ST.

JOSEPH ACADEMY OF VALENZUELA

Senior High School Department

“Factors Influencing Student's Choice for a Senior High School Academic Track

in St. Joseph Academy of Valenzuela”

A Research Proposal

Presented to the faculty of Senior Highschool in

St. Joseph Academy of Valenzuela

In partial fulfillment of The Requirements for

Practical Research

by

Mercado Vesti Sahm Angielo

Pineda Charles Jake

2022

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 CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education six

years of primary education, four years of Junior High School (JHS) and two years of

Senior High School (SHS) to provide sufficient time for mastery concepts and skills,

develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level

skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. (Ma. Araceli Bello Verjom)

Choosing track means you are looking forward on going to college. This track

will help you to prepare yourself for the subject specialization of the college course you

will take in the future you have for stranded track to choose from General Academic

Strand (GAS), Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS), Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business and Management

(ABM). (Ma. Araceli Bello Verjom) Choosing a career path can assist you in setting

professional goals and developing a plan for getting where you want to go. Making a

genuine self of your skills and abilities, skills, and interests is an important part of

choosing an appropriate career path. Whereas elements of your path may alter over time

due to preference or situation, having a broad professional goal to guide you will allow

you to make more informed decisions. (Ma. Araceli Bello Verjom)

 The study's goal was to identify factors that influence students' in choosing their

track. The existing study used a case study to understand senior high school students'

choices for this persistence, by selecting students from St. Joseph Academy of

Valenzuela. (Ma. Araceli Bello Verjom)

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Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this research is to determine the different factors influencing the

students in choosing a track in the secondary level of St. Joseph Academy of

Valenzuela.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1. Sex

1.2. Age

2. What are the respondents mean scores in the influence of determining their senior

high school academic track in terms of

2.1. Academic Experience

2.2. Educational Aspiration/ Expectation.

2.3. Friends/ Peer Influence

2.4. Family Background.

3. Is there a significant difference among the factors

3.1. Academic Experience vs. Educational Aspiration/Expectation

3.2. Friend/Peers Influence vs. Family Background

3.3. Academic Experience vs. Friend/Peers Influence

3.4. Educational Aspiration/Expectation vs. Family Background

3.5. Academic Experience vs. Family Background

3.6. Educational Aspiration/Expectation vs. Friend/Peers Influence

4. Based on the results of the study what projects can be proposed?

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Research Hypothesis

Research Question no. 3: Is there a significant difference among the factors

Ho: There is no significant difference between the factors

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Significance of the study

These studies are important in a variety of ways. First, The Results of this study

will help students, parents, and high school counselors understand the college selection

process. Furthermore, the results "may be a valuable resource for self-discovery by

giving a framework for evaluating appropriate college selections." The results of this

study will assist students in selecting the best degree for them.

STUDENTS. this research assists incoming senior high school students in determining

the factors to consider while choosing a college degree. They must take into account

their interests, inherent skills, abilities, goals, and rewards. This research will assist

them in honing their decision-making skills. Many students make poor decisions

because they do not take the time to consider their options. This study will be extremely

beneficial to students who are unsure about which path to choose. This exploration will

raise their consciousness and assist young people identify their job path, which adds to

the direction lessness of youth. Students in grade 10 use internet tools to help them

narrow down their career options. It will assist the student in understanding the

elements that impact their decision to pursue a college degree.

TEACHERS. the study will provide the educational institution about the factors that

influence student strand selection. They also have the authority to establish a program to

evaluate the factors to provide a conclusion or suggestion.

GUIDANCE COUNSELLOR. this research will also benefit the guidance counselors in

junior and senior high schools. Students' professional success may be best achieved if

good councilor was provided in selecting the suitable course in college that is matched

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to their personality, skills, and intelligence. Helping students pick a job that suits them

may be completed by combining a career plan with the curriculum, allowing them to

make an informed decision about what course to pursue in college. A joint effort should

also be undertaken by the high school counselor to conclude with a career advancement

plan for each individual student.

PARENTS. this study is beneficial not only to students but also to parents, as noted,

most students who choose a subject that is not truly what they desire damage their

school performance, primarily because they lose interest and find it dull, resulting in

low marks. This study makes them aware that selecting a senior high school

strand should not be taken lightly and should consider a variety of criteria in order to

prevent conflicts.

