Relevance of Mathematics in Choosing ABM Strand

Among Incoming Grade 11 Students

This study focuses on the Relevance of Mathematics in Choosing ABM Strand

AmongIncoming Grade 11 Students. It especially seeks to respond to the ensuing queries.

1. What is the respondents’ socio-demographic profile in terms of:

a. age; and
b. gender?

2. What are the students’ achievement level in mathematics?

3. What are the teachers’ factors?

4. What perspective do students have toward mathematics?

5. What are the behaviors/attitudes does students’ have towards mathematics?

6. What recommendation can be drawn based on the results/findings?

A. Socio-demographic Profile

Instruction: Please indicate by checking on what applies to you.

a.1 Age

( ) 13-14 ( ) 15-18 ( ) 19-21

a.2 Gender

( )Male ( )Female ( )Others;

B. What are the students’ achievement level in mathematics?

C. What are the teachers’ factors?

D. What perspective do students have toward mathematics?

 E. What are the behaviors/attitudes does students’ have towards mathematics?

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Mathematics invented by Archimedes (3000 BC) is the science and study of quality,

structure, space, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns, formulate new conjectures,

and establish truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions. It is

an essential component, human reasoning and cognition, as well as efforts to understand the

world and ourselves depend heavily on mathematics.

In addition to promoting logical reasoning and mental rigor, mathematics is an excellent

way to cultivate mental discipline. Understanding mathematics is also essential for

understanding the content of other academic disciplines, such as physics, social studies, and

even the performing and visual arts.Mathematical research is the new curriculum that provides

students with a solid foundation and a stronger understanding of mathematics, according to

the DepEd (Department of Education) (2015).

More importantly, it gives them the best skills and career possibilities available after

high school, preparing them for a global future. Its objective is to provide Filipino students with
the knowledge and life skills they would require as they go on to the next phase of their

education and as citizens of the nation.

In the SHS, only General Mathematics and Statistics and Probability are required as

core subjects (Commission on Higher Education K-12 Transition Program, 2016).

A student's time in Senior High School is a fresh experience. As Senior High School

aims to prepare students before entering college, equipping them with the global skills,

competencies, and knowledge needed to achieve successful career paths in the future, one

must know what strand to select when you enrol at Senior High School for your success in that

sector depends on picking the best strand for you.

Every kid is entitled to make their own decisions. The decision to pursue a career is one

of the most significant and challenging ones, especially for today's youth because once made,

it cannot be changed. There may be factors involved in those decisions that affect how

students decide on their career and includes peers who might influence a poor career decision.

In order to find out, the researcher looked into the reasons behind students' senior-year

decisions to specialize in ABM. Some students find the subject of Math to be so enjoyable that

they mistakenly think the ABM strand consists solely of math problems or that the bulk of the

session consists of arithmetic computations.

The Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand would concentrate on the

fundamental ideas of these fields. ABM can also guide you into management and accounting

careers, such as those in sales management, human resources, marketing, project

management, accounting clerkships, internal auditing, and many more.Advantages of

Choosing the ABM Strand.

There are a number of benefits to selecting the ABM strand. Learning the foundational

ideas of management, business, and accounting enables you to:

Recognize that the world of business is more complex than merely "buy and sell." This

implies that as an ABM student, you are instantly exposed to the many business functions.You

will gain a better grasp of how businesses function and how they make money as a result.

Pay attention to how transactions can be used as leverage and how they occur

everywhere, even in the smallest encounters between people. The ABM strand guides you on

how to interact with different types of individuals and accurately record transactions for future

use and analysis as a prospective business professional.

Learn how various scales of enterprises, firms, and organizations are microcosms or

representations of the world.

This simply implies that as an ABM student, you see businesses as both organizations

with duties to the various societal groups they have an impact on as well as entities that seek

to make a profit.

Recognize that money is the primary motivator for many people and that math is an

exact science in business.Because you are involved in the day-to-day operations of running a

business as an ABM student, you are able to appreciate the importance of managing funds

and keeping track of business finances.

 Develop a mindset that is focused on advancing cultures, people, and enterprises in

good ways.As a result, you gain the advantage of possessing the capacity for long-term

business growth, or business acumen.The ABM strand equips you to be future-focused and

consider the sustainability of enterprises in comparison to other students your age.

The advantages of choosing the ABM strand as a senior high school student is

numerous and these are just a few of them. Because having the abundance mindset, rather

than just having the actual knowledge and abilities, can help you frame business

circumstances appropriately. As a potential decision-maker, having a keen eye for business

can help you make the right decisions. Additionally, it gives you a strong foundation for college.

