A Qualitative Research

Factors Influencing Students in Choosing ABM and How It Can Help to Their
Future Career

Presented to the Faculty of Our Lady of Fatima University Senior High School In

partial fulfillment of the requirements in PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Miranda, Justine Craig S.

Viloria, Lou Melvin Q.
Bantonore, Jazmine V.
Borgueta, Kyumi
Esquivel, Jackie R.
Nazam, Norine Mhecaella
Paz, Jaynylyn M.
Tamano, Janelle Elaine V.

Ms. Maribeth Besmonte

Research Teacher

MARCH 2020
 Factors Influencing Students in Choosing ABM……. 2

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The two extra years of High School which is the Senior High School; gives

enough time to learn concepts and competencies, cultivating lifelong learners and to

train students for tertiary education. Based on Seameo Innotech (2012), the new

curriculum requires that students learn the necessary skills and meet the legal age for

jobs in order to qualify for entrance into the world of work whether they want or need to.

On the other hand, students who choose to pursue tertiary education are deemed to be

better prepared for university study. Every senior high school student can choose from

three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The

Academic track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business Management (ABM);

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); Science, Technology, Engineering,

Mathematics (STEM); and General Academic Strand (GAS). In Our Lady of Fatima

University, there are four strands that are being offered. The researchers chose the

ABM students to determine what are the factors why they preferred the strand. A

student's choices may be affected by many influences, such as parents, peers, faith

leaders or any role model in his or her life.

According to Enderun Colleges (2015), the subset of ABM in its most

fundamental sense applies to the academic programs in accounting, business and

management that concentrate on the core principles of banking, financial

management, corporate management as well as every aspect around these main

fields. ABM will take you on a clear career path in accounting and administration:

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 Factors Influencing Students in Choosing ABM……. 3

revenue management, personnel management, marketing manager, bookkeeper,

accountant, accountancy auditor, and many more.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find out SHS students’ considered factors as to why

they choose ABM as their strand. Specifically, it aims to answer the following

questions:

1. Where did the students based their decision to choose ABM?

2. What are the skills required for students to pursue ABM strand?

3. How can ABM strand help students in their future career?

1.3 Objectives

The main purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting students’

decision on why they chose ABM strand. This will determine students’ perception ab

The needed skills involved in the strand and to know how ABM is related to

their future career.

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1.4 Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on the factors influencing students in choosing ABM strand

and how it can help to their future career. The data collection will be conducted to the 5

selected ABM students of Our Lady of Fatima University in the school year 2019-2020. This

study would be done through the utilization of questionnaire to the ABM students. Other

students not included as students of ABM are not within the scope of this research.

2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

According to Eremie (2018) and Okwulehle (2018), career is a life time pursuit for

success. It is the succession of significant positions involved by an individual for a mind-

blowing duration of time. Career selection is one among the most important choices a

student will experience in their life. This choice of commitment will have great impact on

them throughout their lives. The study analyzed factors influencing career choices

among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three

recommendations were made: (1) there are needs for students to be aware of

environmental factors that could interfere with their career options. (2) Parents and

teachers should devise students for career apprehension at an early age. (3) Parents

should work carefully and closely with their children in career decision making process,

allowing students to decide their interest area.

Eremie, M. and Okwulehle, C. (2018). Factors Affecting Career Choice among Senior

Secondary School Students in Ohio/Akpor Local Government Area of rivers State

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(Implication to Counselling). International Journal of Innovative Education Research

6(2):27-39, April-June, 2018 (ISSN: 2354-2492). SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2018.

Retrieved from URL: www.seahipaj.org

According to Mtemeri (2017), members of the family, both nucleus and extended, had

an impact on students’ selection of careers. The effect of mothers and fathers was rated

highly as compared to other family members. The study also revealed that schools had

an effect on high-school students’ choice of careers. Career guidance, especially school

career days, was quoted as having a positive effect on students’ selection of careers.

The geographical location of schools was cited as quite significant within the choices of

careers by students. The investigation is springboards to establishing a career guidance

model that will assist career guidance teachers in high schools in their endeavors to

assist students make career choice from a well-informed perspective. A survey design

which was mainly quantitative in nature was utilized in this empirical study. A self-

designed questionnaire was utilized in gathering data from the participants. One

thousand and ten high-school students and 20 career guidance teachers engaged

within the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19 studied the

percentages that were used to study the data. The study also divulged that peers had

an influence on students’ selection of careers through peer advice and motivation. Be

that as it may, the influence of gender on career choice was lowly rated. In other words,

gender failed to influence the students’ selection of careers. Several recommendations

were made. The study recommended the guidance of guardians, friends, and educators

to reinforce students’ selection of careers. It had been also suggested that only trained

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career guidance teachers will be allowed to teach career guidance. Lastly, the study

also recommended a career guidance model to assist in helping students select suitable

careers.

