University of Makati

J.P. Rizal Ext. West Rembo, Makati City

HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE STUDENTS IN CHOOSING ABM STRAND

A Research Paper Presented to

The Higher School ng University of Makati

In Partial Fulfillment for the

Requirements in Practical Research 1

By: Joena Blando

Franklen Bonza

Cyrille Paredes

Dehsel Torrecampo

Section: G11-07 ABM

Submitted to: Mrs. Analyn Regalado

March 14, 2019

 CHAPTER 1:

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

INTRODUCTION

A career choice is important because it determines your success in the

next stages of your life (PAMS, n.d).

Choosing a track is critical for making a student highly proficient in the field

where his or her chosen track is related to, especially if the student wishes to work

immediately after graduating from Senior High School. As most educators say, a

mismatch in the track and the student’s interests, personality and passion may

lead to a poorly knowledgeable graduate who will find it hard to compete in the job

market or keep up with other students when he or she goes to college. The

researchers chose this topic for the students to know what are the factors that

influence the students in choosing Accounting, Business and Management track

or strand. Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks:

Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic

track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business Management (ABM);

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology,

Engineering, Mathematics (STEM). The Accountancy focuses not only for the

people who wants to have a business someday but also to get knowledge about

auditing, accounting, and communicating to the investors.

 Accountancy, Business and Management can also lead you to careers on

management and accounting which could be sales manager, human resources,

marketing director, project officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor,

and a lot more.

Accountancy can help you to have opportunity to have a good job and to be

a Certified Public Accountant in the future.

According to R.N Anthony, “nearly every business enterprise has accounting

system. It is a means of collecting, summarizing, analyzing and reporting in

monetary terms, information’s about business”. According to Smith and Ashburne,

“accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant

manner and in terms of money, transactions and events, which are, in part at least,

of a financial character and interpreting the result thereof”.

Accounting is an integral part of this track. By getting attune to the critical

principles of how the exchange of money actually works and the foundational

mathematical syllogisms that makeup accounting theory, you are going to learn

how to properly handle a business and your own finances.

The researchers are conducting this study to open the minds of students

about what they will be when they take the ABM stand.
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;

students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests and school

capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student

will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subject fall under either the Core Curriculum

or specific Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Accountancy and Business

Management (ABM) strand officer subjects which will help and open our minds into

the business world therefore become the ticket to the corporate world. And as our

economy grows the years, more and more job opportunities are being available

(Sparksbooks Nicholas, 2017).

This research was proposed to recognize the range of influenced students

that'll choose ABM as their strand. To the one of the most important demographics

for incoming grade 11 students depending on their interests. For this research the

grade 10 students who are going to enroll and being able to locate at the University

of Makati principally the higher school of University of Makati incoming grade 11

students.

There are some of the students, chooses their strand based on their interest.

Some choose their strand based on what their close friends will take. There are

also some, choose according to what their parents wanted

This research was proposed to recognized the range of influenced student that’ll

choose ABM as their strand. To the one of the most important demographics for

incoming Grade 11 students depending on their interest. For this research, the
Grade 10 students who are going to enroll and being able to locate at the University

of Makati, principally, the Higher School of University of Makati incoming Grade11

students.

The researchers conduct this study to know why students choose the

Accountancy Business Management strand instead of other strands. Also to know

what influences the students to choose Accountancy Business Management

Strand.
 PARADIGM

PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT

The students will

Survey know what are the

Track Preference
factors that
Data Gathering
Interest influence the ABM

students to choose

this strand.

The paradigm shows the input, process and output of the study. The input are

track preference and interest, to know what does influence the students to choose

their strand, it’s in what track preference they are and their interest. To finish the

output, the process that the researchers conduct is survey and data gathering.

After the process is done, it come up with an output which is the students will know

what are the factors that influence ABM students to choose the ABM strand.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Topic: Choosing ABM strand

Title of the Research: Factors that Influence Students in Choosing ABM strand.

1. What are the factors that influence students in choosing ABM strand?

2. What are the advantages of the students in choosing ABM strand?

3. How will the ABM strand help these students in preparing for a business

course?
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study will cover Senior High School students who wants to pursue their

career on business world. Our research is for the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students

that take the ABM strand as their career path here in University of Makati. This

study will not only focus on what ABM strand is all about but what factors it

influence the students to choose this strand.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study is to know what are the factors that influence

the students of Senior High School of University of Makati to take the ABM

course.

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Students will benefit from this study because Students who want to enter

the business world will learn from this study. This would also help them to know if

they are compatible in this strand.