The goal of this study is to address the misconception among incoming grade 11

students that choosing a strand, particularly ABM, necessitates having understanding of that

strand or demands skill in mathematics.This aims to know the relevance of Mathematics in this

strand and determine the significance of it to the upcoming Grade 11 Students if it is applicable

or extraneous.

Related Theories

This section will go through several theories that help to support the idea that relevance

of Math can have an impact on choosing ABM strand to some extent. In addition, sub theories

that explain other findings, such behavior, are presented after this.

Constructivism theory (Piaget, 1936), asserts that rather than internalization, children

learn number concepts and operations by internal construction.Every normal learner is capable

of competent mathematical thinking, according to Piaget (1968), if attention and care are given
to tasks that pique his interest and if by this manner the emotional restraints that all too

frequently make him feel inferior in math lectures are lifted.

The approach known as constructivism contends that rather than simply absorbing

information, students actively create new knowledge. People construct their own

representations of the world when they interact with it and think back on it, adding new

knowledge to what they already know. The constructivism theory of Piaget has an impact on

learning courses because teachers are required to develop lesson plans that support their

students' conceptual and logical development.

Sub-theory:

Learning Theory, Piaget (1979), human intellectual development progresses

chronologically through four sequential stages. The stages have been discovered to occur in a

relatively constant order, but the ages at which individuals enter each higher order stage vary

depending on their unique genetic and environmental makeup. Piaget noticed that students'

capacity to construct novel cognitive structures to interpret phenomena was constrained.

LEGAL BASES

Republic Act (RA) No. 232 Section 3 also known as the “Education Act of 1982”this

State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education, regardless of sex,

age, creed, socio-economic status, physical and mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin,

political or other affiliation. As well as extend support to promote the viability of those

institutions through which parents, students and school personnel seek to attain their

educational goals.
 DepED Order No. 40, s. 2014 entitled “Revised Guidelines on the Establishment,

Merging, Conversion and Naming/Renaming of Public Schools, and Separation of

Public School Annex in Basic Education.”Part X of said revised guidelines states that:

“Consistent with Republic Act No. 10533, the Department shall issue a separate DepED Order

enumerating the guidelines on the establishment of a ‘stand-alone’ Senior High School, or the

expansion of an existing high school to offer Senior High School.

Republic Act (RA) No. 10612 Section 17, otherwise known as the"Fast-Tracked S&T

Scholarship Act of 2013, " is an act expanding the coverage of the science and technology

(S&T) scholarship program and strengthening the teaching of science and mathematics in

secondary schools, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the Department

of Education (DepEd) hereby jointly issue the following rules and regulations to implement the

provisions of the aforesaid law.

Republic Act 10533 Sections 5 and 6, known as the “Enhanced Basic Education

Act of 2013” clearly states that the K to 12 reform is an effort not exclusive to the Department

of Education (DepEd), but cuts across the whole landscape of Philippine education and labor,

making a unique impact on each sector, while at the same time requiring all these agencies to

work together to ensure a smooth transition into the new system.

Republic Act 10533 Section 7 Teacher training and education– CHED is also

mandated to partner with DepEd and other institutions for teacher training and education,

including making sure that the curricula of teacher education institutions meet standards of

quality. This ensures that the teachers of the next generation are equipped to teach young

Filipinos under the new K to 12 system.

 RESEARCH FLOW

THEORIES: LEGAL BASES:

Constructivism theory Republic Act (RA) No. 232 Section 3

(Piaget, 1936) DepED Order No. 40, s. 2014
Learning Theory Republic Act (RA) No. 10612 Section 17

(Piaget, 1979) Republic Act 10533 Sections 5 and 6

Republic Act 10533 Section 7

INPUT:

What are the students’ achievement level in mathematics?

What are the teachers’ factors?
What perspective do students have toward mathematics?
What are the behaviors/attitudes does students’ have towards
mathematics?

PROCESS:

Interviewing of the Respondents on the Survey Questions for Data

Gathering
Coding the Gathered Data
Analysis and Interpretation of the Findings
 OUTPUT:

Findings
Conclusion and Implications
Recommendations

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

PASSION

Your roadmap to choosing your course, according to Digos (2016), is all about passion. Your

enthusiasm for your course and future profession. Because the key to happiness is the ability

to enjoy anything you do in life. When picking a course, you should examine your prior

experience and skill set, as well as potential jobs and employment prospects, subjects that

interest you, and speaking with your employer, colleagues, or peers about which courses are

relevant and may help you further your career. According to Hernandez (2016), working hard

for something we don't care about is labeled stress, but working hard for something we care

about is called passion. In relation to this, Soriano (2017) stated that after learning about the

various courses, her heart was instantly set on ABM because that is what she wants to pursue

for the rest of her life. She thinks that entrepreneurship is her calling and has no trouble

deciding on a career path. Looking at this further, it just signifies that you must love the strand

you select in order to be successful in the near future. There's always the possibility that you

can achieve it if you're dedicated enough to study even if you choose a strand that is merely

aligned to you and not the strand that interests you. One of the strands that has to be
determined is ABM. So, if you want to be successful in the future, you'll need to put in a lot of

effort, willpower, and attention, as well as a passion for your field and studies.