Mtemeri, J. (2017). Factors Influencing the Choice of Career Pathways among High

School Students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. University of South Africa. January

2017. Retrieved from URL: https://core.ac.uk/reader/95521630

According to Ahmed, Sharif, and Ahmad (2017). A wrong career selection controls all

individual efforts and resources into an incorrect direction, when not positioned with the

expectations; would not only be exasperating rather draining of the individual energy

and wastage of resources. The encouragement behind this research study was to

analyze the factors that affect the career selection choice of the student and generate a

possible alignment between their preferences and the institutions curriculum and

offerings. The structured survey was disseminated among MBA/BBA scholars enrolled

in different universities of Karachi. Data were collected from 120 participants and

interpreted using SPSS. Correlation and multiple -regression were implemented as

statistical tools to test the hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that “interest in

the subject” is the most dominant factor affecting career choices of business students f

(1,118)= 12.304, p<0.05, R=.307. Financial outcomes, ease of subject and future job

opportunities were observed to have minor impact. The interest in the subject is also

related and has some linkage with personality type. Mismatch of the personality and

lack of interest in the subject is dangerous, and could end up into disastrous results in

terms of student dissatisfaction, demotivation, lack of productivity leading to increased

dropouts and career failure. The study results are indicative of the importance of

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students counseling sessions and other interventions to provide them with updated

knowledge, and information to create their interest in the right choices and available

options. The career choice of the students is also influenced by the level of their social

class, financial resources, affordability and future employability.

Ahmed, K.A., Sharif, N., and Ahmad, N. (2017). Factors Influencing Students’ Career

Choices: Empirical Evidence from Business Students. IBIMA Publishing. Journal of

Southeast Asian Research. Vol. 2017 (2017), Article ID 718849, 15 pages.

DOI:10.5171/2017.718849. Retrieved from URL:

http://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JSAR/2017/718849/

According to Kazi and Akhlaq (2017), making a career selection is a very important

phase in every student's life. Students have to ponder several factors before arriving at

a conclusion of what to choose. The motive of this research was to see the factors

which has an impact on the choice of career among students. This study probed the

influence of several factors such as parental education, occupation, and income on the

career options of 432 students from two public sector universities in Lahore city. The

impact of peers on the respondents' selection of subject specialization was also

investigated along with any impressions taken from the media. It also inspected whether

students at the MS level opt for their chosen fields forcibly, make settlements, or make

conclusions which are independent and without external pressures. Data was gathered

through a survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The results show that parents

influence are the most significant, followed by influence from peers, gender, print media,

financial reasons, interest and others.

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Kazi, A.S., Akhlaq, A. (2017). Factors Affecting Students’ Career Choice. Journal of

Research and Reflections in Education. December 2017, Vol., No.2 pp 187-196.

Retrieved from URL: http://www.ue.ed.ok/jrre

According to Gungozer (2016), in the world, most of the successful individuals

have reached their targeted goals at any field; have gotten the right choice of career at

the right time in their life. On the other hand, ones that had not selected the right career

on time, have not gotten their desired profession. Career choice is an uphill task for the

students to choose their preferred career in secondary school because they do not

know how to match their career with their own abilities and skills. In Turbat, there is no

proper process of career counselling for students choosing subjects when they get out

of school and move to college- not being aware about any field so it generates a lot of

questions in the minds of students to get answers from scholars. In this investigation,

the researcher conducts the research to examine factors which influences the selection

of career among secondary school students in Turbat. The respondents selected for

study are from 10th and 9th class in high school Turbat city for both genders. The

technique was applied by using a survey questionnaire for data gathering in different

factors relating to the choice of career using thirty statements. The design of the

questionnaire uses a Likert type scale to ensue the factors influencing the choice of

career among schools that were based on environment, opportunity, and personality.