Teachers can have some tips on how will the students be interested on this

strand and this can also be their guide for teaching.

Schools will benefit from this study because they will know what the

students want to learn about ABM.

To Future Researchers, for future references.

Definition of Terms

Accountancy -In this study, accountancy is a major course of the business

course, and the second most popular course in the University of Makati.

Business -In this study, business courses is a program or study offered at different

universities and colleges that focuses only on business theory.

ABM strand -In this study, ABM strand is one of the academic tracks. This means

Accountancy, Business and Management. This strand also a big help for those

people or students who plan on taking up Business Administration or getting a

business someday.

SHS (Senior High School) Curriculum –In this study covers the last 2 year of

the K-12 program and includes Grade 11 and 12. In SHS, students will go through

a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their choices. SHS curriculum has

4 tracks, Sports Track, Art and Design, Technical-Vocational Livelihood and

Academic Track. The ABM is one of the part of Academic Track.

 CHAPTER 2:

Chapter 2 is divided into 4 parts: (1) Review of related Literature; (2) Review

of related Studies; (3) Theoretical Framework; (4) Definition of Terms. Part 1,

Review of related Literature, contains the Senior High School or the Academic

Track and what are the subjects that fit the Business Courses. Part 2, Review of

related Studies, enumerates on how the Business Course or ABM strand could be

effective to enter business world. Part 3, Theoretical Framework, the researchers

are looking forward on what are the advantage and disadvantage of the Business

Courses or ABM strand. Part 4, Definition of Terms, the researchers explain what

are the important terms.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A.B.M. (Accountancy, Business and management Track)

The ABM Track or the Accountancy, Business and Management is for

those who are planning on taking up Economics, Business Management,

Accountancy and Marketing on college.

The Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand would focus on the

basic concepts of financial management, business management, corporate

operations, and all things that are accounted for. ABM can also lead you to

careers on management and accounting which could be sales manager, human

resources, marketing director, project officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk,

internal auditor, and a lot more. One of the significant features of the K to 12
systems is the integration of specialized tracks designed to help students in

determining their respective career paths. These four tracks—academic,

technical-vocational, sports, and arts and design—are aimed at enhancing a

student’s ability based on what he wants to do after graduation. The technical-

vocational, sports, and arts and design tracks will allow students to join the

workforce immediately upon graduation while the academic track prepares

students for further studies.

The ABM strand in its most fundamental sense refers to the accountancy,

business, and management academic programs that concentrate on the

foundational concepts in corporate operations, financial management, business

management, as well as each and every factor that revolves around those

central fields.

The ABM strand can take you on a direct path to careers in accounting and

management: sales management, human resources, marketing director,

bookkeeper, project officer, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and many more.

The ABM strand curriculum opens the avenues for you to gain a more nuanced

appreciation of the intrinsic elements that make up the world of accounting

and business management courses in the Philippines without having to dive

deeper into the specialized complexities of mathematical fields such as algebra,

geometry, trigonometry, and others.

The subjects involved in the ABM strand are designed and crafted for you

develop the appropriate tools that you are going to utilize all throughout your

journey in the corporate world. By taking the ABM strand you will be trained to
analyze assets, understand everything involved with financial positions, interpret

various profitability, and prepare audit accounts.

In Senior High School there are four career tracks for students to choose

from: Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, Sports, and Art & Design. One

of the strands in Academic track is Accountancy and Business Management

(ABM) which offers subjects which will help and open our minds into the business

world therefore, become the ticket to the corporate world. The purpose of writing

the literature is to highlight and broaden the knowledge of the students of what

ABM really is. The literature review focuses on the ABM strand, for the students

to have a background knowledge about it, to let them know what are the possible

courses they can take up in college in line with the said strand and the potential

jobs they can acquire in the future.

Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand offers subjects

which will help and open our minds into the business world, therefore, become

the ticket to the corporate world.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Factors that influence the choice of specialization of students

The respondents of the researchers should rank the interest first, second,

the personality, third, the family’s influence and fourth, friend’s influence.

The earning potential of your chosen profession is likely to be a factor that

influences your career path. You may find one aspect of your career is more

financially rewarding than another, or that working your way through the ranks

holds greater financial incentive than staying in the same job. Your personal

financial needs are also likely to influence the career choices you make.

Opportunity is the third factor that has shaped career choices for students.

Opportunity may influence how students have perceived their future in terms of

the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields.