MATH

“I do really love mathematics because it’s easier for me than the other subjects and it’s

very fun and exciting.” (Villoga, 2019). Similarly, Casilac (2016) stated that she enjoys math

because it's enjoyable. She like it since it has aided her in obtaining and developing her

personality as a future Public Accountant. According to Iahmysterious (2016), students pick

ABM because they want to enhance their math abilities and be prepared for more difficult

tasks. They believe that the course will be mostly focused on math issues or that the majority

of what they will learn will be connected to calculations.

Choosing a profession is challenging since it will determine your future (Grant, 2013). Students

must decide the track or subject to pursue in senior high school or college (Carpio, 2018).

Students who thrive in math sometimes consider ABM to be a strand designed for them. The

majority of students enroll in ABM because math is their favoritesubject and they like

performing it. They feel that if they participate in this strand, they will like it and learn new

things about it.

ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE

According to Dollaga (2019), academic experience is the most important aspect in deciding

whether to pursue a junior or senior academic route. Differences in perceptions of the

importance of choosing a course might be explained by academic competence. Similarly,

Paschal (2016) stated that their experiences in their optional topic may be utilized as a

foundation for appropriate courses kids might pursue after high school. These studies revealed

that a student's topic interest, good grades, abilities, skill, and ability may all affect their
selection about which strand or course to pursue. Students who excel in a particular topic like

are more likely to seek out a course that is relevant to their abilities. As a result, persons who

succeed in subjects linked to ABM like Math are more likely to pursue ABM as a career path.

Fondness and Decision Making

According to Khayati and Payan (2014), a person needs interest and desire to dosomething in

order to learn and understand. This is defined as fondness; and it isimportant because it will

serve as a stimulus that would increase the interest of a person.In addition, Fondness is the

tendency to respond positively towards a certain idea,object, person or situation. It affects an

individual's choice of action and responses tosituations. It is formed as a result of some

positive experience that a person went through(Deslate, 2016).With that, it can be

hypothesized that fondness can indeed influence the choicesand actions of a certain

individual.

Mathematics: Thinking and Content

According to Day (2018), math is important since almost everyday peopleencounter

mathematical terms and situations. It is essential to attain success in life. A lifethat is devoid of

math means exploring the world in a much less interesting level. Inrelation to that, being fond

in mathematics also means having the credibility ofunderstanding numerical data that present

in business. Math is necessary especially in theday-to-day operation and accurate record

keeping of a business says Deeb, (2016). Mathematics refers to the understanding about

structure, order and relation thatcompletely evolved to ordinary counting, measuring and

describing the shapes of objects.It also deals with numerical competition, logical reasoning and

development of newconcept says Braggen et.al, (2019).

Accountancy, Business and Management

Our country has adapted the new curriculum called the Senior High School. It isone of the

stepping stones of our education system. This new curriculum has its ownperks. The K to 12

Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education. Itincludes six years of primary

education, four years of Junior High School, and two yearsof Senior High School (SHS) to

provide time for mastery of concepts and skills, developlifelong learners, and prepare

graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skillsdevelopment, employment, and

entrepreneurship (Yu, 2018). There are four tracks that the students can choose from: the

Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, Sports, and Art & Design. The Accountancy,

Business andManagement Strand is one of the choices in the Academic Track. In choosing

this track,Accountancy, Business and Management strand can help you and give

enlightenmenthow the business world works and how it works in the corporate world. Since,

thebusiness is the backbone of a country’s economy, and as our economy is growing there isa

larger opportunities for those who are taking college courses related to ABM strand.