Gungozer, R.A. (2016). The Factors Influencing the Choice of Career among Secondary

Students in Turbat. University of Turbat (Kech) Balochistan, Pakistan. Retrieved from

URL:

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https://www.academia.edu/36310906/The_Factors_Influencing_the_Choice_of_Career_

Among_Secondary_School_Students_in_Turbat

2 Local

According to Abarro (2016), the main ground of the investigation was to craft a

Senior High School program offerings to a University of choice in Rizal. The study

makes use of the Descriptive Survey Method. The investigation that took place showed

that most of the Grade 9 students selected Career Tracks and Strands such as

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), and Technical Vocational Livelihood

(TVL) tracks. Moreover, there is a notable connection between the choice of career

track and the profile of the students in terms of sex, average family income, occupation

of the head of the family, school preference, and the average scholastic ratings in

Grade 8. There are no significant connection between the choice of career track and the

highest educational attainment of the head of the family and the person influential in the

choice of career track.

Abarro, J.O. (2016). Factors Affecting Career Track and Strand Choice of Grade 9

Students in the Division of Antipolo and Rizal, Philippines. International Journal of

Scientific and Research Publications (ISSN 2250-3153), Volume 6, Issue 6. Retrieved

from URL: http://ww.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0616.php?rp=P545454

According to Moneva and Malbas (2019), there are many factors that could

impact students according to the preferences of grade 10 students in choosing a track

to advance to the senior high school system. Likewise, this investigation focuses on

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identifying the influence of a student’s preference about a Senior High School track that

is commonly encountered by the Grade 10 students in terms of Gender, Socio-

Economic Status, Average academic grades, Nature of their parent’s occupation; and,

strand and the level of influence of the respondents involvement with their preferences

in selecting a track in senior high school in terms of family influence-decision; peer

influence; financial conditions; and employability. The research tool imposed was a

survey questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed of the respondent’s profile and 10

statements to be rated. The factors that fairly affects the preferences of the senior high

school are gender, male students consider their socio-economic status, and their

parent’s occupation as when choosing their track in Senior High School while female

students considers their peers as a factor in selecting a strand in Senior High School.

Moneva, J.C., Malbas, M.H. (2019). Preferences in Senior High School Tracks of the

Grade 10 Students. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies

(ISSN 2455-2526). Retrieved from URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.vattainme

According to Cervera and Verjom (2016), with the alterations that are required to

be faced by our country in terms of the educational curriculum, the researchers have

made a move to conduct this research. In our study, we concluded four (4) major factors

which were the basis of this study, Parental Influence, Aptitude, Interests and

Environmental Factors. The study focuses to discover the notable differences between

the factors of the selection of careers and the gender of our respondents. The research

was conducted at the University of the Immaculate Conception and its respondents

were of Grade 10 students, ranging from 20-23 per section. It was executed by using

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the descriptive survey method, thus, the researchers created a questionnaire based on

the four (4) different indicators, with six (6) statements in each indicator. The

researchers then interpreted the data to get the mean scores, as well as, the p-value or

the notable difference. It was then formulated by the SPSS, and then obtained a p-value

of 0.144. Therefore, it was insinuated that there was a notable difference between the

choices of career of the grade 10 students according to their gender. The advocates’

findings were to acquire the alternative hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis. There

are various factors which can also influence the choice of career of an individual. For

the development of further studies, the researchers highly suggested that there should

be other factors to look for since the choice of career is a need in one’s future.

Cervera, Ma.D., D.F., Verjom, S.B. (2016). Factors Affecting Grade 10 Students in

Choosing Their Preferred Tracks for Senior High School. Retrieved from URL:

https://www.academia.edu/35074962/Factors_Affecting_Grade_10_Students_in_Choos

ing_Their_Preferred_Tracks_for_Senior_High_SchoolTr

According to Vallente (2016), it has been observed that the students who

indecisively takes a course ends up losing interest which has been profound in the

beginning therefore affecting their grades and forcing the students to think of shifting

courses. This study aims to investigate factors influencing students in selecting a course

in Bukidnon National High School. Specifically, the study ought to answer the following

factors: Academic experience, Educational aspiration, Advice from others, Peer

influence, and Family background. These are described by determining the mean and

standard deviation of the response from the respondents. Advice from others was

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determined as a factor that had the least impact for the respondents from Bukidnon

National High School. Based in the survey questionnaire on what factors influence

students in choosing a course of selected senior high school, most of them chose

Academic aspiration.