FUTURE RESEARCHER. the researcher and future researchers may gain importance

and understanding of what factors strongly influence student choice making in picking a

strand through this research. The researcher's study involvement method, abilities, and

understanding might be improved.

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Scope and Limitation

This study was an investigation on the factors affecting the choices of the

students under K-12 on which track they would take for senior high school. The study

was only limited to the Grade 10 students of St. Joseph Academy of Valenzuela. 30-40

Grade 10 students will answer through survey questionnaires or in online platform such

as Google Form. This study mainly focused on the factors such as the profile of the

students, Academic Experience, Educational Aspiration/Expectation Friends/Peer

Influence, and Family Background. There may be more factors however, those would

not be within this study.

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 CHAPTER 2 – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

This section presents the studies and literature found by the researchers all

through their comprehensive research on the Factors Influencing Students' Choice of a

Senior High School Academic Track, providing additional interpretations and

information for the stated study.

Foreign literature

Academic performance is another important factor to consider when deciding

on a career path. According to Fizer (2013), students have shown the capacity to

accomplish successfully in the field, as evidenced by their high school grade point

averages. They also recommended that students who can manage excessive academic

tasks inclined to choose a career path that requires many years of education.

Meanwhile, students who are lacking result in substantial aptitude may be better suited

to careers that require less extensive and difficult academic work.

Soria and Stebleton (2013) looked at the relationships between students' intrinsic

and extrinsic reasons for major selection, academic experience satisfaction, and sense of

belonging. Students' motivation to choose a major is positively related to satisfaction

because the chosen option allows time for other activities, prepares them for a fulfilling

career, prepares them for graduate/professional school, and provides international

opportunities. Choosing a major to supplement students' desire to study abroad was

discovered to be negatively associated with student satisfaction. Furthermore, students

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who had external extrinsic motivations for choice program to denial of their first choice

of college major, easy requirements, and parental desires for choice of career less

satisfied.

(Hrnciar & Madzk, 2013), They may occasionally consider the people and

information they received in their surroundings. There are several factors that may

influence students' and parents' decisions and can be an excellent source of knowledge

for private higher education institutions to offer high - quality services that will meet the

community's needs, expectations, and demands. When developing an educational

program, institutions of higher learning sought to consider the needs of customers,

prospective students, and other clients such as industry partners.

Ibrahim (2017) discovered that family members have the greatest influence on

students' decision to pursue a career in medical laboratory science because they are

typically the ones who provide financial support. According to Eremie and Okwulehie

(2018), environmental, opportunity, and personality factors can influence secondary

school students' career choices. In terms of environmental factors, it was discovered that

family, socioeconomic status, and peer groups have a significant influence on the

students' choice of career, whereas opportunity factors such as education and

mentorship, as well as personality factors such as the students' interest, values, and

skills, had an influence on the students' choice of courses.

Kazi and Akhlaq (2017) an individual environment, talents, skills and academic

achievements exert an influence on career choice. Olaosebikan and Olusakin (2014)

indicated that parental influence will not have significant effect on adolescents’ career

choice, and that perception of parental occupational satisfaction will not have effect on

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career aspirations of adolescents based on the following intervening variables such as

sex, and type of school.

Parents play a critical role in influencing their children's lives. personalities as

they mature As the primary support for students They can influence their educational

aspirations through the system. Workplace ethics and values, as well as motivation

(Alphones) 2016). According to Udoh and Sanni (2012), parents' Secondary students'

educational attainment is influenced by their educational attainment. options for a career

Alphones, on the other hand (2016) children whose parents are dissatisfied with the

struggle to provide for the relatives with their earnings likely to pursue a career path

that might lead to employment with increased earnings

According to Uyar, Gungormus, and Kuzey (2011), factors influence student

decisions, which include career opportunities, interest in the subject, instructor, money,

parents, enjoyment, prior experience, lifestyle offered because of the career, challenge,

prestige, usefulness in running a business, and other students. It also identifies the top

five reasons for selecting a major, which include: interest in a career related to the

major, good job opportunities, skills, a desire to run a business someday, and projected

earnings in the related career. The least chosen reasons for selecting a major were the

major's reputation at the university, the perception quality of instruction, the influence

of parents, the amount and nature of promotional information, and the influence of

friends.

Students' interests, on the other hand, are regarded as the most important factor

in choosing a career major or education course (Giustinelli, 2016). Okwulehie (2018)

and Rababah (2016) emphasized student interest as a factor in career decisionmaking.