K-12
The K to 12 Program covers
Kindergarten and 12 years of basic
education
(six years of primary education,
four years of Junior High School,
and two years of
Senior High School [SHS]) to
provide sufficient time for mastery
of concepts and skills,
develop lifelong learners, and
prepare graduates for tertiary
education, middle-level
skills development, employment,
and entrepreneurship. Poor quality
of basic education
is reflected in the low
achievement scores of Filipino
students in the National
Achievement Test and
international tests like TIMSS
(Trends In Math and Science
Subject); partly due to the
congested curriculum; The current
10-year basic education
curriculum is designed to be
taught in 12 years
K-12
The K to 12 Program covers
Kindergarten and 12 years of basic
education
(six years of primary education,
four years of Junior High School,
and two years of
Senior High School [SHS]) to
provide sufficient time for mastery
of concepts and skills,
develop lifelong learners, and
prepare graduates for tertiary
education, middle-level
skills development, employment,
and entrepreneurship. Poor quality
of basic education
is reflected in the low
achievement scores of Filipino
students in the National
Achievement Test and
international tests like TIMSS
(Trends In Math and Science
Subject); partly due to the
congested curriculum; The current
10-year basic education
curriculum is designed to be
taught in 12 years
K-12

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education(six years of primary

education, four years of Junior High School, and two years ofSenior High School [SHS]) to

provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills,develop lifelong learners, and

prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-levelskills development, employment, and

entrepreneurship. Poor quality of basic educationis reflected in the low achievement

scores of Filipino students in the NationalAchievement Test and international tests

like TIMSS (Trends In Math and ScienceSubject); partly due to the congested curriculum;

The current 10-year basic educationcurriculum is designed to be taught in 12 years. The 10-

year basic education cycle hinders the recognition of Filipinoprofessionals abroad.

The Washington Accord prescribes 12-years of basic educationas an entry to recognition

of engineering professionals. The Bologna Process alsorequires 12 years of education

for university admission and practice of profession inEuropean countries. The Philippines is the

only country in Asia and among the threeremaining countries in the world that has a10-year

basic education cycle. (DCCS, 2015)

Accountancy

The Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA) program is composed ofsubjects in

accounting (financial, public, managerial), audit, administration, businesslaws and

taxation. Its primary focus is not limited to business subjects, but to other fieldsas well, such

as banking and finance, government, social services, education, andmore. The

program also teaches students to integrate information technology conceptsinto business

systems, in order to create a more systematic and organized way ofstoring business

related data. As a student, you will be taught computerized accountingsystems, and basic

understanding of computer programming and auditing systems. Theprogram also instills in

students the importance of computational and communicationskills both in written and

oral English. The BS Accounting program is taught in a variety of teaching methodssuch as

case analysis, individual and group reports, simulations, classroom discussionsand guest

lecturers. It also includes extensive exposures to business immersions (aninternship where

there is a probability that the company will hire/absorb you aftergraduation) and an

on-the-job training that will provide you with the understanding ofpractical accountancy.

(FindUniversity.ph)

Business Management Course

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Management(BSBA-M),

also known as BSBA in Business Management, is a four year degreeprogram

designed to equip students with the concepts and principles of

BusinessManagement. The BSBA in Management program teaches students

operations andprocesses that occur within an organization such as procurement,

logistics, qualitycontrol, project management, manufacturing and marketing. The BSBA-M

program ismore specific compared to the generic BSBA curriculum, and focuses on the

moreauthoritative aspects of business like planning business activities,

organizingdepartments and employees, running departments, and generally

managing anorganization. (FindUniversity.ph)

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https://byjus.com/question-answer/who-invented-math/

William L Jones Dr Cookeville (2022) What is Mathematics?

https://www.tntech.edu/cas/math/what-is-mathematics.php

Department of Education (2019) Policy Guidelines in the K to 12 Basic Education Program

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/DO_s2019_021.pdf

Elicasy (2021) Practical 4306

https://www.coursehero.com/file/106728640/practical-research-docx/

OEd Senior High School (2021) Why Students Choose the ABM Strand

https://www.onlineshs.com/why-choose-abm-strand/

Erica Loop (2018) How to Apply Piaget's Theory to Teaching Mathematics

https://www.theclassroom.com/apply-piagets-theory-teaching-mathematics-7730997.html

Luz M. Rivera Vega (1996)The Effect of Mental Computation Instruction on Third Grade
MathematicsStudents

https://ponce.inter.edu/cai/tesis/lmrivera/cap2.htm

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Education Act of 2013

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/09/04/irr-republic-act-no-10533/

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https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/08/11/republic-act-no-9155/

Mariella Louise (2019) DepED Order No. 51, s. 2015 Guidelines on the Implementation of SHS

https://www.coursehero.com/file/43683087/DepED-Order-No-51-s-2015-Guidelines-on-the-
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https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/63154

The LawPhil Project (1982) AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND
MAINTENANCE OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

https://lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1982/bp_232_1982.html#:~:text=Section
%203.&text=The%20State%20shall%20promote%20the,origin%2C%20political%20or
%20other%20affiliation