Vallente, C.M., Albia, I.J., Gayosa, J.V., Dollaga, K.V., Nobleza, M. (2016). Factors

Influencing Student’s Choice for a Senior High School Academic Track. Retrieved from

URL:

https://www.academia.edu/24592420/Factors_Influencing_Students_Choice_for_a_Sen

ior_High_School_Academic_Track

According to Penedilla (2017) and Rosaldo (2017), in choosing a career,

suitability to the interest of the students is given importance. Students must know on

what degree to pursue in college, one that interests them and must also fit their abilities

so that it will not be hard for them to choose the right career path. The respondents’

have supplied data that are reasonable and dependable based on the gathered

information, coded and processed by statistical formula. The null hypothesis of the

study, stated that “there is no significant effect and differences among the factors and

groups of respondents’ preferences” is FALSE and rejected by the ANOVA coefficient F

of 40.6027. The respondents’ selection of career and college degree although mostly

are personal choice, are not free from any influence. Their options, personal, advised,

or coerced are affected by multiple factors---from academic qualifications to social and

economic factors. Therefore, the respondents are motivated in making a conclusion.

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Penedilla, J.S., Rosaldo, L.B. (2017). Factors Affecting Career Preferences among

Senior High School Students in Tacloban City. Retrieved from URL:

https://www.academia.edu/34876760/FACTORS_AFFECTING_CAREER_PREFEREN

CES_AMONG_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_STUDENTS_IN _TACLOBAN_CITY

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter clearly defines the research methods used to conduct the study.

The researcher explains how the necessary data and information to address the

research objectives and questions was collected, presented and analyzed.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher used the qualitative method as the basis of this study. According

to Crossman (2020), Qualitative research is a type of social science research that

collects and works with non-numerical data and that seeks to interpret meaning from

these data that help understand social life through the study of targeted populations or

places. People often frame it in opposition to quantitative research, which uses

numerical data to identify large-scale trends and employs statistical operations to

determine causal and correlative relationships between variables.

3.2 RESEARCH LOCALE

This study was conducted at a Private University; this place was selected for the

knowing the factors influencing students in choosing ABM and how it can help to their

future career. The respondents would be the achievers and had academic awards of the

senior high-school students. The researcher used a survey form and they conduct the

study inside the school premises only

3.3 KEY INFORMAT SAMPLING

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The main focuses of this study were the senior high-school students in a Private

University who took the ABM strand. It composed of grade 11 students only. In this

study, the researcher used the non- probability sampling in conducting the research.

The type of the non- probability sampling used in this study is Purposive Sampling or

also called Judgmental Sampling wherein the researchers choose the outstanding

students in the senior high-school of a Private University.

The researchers choose respondents with the criteria based what the

researchers need. 1) The respondent must be part of Honor in their room. 2.) The age

bracket of the respondents must be 16-17 years old. Lastly 3) must be the student of

that private university that the researcher conducts a study.

3.4 RESEARCH ETHICS

The study applied major ethics in conducting research: 1) informed consent

whereas students are aware of the purpose, 2) beneficence, do not harm, 3) anonymity

and confidentiality which ensured the intellectual property of honoring the respondents

and 4) privacy to secure their identities. To complete the research with proper

guidelines, the researchers took note of the ethical aspects of this study. Enough time is

given to the respondents with the goal that they can address each question precisely

and efficiently. Secondary data will be used in the study which will be provided by the

respondents that were garnered. This research study secured necessary permit from

the selected respondent involved in the study. The researcher and respondents both

agreed to maintain confidentiality, so as to the information involved to avoid possible

risk. We ensure that the information gathered will not be used in any other activity but

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this research. Furthermore, usage of any secondary data provided by them will be

recognized with legitimate reference, Hence, the moral part of the exploration will all

around carefully in this study.

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researcher creates a self- administered questionnaire data gathering

process to get the descriptive data and qualitative data. It is an instrument consisting of

a series of question to gather the answers of the respondents and to know their opinion.

The purpose of the questionnaire is to determine the reasons why they choose the ABM

strand and how the strand helps their decision making by choosing a career to the

future.

Some sample questions that were included in the semi-structured questionnaire were

the following:

1. Why did you choose ABM strand?

2. What influence you to choose ABM strand

3. Who is your role model in choosing ABM strand?

4. What do you think are the skills required for ABM students to pursue their

strand?

5. Which of your skills do you think are suitable in ABM?

6. In your opinion, how hard is ABM as a strand?

7. How can you assure that ABM strand is for you?

8. What is the reason to pursue your dream career after you take ABM strand?

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9. How can you assure that ABM strand will help you to choose a career in the

future?

10. How will you prefer this strand to others after you graduated from Senior High

School?

3.6 DATA COLLECTION

The researchers used semi-structured questionnaire to collect information and

data including the observation to the respondents, this strategy is effective. The survey

is made to legitimize behavior and trust of the respondents that they can answer freely

and does not hurt the feelings of the respondents.

