argued that is better to “know how” than “to know what”.

Hungarian mathematician (George, Polya). The knowledge about any subject consist of information

and or know – how. If they have experience of mathematical work on any level, there will be no doubt

in their mind that ,in mathematics, know – how is more important than mere possessions of

information .

Learners are using early math skills throughout their daily routines and activities. This is

good news as these skills are important for being ready for school. But early math does not mean

taking out the calculator during playtime. Even before they start school, most children develop an

understanding of addition and subtraction through everyday interaction. Other math skills introduced

through daily routines they share with their child- counting steps as they go up or down. Math skills

are just one part of a larger web of skills that children are developing in the early year – including

language skills, physical kills, and social skills. Each of these skills areas is dependent on and

influences the others.

Business is always surrounded with challenges which need to be dealt with in a proper

fashion so that they do not arise in future. These problems that occur on a daily basis can effectively

solved with the help of mathematical skills.

Management in business areas and organization activities are the acts of getting people together to

accomplish desired goals and objectives and effectively. It includes all aspects of overseeing and

supervising business operation.

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 Experience says learning mathematics can be made easier and enjoyable if the curriculum

include mathematical activities and games. Math puzzles and riddles encourage and attract an alert and

open minded attitude among youngster and help them develop clarity in their thinking. Mathematics is

an important of managing business. Business and mathematics go hand in hand this is because

business deals with money and money encompasses everything in itself. There is a need for everyone

manages money as some point or the other to take decisions which requires everyone to know

mathematics. Business mathematics is used by commercial enterprises to record and manage business

operation. In order to known a business requires skills more than the developing a product or

providing a service.

Mathematics is the cradle of all creations, without which the world cannot move in inch. be it a

cook or a farmer , a carpenter or a mechanic , a shopkeeper or doctor, an engineer etc., everyone needs

mathematics in our day-to-day life.

Therefore this study aims to determine the relation of mathematical skills in learning business

management in order to develop ABM students. This study will determine the importance of

mathematical skills in achieving the desired competencies among ABM students.

Conceptual Framework

Mathematics is a subject that pervades life at any age and in any circumstances. Thus, is value

goes beyond the classroom and the school. Mathematics must be learned comprehensively and with

much depth. According to Scriven and Paul (2007) is the intellectually disciplined process of actively

and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing synthesizing, and evaluating information gather

from the generated by observation experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication as a guide to

belief and action.

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 The two goals are to be achieved with an organized and vigorous curriculum content, a well-

defined set of high-level skills and process, desirable values and attitude and appropriate tool. Statistic

and probability as a strand is all about developing skills in collecting and organizing data using charts,

tables, and graphs, understanding, and analyzing and interpreting data.

Independent Dependent
Variables
Variables
Mathematical Skills in
Development Learning Business
Management

Figure1. Paradigm showing the relationship between the Independent and Dependent variables.

The figure shows the dependent variable and independent variable. The independent is

Mathematical skills in learning Business Management and the dependent variable is Development. It

shows the relationship between the two variables.

Mathematics is an important part of managing business. It is used by commercial enterprises to

record and manage business operations. There is real- life application of almost every form of

mathematics. It does not mean that every student will use piece of mathematics that they learn, but it

does not mean that ABM student can show them on how it can that bit of mathematics to understand

and explain around us.

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine mathematical skills in Business Management which

have a relation to the development of ABM students.

Specifically. it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:

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 a. Age

b. Gender

2. Is there a significant relationship between mathematical skills and development of ABM

students

Hypotheses

The study is guided by the following hypotheses:

1. There is a significant relationship between mathematical skills and development of ABM

students

2. There is a significant effect of mathematical skills in Business Management to the

development of ABM students

Scope and Delimitation

The study aims to assess the mathematical skills in Business Management that can help ABM

students to improve their mathematical skills in Business Management that can help them for their

mastery and also to enhance their skills in managing a business . There will be thirty (30) Senior High

School ABM students who will serve as the respondent of the study using a questionnaire in

Calaoagan Dackel National High School Year 2018-2019.

Significance of the Study

This study is considered significant because it focuses on determining the possible

mathematical skills effective for the improvement of Business Management to the development of

ABM students.

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 The findings of this study will be useful to the ABM students in order for them to have a

better skills regarding in Business Management that would help them to increase their mathematical

skills.

