Unit Essential Question: What is the responsibility of government?

Name:_________________________________ Date:_____________
WWI: The Great War
World War I (1914-1918): Review Sheet

Pre-War Alliances
1) Triple Alliance: Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary (I Go Alone)

2) Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain (Every Friend Rushes Back)

Underlying Causes:
Long Term:
Militarism: The building up of strong armed forces, glorifying military power and keeping an army
prepared for war.
Alliances: Agreement between nations to protect one another
Nationalism: The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is, to the people with
whom they share a culture and history.
Imperialism: A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically,
economically, or socially. The goal is to create and empire.
Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist.

The Balkan Powder Keg

 The Balkan Region of South East Europe, where the imperialistic ambitions of
European powers, and the nationalist interests of the numerous ethnic groups of
the region clashed.

World War I Begins! – The Allied Powers vs. the Central Powers

 List 2 countries who joined the Triple Entente to form the Allied Powers: Italy,
U.S.A.
 List 1 country that joined Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Central
Powers: Ottoman Empire

Fighting during World War I:

 Where was the “Western Front”? Between France and Germany.

 Where was the “Eastern Front”? Between Germany and Russia.
 What was trench warfare: A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the
battlefield.
 What were some of the new technologies introduced during WWI?: Tanks, u-boats, poison gas, machine guns, airplanes,
barbed wire, flamethrowers.
 The Schlieffen Plan: Germany’s plan to quickly defeat France first (by invading through neutral Belgium), and then rush
east to fight Russia.
 Why was the Battle of the Marne significant? The Allies stop the Germans outside of Paris, making the Schlieffen Plan
unsuccessful, and leading to the stalemate and trench warfare along the Western Front.

How did war affect people?

 What is total war and how did it affect societies? All aspects of society, including all industries, are devoted to the war
effort. Citizens are encouraged to limit or sacrifice various goods, buy war bonds, or grow their own gardens. Food and
supplies are rationed (limited), and used for the war effort.

 How did industrialization, and WWI affect and change the roles of women? Women worked in the war industries while
men served over-seas. Women also served as nurses in the armed forces.

Russia Exits World War I

The Bolshevik Revolution was an overthrow of the Russian government. Russia became the first communist country.
Russia exits WWI and signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany giving up large portions of land to Germany.
Russia becomes known as the Soviet Union.
 Unit Essential Question: What is the responsibility of government?

 What problems did Russia experience on the Eastern Front? Lack of supplies, undisciplined army, and cold winters.
These problems, combined with extremely high casualties left many Russian soldiers to desert their lines.

 How was Russia treated during the peace negotiations after WWI ended? Because Russia had already negotiated their
own peace settlement with Germany, Russia was left out of the Paris Peace Conferences and the Treaty of Versailles.

Reason Why the Unites States Enter World War I:

 Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare. What was the Lusitania? German submarines (u-boats) attacked passenger
and merchant ships, some of which continued to trade with the Allied Powers. These attacked killed American sailors when
America had not yet officially entered the war. The British passenger ship, the Lusitania, was sunk killing 128 Americans.

 What was the Zimmerman Telegram? Letter from Germany to Mexico encouraging Mexico to declare war on the United
States if the U.S. entered World War I. The letter was intercepted by the British.

The United States “Over There”

 The United States helps to break the stalemate and the Allies WIN World War I.
 The United States becomes recognized as a world power, and arguably the most powerful nation in the world.
 Germany initiates an armistice to end fighting on 11/11/18 at 11:00 AM.

WORLD WAR I IS OVER!!!

The Fourteen Points (proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson): President Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan to prevent future
war. Included points such as freedom of the seas, no secret alliances, limits on military sizes, equal trade for all nations, self-
determination, and a League of Nations.

 Self Determination: Nationalist groups receive their own governments and boundaries. More countries are added to the map
of Europe as Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire all lose territory.
 League of Nations: Wilsons idea of an international organization of countries with the goal to maintain peace.

Treaty of Versailles
 Great Britain and France want to punish GERMANY. Germany is to take full blame for World War I. Germany is to pay
reparations (paying money for war damages). Germany is to lose its army and navy. Germany is to give up its overseas
colonies. Germany is forced to give up territories to France and Poland.
 Italy and Japan are disappointed that they both joined the Allied Powers, but received little territorial rewards in the Treaty of
Versailles.
 The League of Nations is created, but Germany and Russia are not invited to join. When President Wilson returns home,
U.S. Senators are against the League of Nations. They do not want the United States to join, because they feel that it will
force the United States to get involved in future European conflicts.

WWI Aftermath
 The United States is recognized as a world power.
 The map of Europe is redrawn. New countries are created.
 The United States does not join the League of Nations leaving it powerless.
 The Treaty of Versailles leaves the German people with hatred and bitterness.
 Japan and Italy, who had entered the war to gain territories, had gained less than they wanted, and are left feeling
slighted and bitter.
 Colonies in Africa and Asia were angry that their territories were not granted independence, despite their efforts in
supporting the Allies.
 Women pushed for equal rights after the expanded roles during the war effort.
 “A peace built in quicksand.”