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS

In analyzing the data, part of the process implied the researchers’ understanding

how the researchers were to make sense of the data. This entailed a form of

‘engagement’ with the data, which meant risking the researchers’ everyday stance,

attitudes or knowledge in order to acknowledge the ‘liminal’ experience of living

between familiarity and strangeness (Kerdeman, 2015, in Denzin & Lincoln, 2015). As

such the researchers’ feelings ranged between a feeling of familiarity with the

participants’ attributions of meaning in their lives and a feeling that we could not identify

personally with what they could be feeling or describing. Knowing that we would

encounter this ‘liminal’ experience encouraged me to explore the data with a sense of

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flexibility and open-mindedness, improvisation and creativity as well as planning and

adherence to steps and rules (Janesick, 2018, in Denzin & Lincoln, 2018).

4.0 RESULT

This chapter was highlighting the answers of respondent to the questionnaire that the

researcher gave to them.

1. Why did you choose ABM strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): Because I know that this strand will help me in the

college course that I want.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE) : I wanted to be like my mother & be successful in the

future as how successful God had planned for my life.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): because it is related to the college program that I will take

which is accountancy.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): I want to be an accountant.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): Because ABM is my first choice.

2. What influenced you to choose ABM strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): Since I was a kid, I love holding and counting money so I

decided that I wanted to be an accountant someday, and this strand will help me to

achieve my goal.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): My mother and Family.

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RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): inspired to the accountants I saw in the company.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): Me, my parents, and b];lalso my tito.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): My friends especially my motivation to pursue

management.

3. Who is you role model in choosing ABM strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): My father.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): My mother

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): My friend that is an accountant for years.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): My tito who is a CPA

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): my older cousin

4. What do you think are the skills required for ABM students to pursue their strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): Confidence hard work and determination.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): Critical thinker lang oks na.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): Hardworking.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): A skill of having a fixed decision and knowing what they

wanted to be in the future.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): Risk-takers, Flexible, Industrious, Kind, and Critical.

5. Which of your skills do you think are suitable in ABM?

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RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): Bargaining and reasoning.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): Analyzing problems.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): Organizing and Filing, Mathematical Thinking.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): Risk-taker, kind, and flexible.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): Analytical skill.

6. In your opinion, how hard is ABM as a strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): It's hard especially when you are slow-learner, but as

long as you can understand the lessons, it's easy.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): It may be difficult as our painful struggles in life but you'll

learn a lot from your mistakes and experiences.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): For me, it is just fine with me because I am comfortable with

my strand so far.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): I can rate it 8/10 because there are lots of paper works to

be finished and analyzing a transaction is challenging because 1 wrong analyze then it

is not balance.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): it depends on how you can manage your time because

there's nothing hard for a student who can calculate his/her time.

7. How can you assure that ABM strand is for you?

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RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): This strand will lead me to my goal.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): Because I do like the way of organizing & filing not just

through accounting but also in life.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): If your mind and heart is settled for this.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): Because even though I am not smart I am dedicated and

the title CPA is not my dream because it is my goal for me and my family.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): I am truly assure to myself.

8. What is the reason to pursue your dream career after you take ABM strand?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): It's my passion.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): To be successful in the future & help others as they

achieve their life goals also.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): Because I want to have an accountant in my family.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): It is my own choice. And I also want to continue the

career my mom had started when she was in college.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): Just like my older cousin, she is my inspiration on

pursuing my dream career.

9. How can you assure the ABM strand will help you to choose a career in the future?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): My course in college is connected to this strand.

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RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): It may help me to start at the basics before going to the

harder part of my career.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): It actually depends on what type of career to choose.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): Because it helps me to build backround knowledge in

accounting.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): I am really assured to myself because ever since i was in

9th grade, ABM is my dream strand.

10. How will you prefer this strand to others after you graduated from Senior High

School?

RESPONDENT 1 (FEMALE): I'll explain to them that this strand is easy and will

absolutely help them in their career path.

RESPONDENT 2 (FEMALE): I can prefer this through the experiences and things that i

learn.

RESPONDENT 3 (MALE): I can say that being a student under ABM is not that easy

but I can assure you that if your dream job is connected to it you must try.

RESPONDENT 4 (FEMALE): I can share my experience with regards to my knowledge

in ABM strand.

RESPONDENT 5 (FEMALE): Actions speaks louder than words.

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5.0 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY- ANTIPOLO CAMPUS ABM