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This was supported by Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017)'s study, which found that personal

preferences influenced high school students' career and college degree choices.

Similarly, Ahmed et al. (2017) discovered that interest in a course has a significantly

positive relationship with career guidance, whereas academics, financial ramifications,

and potential career opportunities have little effect on students' intention to attend a

specific career. According to Edward and Quinter (2011) and Malgwi et al. (2005), the

most influential indicator is career interest, followed by career progression opportunities

and the availability of prospective employment.

‟Aspirations towards higher education in urban Jamaica. Compare: A Journal of

Comparative and International Education” of Stockfelt (2013), it was emphasized that

educational aspirations are contextual and dynamic and should be anticipated in light of

the socioeconomic environment being experienced. Her research discovered that these

aspirations are typically linked to employment opportunities and economic future

expectations. Furthermore, she identified the family as one of the most powerful

influences on young people's aspirations. Numerous researchers used family social class

as a variable when investigating students' academic progression in the literature. When

exploring students' progression patterns, she described the impact of parents' level of

education as "remarkable."

Due to a lack of examples of success in vocational education in the home and

immediate community, students were unmotivated to progress through this course. She

demonstrated, using qualitative methods, that being in a family with insufficient

economic resources meant that the space, situation, and resources to sustain a

continuous educational experience were limited (Stockfelt, 2013). She discovered that

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this has put students at a disadvantage, limiting their educational aspirations, and she

has admitted that low-income students are overrepresented in vocational education. The

examples above show how existing social stratification in various contexts can

influence the decision-making process.

Local Literature

 Dagang and de Mesa (2017) identified results indicating that parents

have a strong influence on their children's choice of tertiary school. The Filipino people

have a deep respect for elders, which explains why parents have such a strong influence

on their children's decisions. Children in a Filipino family are financially dependent on

their parents, which explains their submission to their parents' decisions, as well as the

moderate influence of others such as peer group, friends, and relatives. Another factor

was tuition affordability, followed by scholarship.

Rin (2021), Rababah (2016), Pascual (2014), and Umar (2014) discovered that

peer factors have a significant influence on students' career preferences. However,

Ouano et al. (2019) discovered an insignificant influence of peer factor on student's

career choice, and similar findings were obtained in the studies of Kaneez and Medha

(2018) and Pascual (2014) that peer factor has only a minor effect on students' career

choice. The study's objectives. The study's overarching goal was to identify junior high

school students' career choices for senior high school studies that would represent as

preparation for further tertiary studies or employment. Assessing the factors that

influenced or clarified students' overall course choices in particular. It is theorized that

established career preference factors such as personality, parents, interest, work

12
opportunities, and peer influence students' career choices significantly. Examining the

factors that influenced the vast majority of students' career choices.

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Synthesis

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Theoretical Assumptions

According to William Glasser, Charles (2008), the Choice Theory states the

fundamental premises of the school, which helps to explain that all people are allowed

to explore their own creativity. That everyone is interested in nature, and that the learner

initiates and pursues the most effective and knowledgeable learning. This theory also

claimed that freedom is necessary for the development of personal responsibility. In this

theory, developing their knowledge, creativity, and talents will help them progress in

their reasons for choosing and will give them a hint as to what career they want to

pursue in the future.

The choice theory is crucial in this research because it explains how people

develop their talents, creativity, and learning, which gives them an idea of which career

paths they want to pursue. It will assist them in becoming acquainted with their tracks,

and they should take it into consideration when selecting their specialized tracks. They

will have an idea of which way to go as they learn through there own developing talents

and skills.

According to John Dewey's Curriculum theory, curriculum shouldn't be

presented as completed abstractions, but should incorporate the child's assumptions and

views in the context of there own world. Dewey employs four instincts to characterize

children's behavior. These include social, constructive, expressive, and artistic aspects.

Curriculum should create a world in which children are interested. Dewey wants to

achieve his goal of combining subject areas and materials. Dewey made connections

between subjects and the world's child in this way. Dewey is credited with the creation

of progressive schools, which still exist today.

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 According to this theory, curriculum should be linked to the children's world.

The child is entitled to communicate with his or her world through his or her chosen

path.