This study will contribute knowledge to the teachers for them to share to students on how to

improve their skills not just in Business Management but to others.

This study will provide to researchers to have a better improvement in their skills what is

really importance of Business Management and what mathematical skills is effective . This study is

beneficial especially the researchers who are ABM students.

Finally, future researchers would benefit from this study because it will provide them vital

information related to researches which have bearing to this study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are operationally defined for further understanding of the study.

Mathematical skills is math skills that are just one part of a large web of skills that children are

developing in the early years-including language skills physical skills, and social skills . Each of these

skills areas is dependent on and influences the others.

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Business management is a management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts

of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives and effectively; it comprises

planning organizing, staffing, leading or directing.

Competency-based learning is refers to system of instruction, assessment, grading, and academic

reporting that are based on students demonstrating that they have learned the knowledge and skills

they are expected to learn as they progress through their education. The general goal of competency-

based learning is to ensure that students are acquiring the knowledge and skills that are deemed to be

essential to success in school, higher education, careers, and adult life.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section has included varied sources of materials that were viewed in relation to the

investigation. The topics were hereby presented to provide a better background and insights of the

present investigation.

Mathematical Skills

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 This small-scales action research study examines the students’ ability in using their

mathematical skills when performing order of operations in numerical expression. the “ hierarch-of-

operators triangle” ( Ameis 2011) was introduce as an alternative BODMAS approach to help students

in gaining a better understanding behind the concept of the order of operations. Mixed method research

design was adopted for this study. Data were collected and analyzed from the students’ pre-and post-

test scores as well as from the interviews. Comparisons of the scores showed positive progress and

greater improvement in the students’ performance also in the last decades issues of disadvantage and

mathematics is particularly recognised as a major problem in schools serving disadvantages

communities in South Africa (Mkhabel, 2007).

According to Chumark ( 2016). The main objective of this was to study the development of

basic mathematical skills in preschool children by using plasticized clay a pre-test and post-test design

was adopted for the study to compare the difference before and after the art activity. The experimental

group of 15 preschool children of 3-4 year old attending kindergarten 1 during the school year of 2015;

were selected based on heir low grade in basic mathematical skills.

According to Altay (2017), connecting mathematics to real life scale which is developed by the

researchers, used as the data collection tool of his study. In this scale, students are provided with real

life situations and then asked to connect these situations with mathematical concepts. During the data

analysis the responses of students examined in detail and subsequently general categories which

identify students’ mathematical levels of connecting were defined. . According to the National

Association for Education of Young Children, the math skills that students learn at a young age build a

foundation for future learning and can be a good indicator of whether or not young people will be able

to meet and overcome new challenges as they mature. “Mastery of early math skills predicts not only

future math achievement, it also predicts future reading achievement.

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 On the other hand, many adults who need an understanding of statistical concept have limited

mathematical skills. They need a teaching approach that includes as a little mathematical context as

possible. Iterative participatory qualitative research was used to develop a statistical literacy course for

adult learners informed by teaching in traditional firs year university courses. The latter learners in

particular regularly come across confidence interval and statistical significance in their everyday

reading (Forbes, 2014)

Business Management

Misra (2016) the authors discuss a curriculum integration effort that a school of business

piloted recently this effort was aimed at integrating the core function (finance, marketing, management

and operations) so that undergraduate students would better appreciate the full impact of functional

decisions on each other and in achieving the corporation’s business objectives. The authors deployed a

webbed integration model in which a business case was used to highlight the impact of a functional

decision on the other functions.

According to the National Association for Education of Young Children, the math skills that

students learn at a young age build a foundation for future learning and can be a good indicator of

whether or not young people will be able to meet and overcome new challenges as they mature.

“Mastery of early math skills predicts not only future math achievement, it also predicts future reading

achievement.

With the development of the social economic conditions, society has great change to the ability

of the business management major students compare with the past, which requires colleges and

universities to reform the teaching process. Combined with the relevant requirements of the projects

of training the talents of management major, we reform the management course system from the

course setting to the teaching materials from the teaching content to the design of practice from the

teaching methods to the teaching method. (Ao-tian, 2017)

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 Haij (2017) with the rapid development of social economy and the ever upgrading of

information technology, companies are facing more complicated system in electric business

management and more factors need to be considered.