Personality plays an important role in the choosing of the right career. A

student’s personality must be self-motivated type, as to investigate career

possibilities from early on in their lives, and not the procrastinating type that waits

till they are compelled to decide. Students must take seriously the role grades play

in limiting opportunities in the future. Splaver went on to say “It is important for you

to have a good understanding of yourself, your personality, if you are to make

intelligent career plans”. (Splaver 2000, p. 12), perception of being suitable for

particular jobs also has been found to be influenced by a number of factors

including ethnic background, year in school, level of achievement, choice of

science subjects, attitudes and differences in job characteristics.

 Most of the students lack adequate information regarding various careers

hence the choices that they make are embedded in their perception of the ideal

job and the subjects they study in secondary school.

Parents often have an influence on the career paths their offspring pursue.

A parent may urge a child into a vocation similar to their own, or to one that has

demonstrated high earning power. You may find yourself attracted to a particular

line of work because of your parents’ professional history, which likely has given

you a first-hand perspective on that type of work. Many children grow up idealizing

the professions of their parents. If you always looked up to your mother and

admired her teaching skills, that may influence you to pursue a career in education.

Parents may also intentionally or unintentionally push a child toward a particular

career path, especially in the cases of family-owned businesses, where parents

expect their children to take over the company. Still other parents apply pressure

on their offspring to strive for particular high-profile careers, feeling they are

encouraging their children to reach high.

One consistent finding in research suggests that adolescents’ own

aspirations are influenced by their parent’s aspirations or expectations. Parental

support and encouragement are important factors that have been found to

influence career choice. Children may choose what their parents desire simply to

please them.

Friends and Classmates also influenced individuals in choosing a

career. People around contribute a lot in one’s decision-making. Friends may

influence an individual choice of career. Individual interest may be affected by

peers for the reason that one wants to be with them in fulfilling dreams or a certain

career. Classmates also play an important role in the formation of student’s

achievement, related beliefs and values, even if these classmates do not always

correspond with the peer group of leisure-time friends.

These RRL’s are related to the researcher’s study because it is the factors

that influence the students in choosing their strand. It can be because it is their

interest, because of family that is handling a business that will pass to them in the

future, it’s a big responsibility for the family. Friends can also be the factors of the

ABM students to choose the strand because it influence them.

 CHAPTER 3:

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology of the

study, research design, statistical treatment and the instrument of the study.

This chapter consists of four parts: (1) Research Design, (2) Statistical

Treatment and (3) Instrument.

Part 1, Research Design, describes the research design and the variables

of the study.

Part 2, Statistical Treatment, summary of procedure, including statistical

methods used.

Part 3, Instrument, are measurement tools (for example questionnaires)

designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Burns and Grave (2009) define a research design as 'a blueprint for

conducting a study with maximum control over factors that may interfere with the

validity of the findings'.

This research will use a descriptive research paper to survey 50 Grade 11

and 12 students in University of Makati. The researchers used a qualitative

research in conducting a study. This research involves the collection of

information to answer the questions concerning about the current status related

to the main subject. It will tackle the factors affecting the students in choosing the

Accountancy, Business and Management strand.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Data gathered through the instrument was subjected to statistical

treatment to test the alternative hypothesis advanced in the study. The following

statistical treatments are to be use:

1. The frequency distribution will be used in order to show the number of

respondents according to how they view their work. Such frequency

distribution will be made for interpreting the data and representing it, which

will make it easier to analyze, handle and interpret.

2. To be able to know the average (mean) and percentile, the following

formulas are made.

∑𝑓𝑥
X= 𝑁

Wherein:

N = total number of students

∑x = sum of the factors that influence students in choosing ABM strand.

3. In testing the null hypothesis that there is no significant relation between

the HSU students that influence to choose ABM as their strand. The

researcher will make use of Pearson Product Moment Correlation

Coefficient with the formula.

𝑁∑𝑋𝑌−(∑𝑋)(∑𝑌)
r=
√ [𝑁 (∑𝑋 2 )]−(∑𝑋 2 )] [𝑁 (∑𝑌 2 )−(∑𝑌 2 )]
INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY

The instrument used to collect the data is through survey which is

classified as formal. The formal survey is composed of open-ended questions

related to the research problem which is Factors that Influence Students in

Choosing ABM strand in Higher School of University of Makati.

The questionnaire is composed of an open-ended question that is easy to

answer. The content of this questionnaire, is it their interest that pursue them in

choosing the ABM, is it their parents, friends or track preference, etc. Research

will be conducted as a result of the survey as it is the most effective and fastest

process in obtaining our respondent's answers.

The question provided was made for the convenience of the respondents

in order for them to understand easily the thought. The survey was divided into

parts to give a step-by-step process in the knowledge of respondents.