According to David Tiedman, The Career Advancement Theory is another

theory. this theory is career development decision - making process and self-

development approach to career is responsible for one's own behavior because each

individual has the capacity to choose a career. He was referring to the evolving stage of

self-in-situation from early self-awareness to the point at which an individual is capable

of assessing life experience, anticipating, and imagining future goals. According to this

theory, when one's individual changes their courses due to external factors, shifting

ambitions could also affect choosing a track. According to this theory, a new choice

must be made in order to be certain about choosing a path. Starting with exploration and

progressing to integration.

John Holland's, Holland's Theory of Career Path can assist children in selecting

fields of study that interest them. They must combine self-evaluation with the

exploration of potential majors. They must broaden and explore their options, as well as

communicate with knowledgeable people in their field of interest. These are the good

decisions that assist one in determining what one truly desires.

For understandable reasons, the above theories has something to do with career

choice, and the study has a connection to the preferred tracks of Grade 10 that they have

to know what they are interested in. Choose what they truly desire and what motivates

them. They must assess themselves in order to determine their major, as well as explore

one‘s options and consider their areas of interest.

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17
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Factors that has the greatest

A
Influence on Student’s
A Quantitative Research Factors Influencing
Decision in Choosing a Senior
using A Survey Student's Choice for
High School Academic Track
questionnaires to be a Senior High
 Academic experience conducted in the Grade School Academic
 Educational 10 Students of St. Track in St. Joseph
aspirations/expectations Joseph Academy of Academy of
 Friends/peer influence Valenzuela Valenzuela
 Family Background

course can have a lot to say about the employment prospects of job seekers it is

important that incoming students take some time to evaluate options. A path can make

great impact for your future which plays a great role on what you will become, that is

why, as a graduating high school student, it is important to consider various options that

will affect your choices on what course to take in college.

The academic experience is a work experience obtained in an academic environment of

the respondent. Educational experience refers to the problem on the academic

knowledge of the defendants, and the general average of the grades.

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 Educational aspiration refers to the wants, ambition, and expectation among the

grade 10 students. Educational aspiration denotes the determination of a student with

the skills, capacity and abilities. Parents, in particular, have been seen as the most

significant others in shaping aspirations because they provide the opportunities,

encouragement, and support for their children are teaching (Garg et al., 2002). For

students who have aspirations and expectations for their future, they have perseverance

in pursuing their studies.

Friends/peer influence refer to the influence that friends or peer gives to the

students. This factor effects students’ decision in choosing a course since, as a teenager

it is important for you to feel accepted in a group. There are different effects when a

student refers all his/her decision on his/her peer or friends. Sometimes, friends or peers

can affect your decision like for example, if most of your friends will decide to choose a

course which is related to business, You want to belong to a group will affect your

decision and tend to end up taking a degree where they as a friend or peer wants.

Family background refers to the kind of family and kind of surroundings of the

student. Parents' education is a powerful predictor of their children's educational

attainment (Haveman, 1993). Parents’ information may affect a students’ decision in

choosing course since, studying in college requires that you are financially prepare. On

this study, parents’ information may contribute to the unlimited effect of students’

decision on what course that he/she should take. In this area, socio-economic factor will

gross place.

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Definitions of Terms

For better understanding of the footings used in the study, these were defined

theoretically and operationally:

The Course is term refers to a degree given to students of a higher learning institution

signifying obligatory credits have obtained in exact areas of study. There are several

levels of college degrees ranging from an associate degree to a Doctoral degree.

Factors in this study this refers to the circumstance, person, condition, or influence that

bring about a certain effect; family background, academic experience, recommend of

others, and educational aspiration. These are some of the factors that could affect

students’ decision in choosing a college degree.

Grade 10 is the fourth and last year of Junior High School according to DepEd. In the

Philippines, Grade 10 students are in the range of 15 to 16 years old.

Senior High School is the additional 2 years in the K to 12 Basic Education. Prior to

graduating Grade 10, they enter Senior High School where students will choose tracks

that is linked to their future jobs.

Tracks are the main subject in Senior High School which a student chooses, and

subjects are proposed prior to the track that the student chose.

Preferences refer to the choices of one individual over something. In this study,

preferences are what they want to choose in SHS.

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 CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY

In this chapter the researcher discussed the methodology and the procedure

engaged in the study. The following part includes the research design used in the

conduct of the study, the locale, the samples and sampling technique, the

instrumentation, and the procedures.

Research Design

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