Learning Business Management

Organizational learning is currently broadly acknowledge as a strategic resource from

improving organizational competitiveness and since the topics of research with most projection in the

discipline strategic management. (Sanchez, 2008)

According to Devita (2007) this article examines the learning style profile exhibited by

students in a multicultural class of international Business Management and how cultural conditioning

is reflected in the learning style preferences of home and international students and also this study aims

to produce models yielding characters building and discipline in learning Business plan to implement

The Six project based learning and character building. This study uses approach from Borg and held

on Entrepreneurial class Malang. Data collection techniques by observation, interview, the question

sheet and brainstorming. Analysis techniques to students character percentage, character building

models with brainstorming, mastery with mastery percentage. The brainstorming academics result in

education teacher management business, 5 entrepreneurs and practitioners to the characters building

model integrated learning management business. (Sonhadji, 2016).

Development of Mathematical Skills

According to Calderon (2016) this study investigates the role of broad cognitive processes in

the Development of Mathematical Skills among children and adolescents. Four hundred and forty

seven students from elementary school district in the US southwest participated. Structural equation

modelling tests indicated that calculation complexity was predicted by long-term retrieval and working

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memory; calculation fluency was predicted by perceptual processing speed, phonetic coding, and

visual processing, problem solving was predicted by fluid reasoning, crystallised knowledge, working

memory, and perceptual processing speed.

Lehr, Simone (2016) this study investigates the longer-term associations of preschool quality

with the development of mathematical skills during elementary school, taking into account early and

subsequent learning environments at home and elementary school.

The present research aims to assess to conventional teaching procedures in the development of

mathematical skills of the students with learning difficulties. The study group was made up of all the

children with academic learning disorders in KSA. The researcher questions have been scrutinized

from the averages and the standard deviation of the marks scored by the participants in the test and

control group. The outcomes of the study show that the conventional teaching procedures have effects

on mathematical skills development (Alenizi, 2017).

In addition, this study is the most crucial numerical factors to the development of mathematical

skills among children Aunio (2016), a series of analyses of test batteries designed to measure the

development of mathematical skills in children yielded results in support of this construct.

To sum it up, management is a very important skill to be learned and to be mastered in order to

have a better lifestyle, because so many important business decisions are made on the basis of

numbers, students need to learn how to analyze data and think critically about facts and figures. In

order to known a business it requires skill more than developing a product or providing a service. If a

business has to survive and succeed it needs to look after the finances and make necessary arrangement

for it to prosper as well.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Chapter Three consists of three parts: (1) Purpose of the study and Research Design, (2)

Methodology, and (3) Data Analysis Procedure. Part one, Purpose of the study Research Design,

restates the purpose of the study, describes in the investigation. Part Two, Methodology, describes the

subjects, the instrument and the research procedure employed in the study. Part Three, Data Analysis

Procedures, describes the statistical tools.

Purpose of the Study and Research Design

This study examines the significance of mathematical skills in learning business management

in relation to the development of ABM students of Calaoagan Dackel National High School.

This study will be conducted using Qualitative Research Design, which is the questionnaire.

The study took a Qualitative Approach because it is based on variable that include people’s thinking

and point-of –view. Qualitative Research is used to determine the significance of mathematical skills

in learning business management in relation to the development of ABM students.

Methods and Techniques Used

The researcher uses probability sampling techniques in choosing the samples from a

population. A simple random sampling will be utilized in selecting thee participant of the study

because in every number of the population will be given equal opportunity to be in the sample. With

this technique, it is guaranteed that the gathering of data will be unbiased.

Population and Samples

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 The respondents of the study will be students of ABM students of Calaoagan Dackel National

High School (CDNHS). The respondent will be taken in total enumeration. The sample of this study

will be selected using random sampling techniques

Instrument of the Study

There are two instruments that will be utilized to obtain information from the students’

respondents. The first one will be the descriptive survey questionnaire. This statistical tool will be used

to determine the demographic profile of students. Checklist will also be used as the second statistical

tool which was adopted from the study of Camarao (2010). This tool will be designed to determine the

ABM students’ mathematical skills in business management.

Data Gathering Procedure

A written permission is secured to the office of the School principal of Calaoagan Dackel

National High School. When the permission will be granted, the researcher will arrange corresponding

appointment from the students and requested them to conduct persona interview in the area.

The researcher will personally administer the giving and retrieval questionnaire to elicit further

reliable data and additional information. ABM students will be completed the form to obtain basic

demographic information about them along with the study instrument.

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